The Raven woman

In a village by a river, a Raven woman befriends a young girl who offers her hospitality and fine clothes. An old Raven man, living in the communal kashime, becomes enamored with the Raven woman. After being rejected by the household, he takes her away to a distant mountain, where they build a home and prosper. A young man later joins them, becoming their adopted son, and eventually brings a wife to live with them.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Love and Betrayal: The Raven man takes the Raven woman as his wife, suggesting elements of romantic bonds and potential challenges within their relationship.

Journey to the Otherworld: The couple’s departure to a distant place and the establishment of a new home can be interpreted as a venture into an unfamiliar or symbolic realm.

Family Dynamics: The introduction of a young man who becomes their son and brings a woman to live with them touches upon themes of familial relationships and structures.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Once there was a Raven woman walking along by a river; and she came to a big village, and found a young girl, who asked her to her house and gave her something to eat. In the same village there lived a rich man; and when the people were hungry, they went to him, and he gave them whatever they needed. The young woman went to him and got some fine clothes for the Raven woman. In the same village there lived an old Raven man, who had no house, and staid in the kashime all the time. One night he said to himself, “I should like to go into the house where the Raven woman lives:” so he went in there, and took the Raven woman for his wife. And the next morning, when the people in the house got up, they saw the Raven man, and told him to leave the house.

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He began to cry, and to say, “I like this woman very much. Why do they tell me to go out?” Then he went out sadly, and went to the kashime. The next night he went into the same house, and took the woman outside, and they went far away together; and when they reached the foot of a high mountain, they made a house and caught plenty of fish.

One day they saw a young man coming; and he said to them, “I will be your son;” and they agreed, and he worked for them. After a while he went away; and when he came back, he brought a woman with him, and they lived there always.


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The little girls and the mink

Three young girls encounter a mink who warns them of an approaching danger—a big man. Frightened, they seek refuge with their grandmother, who advises them to flee into the woods. When the big man arrives and questions the mink about the girls’ whereabouts, the mink remains silent and eventually escapes into the forest.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Mink exhibits cunning behavior, a hallmark of the trickster archetype.

Conflict with Authority: The big man’s threat to the Mink introduces a power struggle.

Family Dynamics: The little girls’ relationship with their grandmother highlights familial bonds.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


There were three little girls who lived in a little house. One of them saw a Mink coming. The Mink said, “Girls, there is a big man coming;” and these little girls were afraid, and ran into the house and told their grandmother; and their grandmother said, “Girls, run into the woods!” So they ran into the woods; and the big man came up and said, “Mink, where are the girls?” and the Mink did not answer. And the big man said, “Mink, I will kill you!” and the Mink ran into the woods.

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The old woman has spring-fever

An elderly woman, feeling the stirrings of spring, wishes aloud for goose gizzards to eat. As she voices her desire, she accidentally falls through her home’s smoke-hole into a bowl of water she had left on the floor and drowns. This story highlights the unexpected consequences of idle wishes and the unpredictability of fate.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The woman’s interaction with the natural elements—observing the geese and the changing season—sets the stage for her accidental death, highlighting the delicate balance between humans and their environment.

Tragic Flaw: The woman’s deep sigh and expressed longing lead to her accidental fall, suggesting that her desires or inattentiveness contribute to her fate.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts a cautionary message about the consequences of unguarded desires and the importance of mindfulness in one’s actions.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


There was once an old woman who lived by herself. One day she washed her hair; and she left the water on the floor and went outside, and saw that it was spring. She went up on the top of her house, and saw the geese coming, and she sighed deeply. She saw another flock coming; and she said, “I wish that I had some goose gizzards to eat!” and as she said this, she fell through the smoke-hole into the bowl of water that she had left on the floor, and was drowned.

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How the fox became red

A hungry fox chases a brood of goslings and their mother, singing about claiming their tender breastbones. As they reach the water, the geese plunge in, escaping the fox. Frustrated, the fox walks along the water’s edge in a rage, turning red all over except for the tip of his tail, which remains white.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the natural phenomenon of the fox’s red coloration and the white tip of its tail.

