The Origin of Death

This folktale explains why the hare’s nose is slit. The Moon sent an insect to tell humans they would die and live again, as she does. The hare intercepted, changed the message to say humans would die permanently, and delivered it. Angry, the Moon struck the hare’s nose, leaving it permanently marked as a symbol of his deceit.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: This tale explains the origin of death among humans, detailing how a miscommunicated message from the Moon led to the current human condition of mortality.

Trickster: The hare serves as a trickster figure, altering the Moon’s original message to humans, which results in significant consequences for mankind.

Divine Punishment: The Moon punishes the hare for delivering the wrong message by striking its nose, leading to the hare’s distinctive split nose as a lasting mark of its deceit.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen
Learn more about the Zulu people


The Moon, it is said, sent once an Insect to Men, saying, “Go thou to Men, and tell them, ‘As I die, and dying live, so ye shall also die, and dying live.'” The Insect started with the message, but whilst on his way was overtaken by the Hare, who asked: “On what errand art thou bound?” The Insect answered: “I am sent by the Moon to Men, to tell them that as she dies, and dying lives, they also shall die, and dying live.” The Hare said, “As thou art an awkward runner, let me go” (to take the message). With these words he ran off, and when he reached Men, he said, “I am sent by the Moon to tell you, ‘As I die, and dying perish, in the same manner ye shall also die and come wholly to an end.'”

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Then the Hare returned to the Moon, and told her what he had said to Men. The Moon reproached him angrily, saying, “Darest thou tell the people a thing which I have not said?” With these words she took up a piece of wood, and struck him on the nose. Since that day the Hare’s nose is slit.

A Second Version

The Moon dies, and rises to life again. The Moon said to the Hare, “Go thou to Men, and tell them, ‘Like as I die and rise to life again, so you also shall die and rise to life again.'” The Hare went to the Men, and said, “Like as I die and do not rise to life again, so you shall also die, and not rise to life again.” When he returned the Moon asked “What hast thou said?” “I have told them, ‘Like as I die and do not rise to life again, so you shall also die and not rise to life again.'” “What,” said the Moon, “hast thou said that?” And she took a stick and beat the Hare on his mouth, which was slit by the blow. The Hare fled, and is still fleeing.

A Third Version

The Moon, on one occasion, sent the Hare to the earth to inform Men that as she (the Moon) died away and rose again, so mankind should die and rise again. Instead, however, of delivering this message as given, the Hare, either out of forgetfulness or malice, told mankind that as the Moon rose and died away, so