Transformation: The fox undergoes a physical change, turning red due to his emotional state.

Trickster: The fox, often depicted as a cunning figure in various cultures, attempts to use his wit to catch the goslings but ultimately fails.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


A fox was going along. Hungry he was as he went along. Presently he saw yonder a brood of goslings, and their mother too, going with them. So he ran after them, and began to sing. Hungry as he was, he sang while he ran, “I shall have your tender breast-bone to sleep on! I shall have your tender breast-bone to sleep on!” Then they came to where there was water, and right in front of him they plunged in. Close to the edge of the water he walked along slowly in a rage; (so that) he turned red all over, except that the tip of his tail remained white.

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Little-Hawk

A mother hawk diligently hunts mice to feed her five offspring. A raven observes and criticizes her parenting, suggesting she should teach her young to eat only dog meat. The mother hawk retorts that while raven chicks consume only dog, her children eat various animals. This exchange highlights differing dietary habits and perhaps underlying cultural values.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The hawk family faces hunger, a natural challenge, prompting the mother to hunt for mice to feed her children.

Cunning and Deception: The Raven attempts to deceive or provoke the Hawk by questioning her love and teaching methods towards her children.

Family Dynamics: The narrative focuses on the relationship between the mother hawk and her offspring, highlighting her efforts to provide for and nurture them.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Some Hawks sat in the shelter of a spruce. There were five children in the family, and with the mother they were six. They were hungry; and in the morning, before sunrise, the mother flew off to get mice for the children. She caught an abundance of mice, and put them beside her children, and tore them in pieces for them. “Come,” said she, “rejoice!” and she sang for them, –

Aiyuwo’ma, yuka’iuq cik.
Tcimu’qtiya’xya tatlie’myunu’k ka.

A Raven flew to the top of the spruce and spoke to her. “Oh, you don’t love them very well!” said he. “Say, do you teach them well to eat only dog?” The mother answered him angrily. “You scoundrel! Your children eat nothing but dog, my children eat only animals,” said she. Then Raven flew away from up there, angry.

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How the boys escaped

Two boys lose an arrow and discover a house containing a bowl of ice cream. After eating the treat, they hide inside the house but are found and swallowed by a woman who returns. Inside her stomach, they use a small knife and whetstone to cut their way out, successfully escaping.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The boys exhibit cunning behavior by hiding and later devising a plan to escape from the woman’s stomach.

Conflict with Nature: The boys face a life-threatening situation within a natural setting and must use their wits to survive.

Trials and Tribulations: The boys undergo a series of challenges, from losing their arrow to being swallowed and finding a way to escape.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Two boys were shooting with arrows, and the arrow of one of them was lost; and they searched for it, and found a house, and went up on the roof. Down there on the floor, in a big bowl, was some ice-cream; and they went into the house and ate it. Then one of them got under a stone, and the other got under a pillow, and there they staid. Soon some one came stamping in. And she kicked the bowl, and said, “Who ate what was in you?” “There’s one of them under that stone, and the other is under the pillow,” said she, and she swallowed them. And they were in her belly. Then one of them took out a little knife, and the other took out a little whetstone, and they cut open her stomach and jumped out.

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Children and giantess

A giantess deceives children into her garments, intending to cook them. A bird aids their escape, replacing them with sticks and stones. Upon discovering the ruse, the giantess attempts to capture them but overexerts herself and bursts, releasing various fish and human bones. The children transform into birds and find her dwelling filled with human remains.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The children, with the bird’s assistance, use cunning to escape and deceive the giantess.

Conflict with Nature: The children face a natural threat in the form of the giantess and must navigate their environment to escape her.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts lessons about the dangers of trusting strangers and the value of cleverness in overcoming threats.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Some boys and girls were playing on the ice. “Hark!” said one of them; and they heard an old woman singing in the bushes. Soon she came in sight, and they saw that she was very large. She told them that she had plenty of nice things in her house, and that if they would wait for her, she would go and get them for them. They said that they would; and to make sure, she put all the boys into her parka and tied it up, and then took off her breeches and put the girls into them and tied them up, and went away. When she had gone, a little Bird came and sat on. the outside of the parka, and told the boys that the old woman had lied to them. One of them told the Bird that he had some fine paint, and that if he would let them out, he would paint him in beautiful colors.

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So the Bird pulled at the string until he had untied it, and the boys came out and filled the parka with sticks and tied it up again. Then they let the girls out, and filled the breeches with stones and tied them up again; and then they all got upon the Bird’s back, and he carried them to a distance, and they all sat down to see what would happen. Soon they saw the old woman coming back, followed by her slut. She had a large wooden bowl and a spoon; and she was singing, “Now I shall have some nice brain-soup!” When she came near the parka, she called out, “Here are the nice things that I promised you!” and then she took her knife and slit the parka open, but found nothing but sticks inside. Then she went to the breeches and cut them open; but her knife struck the rocks, which dulled it. One of the boys laughed so loudly that she heard him; but the ice had now melted, and there was a stream between them. So the boys mocked her, and told her that if she should drink the water up, she could get them. She put her mouth down and drank in one place, and the water went down a little. Then she drank in another place, and it went down still more. Then she drank in another place, and it all disappeared, so that she might have got them; but the effort proved too much for her, and she burst open; and out of her came white whales, ling, pike and all kinds of fish, men’s bones, and other things. The children were changed to birds and flew to her house, where they saw a great many bones of men and boys and girls.


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Fishing for husbands

In a large family of sisters, the eldest catches a husband by fishing him out of the water with a hook. Inspired, the second sister attempts the same but fails due to her wickedness. She later behaves inappropriately towards her brothers-in-law, leading to her family’s disappearance. Left alone, she mourns until a man in a canoe offers to reunite her with her sisters, taking her to a distant village.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The second sister undergoes an emotional journey from wickedness to remorse, leading to a change in her circumstances.

Family Dynamics: The story explores relationships among the sisters, highlighting themes of jealousy, rivalry, and reconciliation.

Loss and Renewal: The second sister experiences the loss of her family and later finds a form of renewal upon reuniting with her sisters in the distant village.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Told by Walter, of Anvik

There was a big family of girls, and the second sister was a wicked little thing. In the summer all these girls made fish-nets, and caught a supply of fish for winter use; and in the winter they made snares. So they kept themselves well supplied with food.

One winter the older sister made a fish-hook, and then she made a hole in the ice and let the hook down into the water. She felt something on the hook, and pulled it up, and found that she had an old wooden bowl. She let it down again, and felt something else, and tried to pull it up, but it was very heavy. So she pulled very hard, and at last she pulled out something tied up in a bag. She opened it, and found that there was somebody inside. She ran up on the bank; but some one overtook her and caught her, and she saw that it was a fine young man.

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“What are you afraid of?” said he. “I am afraid of you,” said she. “Well,” said he, “let us go down and get my things!” So she went down with him, and she saw that there was a good sled.

Then he got all his things, and they went into the house. And when the girls saw them, they all had a fit of bashfulness; but the second sister spoke, and said, “Where did you get your husband?” “I caught him in the water with a fish-hook,” said she. “I want to get one, too,” said the second sister. Then they all went fishing, and all had good luck but the second sister. She got no husband, because she was not a good girl.

Now, the young men all went hunting deer, and they had good luck; and after the hunt they all went into the kashime. And that bad girl, made eyes at her brothers-in-law; and all her sisters said to her, “Don’t make eyes at your brothers;” but she said, “I don’t care.” After that, she said to her oldest sister, “How did you get your husband?” And she said, “Well, you make a hole in the ice, and let your fish-hook down into the water; and when you get a bite, you pull hard; and if you find a bag on the hook, you must not be afraid, but open it right away.” “I’ll do it,” she said. So she went and made a hole in the ice, and let down her hook; and pretty soon she felt something on it. She tried to pull it up, but it was too heavy. Then she saw that it was a big bag, and she became frightened and ran up to the house; and all her brothers and sisters dove down into the water; and when she went to the house, there was nobody there. So she did nothing but cry all the time; and when it came springtime, she made herself a little house, but still she did nothing but cry all the time.

When it came summer, she saw a man coming in a canoe. “Why are you crying?” said he. “Because I want to see my sisters,” said she. “Well,” said he, “get into my canoe, and I will take you to them.” So she got into his canoe, and he took her about one day’s journey, and they came in sight of a big village; and she went ashore, and there she found the sisters that she loved.


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A sentimental journey

A young man embarks on a lengthy canoe journey, encountering several empty kashimes (communal houses) along the river. After reaching the sea, he discovers another kashime and meets two girls. He offers a dog-skin parka to one, who declines, while the other accepts and becomes his wife. They settle together, with the man providing abundantly through seal hunting. Despite his suggestion to visit her home, she fears losing him to her friend, so they remain where they are.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Quest: The young man’s extended journey down the river in his canoe signifies a quest, as he explores unknown territories and encounters new experiences.

Love and Betrayal: The young man’s proposal to the two girls, followed by one girl’s rejection and the other’s acceptance, introduces elements of love and the potential for betrayal.

Community and Isolation: The narrative contrasts the young man’s initial isolation during his solo journey with his eventual establishment of a new community with his wife.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Told by Walter, of Anvik

There was a young man travelling down the river with his canoe full of his belongings. After about twenty-five days he saw a big kashime on the shore; so he got out and went up, but found nobody there. He lay down on the shelf and slept that night; and in the morning he got up and went on down the river for about ten days, when he saw another big kashime. Again he went up; but he found nobody, and he went in and slept on the shelf that night. In the morning he got up and went on down the river in his canoe for about fifteen days, until he came to the sea. “Where shall I go now?” thought he. So he went ashore to take a walk, and saw another big kashime, and went in and lay down, and went to sleep. Soon he heard a noise, and he got up to listen, and heard two girls talking outside; so he went back and lay down again.

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One of the girls said, “See that canoe, all full of things! Let’s look in the kashime!” So the two girls went into the kashime, and saw the young man asleep on the shelf; and one of them said, “Oh, my! what a fine young man! That’s the one for you.” But the other girl said nothing; and the one who spoke first said, “Let’s go out and look at his canoe!” So the two girls went out; and soon the young man followed them, -and found them looking at his canoe. “Well,” said he, “what are you looking at my canoe for?” “That is not your canoe, it is mine.” Then he said to the girls, “I’d like to marry one of you.” And the girls said, “Yes, sir.” And he went to his canoe and took out a bag full of something, and drew out from it a little dog-skin parka, and handed it to one of them; but she said, “I don’t care to wear a dog-skin parka. The other one, however, said, “I’d like to wear it;” and the one who refused ran away. So the young man said to the one who remained, “Do you want to go home too?” but she said, “I don’t want to go home, because I like you.” So he took her, and that night they slept in the kashime; and early in the morning the young man got up and took his canoe, and went off to hunt for seals. And he killed plenty of seals, and brought them all to the shore; and then he went back to the kashime and found that his wife had not waked up yet, so he went back to bed.

After a while his wife woke up and went outside and saw plenty of seals on the shore. So she went in and asked her husband who killed all the seals on the shore. “I killed them this morning,” said he. “Oh, my!” said she, “that’s plenty of seal.” “You better get up: it will take you all day to dress them.” So they got up and went out, and worked over them all day, and they had plenty of seal-oil. When they had finished, the man said, “Who is that girl that came with you before I got married to you?” And she said, “That’s my friend.” Then he said, “Let’s go to your home!” But she said, “I don’t think I care to go back home, because, if you find my friend there, I think you will send me away, and then I shall be sorry.” And her husband said, “No, I couldn’t do that.” So they did not go to the girl’s home, but settled down where they were.


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The chief’s son and the ghoul

In a large village, a chief’s two sons embarked on a hunting journey. Each night, one brother mysteriously died, only to reappear the next evening, claiming the other had left without him. This cycle repeated until they reached the ocean, where they parted ways, agreeing not to look back. The elder brother then encountered a sled laden with dead men, driven by a small old man.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Resurrection: Both brothers die multiple times and come back to life, highlighting the theme of returning from death.

Journey to the Otherworld: The brothers’ travels, especially onto the ocean and their eventual separation, can symbolize a venture into unknown or otherworldly realms.

Loss and Renewal: The repeated deaths and resurrections represent cycles of loss and renewal within the story.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


Once there was a large village where a chief lived who had two sons who were old enough to go out hunting. One evening, when they went to bed, they agreed to go out hunting together the next day; so in the middle of the night they got up and dressed themselves, and got their snowshoes and started out.

They walked all that day; and when evening came, they made their camp, and the next morning they started again. Twice they camped in this way, and on the third evening they made their camp as usual; but the next morning when the older brother got up, he found that his younger brother had been eaten by mice and other small animals during the night.

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Then he wailed for him long and loud, and afterward he left him lying in the camp, and started on again. He walked all day, and in the evening he made his camp; and after he had built the fire, as he sat weeping for his brother, he heard a noise in the direction from which he had come; but he did not look up. Then some one said, “What is the matter? What are you crying for?” and he looked up, and saw his brother standing by the fire and smiling at him. “I thought that you were dead,” said he, “and that you had been eaten up by the mice.” — “You are mistaken,” said his brother, “you only failed to tell me that you were going, that was all.” So they had their supper and went to bed; and in the morning the younger of them got up, and found that the elder had been eaten up by the mice, too. And after he had cried for him, he left him lying in the camp, and went on.

At the end of the day’s walk he made a camp; and no sooner had he made a fire and sat down, than he heard a noise. So he looked up, and saw that his brother was coming into the camp; and his brother said, “Why is it that you did not wait for me this morning?” “Well,” said the younger one, “I did not wake you up, because you had been eaten up by mice and some other little animals.”

Now, the next morning the older brother got up and found that his brother had been eaten again; but this time he did not cry, because he knew that he would come to life again. So he left him there and went on his way, and did not stop to rest all day until he found a place to make his camp.

When he had found a good place, he camped and made his fire; and as he sat by the fire, he heard a noise again, as he had the day before, and looked up and saw that it was his brother. “Why is it,” said he, “that you did not let me know when you were starting this morning?” “Well,” said his brother, “I could not let you know when you had died and were eaten by mice.”

The younger brother was eaten three times, and the older brother was eaten four times, and after that it did not happen to them again.

So they travelled along without any more trouble until they came to the ocean. They went right straight out upon the ocean; and finally they stopped and said to each other, “We cannot travel together this way all the time.” So the older said to the younger, “You shall go south, and I will go north. You must not look back when you have left me.” So they left each other, and neither turned to look back.

As the older brother was going on his way, he saw something on the ice in the distance. It was too far away to tell what it was; but as he came nearer, he saw that it was a great sled loaded down with dead men, and that there was a little old man behind it. The sled ran as fast as though nine dogs were pulling it; and the old man had a hatchet behind his head, which he pulled out, and with it he attacked the young man and tried to kill him. But the young man was too much for him, and he was unable to kill him. By and by the young man took away his hatchet; and the old man said, “My grandson, I did not intend to kill you, I was just fooling. Sit on the sled among the dead people.” The young man said, “Are you sure that you will not kill me?” “I am sure,” said he. So the young man got into the sled; and the old man pushed it, big as it was; and it ran along as easily as could be. In the evening they came to a kashime. There were no other houses, except a brush-house, standing beside the kashime. The old man took all the dead men into the brush-house, and the young man went into the kashime and fixed himself up nicely, as the old man had told him to do. Then the old man gave the younger one some king-salmon and some icecream, and everything that he called for.

After the young man had gone to bed, the old man went out and built a fire in the brush-house, and staid there all night; but he had told the young man not to go out during the night. In the morning the young man got up and found the old man sleeping, and he looked into the brush-house and saw nothing. The dead men had all been eaten up. He went back to the kashime-, and by and by the old man woke up and came in and gave him food again, the same as he had done the day before.

Then the old man took the big sled again and went into the woods, and after a while he brought it back loaded down with spruce hens. He put these also into the brush-house. During the night he ate everything up again. The next day he remained at home all day; and the following morning he said, “My grandson, today there will be strangers here. I am glad of this.” In the afternoon the young man went out and saw some strangers coming, all in line, with axes and spears in their hands, intending to kill the old man. The young man told the other that they were close to the place; and the old man dressed himself and put his girdle around him, and took his axe and went out to meet them. But he told the young man to stay in the house, and not to go out until the fight was over. Then they began to fight, and there was a great noise outside for a long time; and then the young man went out, and found that the strangers had all been killed by the old man. Not one was left alive. Then he helped the old man to put them into the brushhouse; and there were so many of them, that it was late in the evening before they finished.

The old man staid in the brush-house again all night, among the dead people, and the next day he brought in another sled-ful of grouse. The day after that he staid in bed again all day, sleeping; and the following day he said, “My grandson, there will be more strangers here today, and you must fight them this time. I think you will be all right.” In the afternoon more people came than the last time; and when they drew near, the young man went out to meet them and killed them all, as the old man had done. He filled the big sled with them, and brought it to the brush-house and put them into it; and the old man passed the night cooking them.

The next day the old man told the younger one to take the big sled and get some grouse. “Where can I find them?” said he. The old man said, “You will find them all in one tree. Take my arrow and shoot to one side of the tree, and they will all fall down.” The young man went away; but he had not gone far, when he saw a big tree filled with grouse. Every branch was loaded down. There was one grouse larger than all the rest, sitting on the lowest branch. He had great eyes, and was looking straight at him. The young man tried to shoot him in the eye; but the arrow glanced upward, and did not strike him. But the other grouse all fell down dead, while the big one still sat looking at him.

He brought the grouse back to the brush-house and put them into it; and then he went into the kashime and found the old man there, but something was the matter with his eyes. “Grandfather,” said he, “what is the matter?” but the old man did not answer. Then the young man remembered that he had shot close to the big grouse, and he told him about it; and the old man opened his eyes wide, and was sick no more.

The next morning the old man said, “We had better go to see your grandmother.” The young man agreed; and the old man brought out the big sled, and fitted up a little place at the back with deer-skins, and had the young man get into it; and he put in a man’s rib with the meat on it, and lashed it in so that it could not fall off. Then he hitched a great harness made of brownbear skin to the sled, told the young man not to peep, but to keep himself under the skins, and started off. In the evening they came to a house. Then the old man told the younger one to get out of the sled and tell his grandmother to come out and see the dead people; and the young man saw that the sled was full of dead bodies, but he did not know where they came from, for he had seen only one rib put into the sled. So he went into the house, and all at once he heard the old woman saying, “Here comes some fresh deer-meat!” but the old man said, “It is your grandson, you must not kill him.” They unloaded the sled and went into the house; and the old people made ice-cream for the young man, and they began to eat the dead people, but they would not allow the young man to eat with them.

The next morning the young man said that he would like to go to see his father and mother; and they made two bowls of ice-cream for him, and put them into the sled, and made a little place for him in the sled, and the young man got in, and that evening he was at home.

When he came near to the house, he saw some women crying, as though some one were dead. He left the sled in the woods; and when he tried to get into the house, he could not (for want of strength), so he fell head-first over the porch and fainted. When he came to himself, he found himself in bed, with his father and mother on either side of him. He opened his eyes slowly, as though he were at the point of death, and said, “Mother!” “My son,” said his mother, “is that surely you? You are out of your mind (Ni ye’ge” tuxaiudu’t, qwuta’).” — “No,” said he, “I am not crazy, I am all right, but where is my brother?” His father said, “My son, your brother has been dead for a long time.” Then he got better every day, until he was well, and they lived there together.


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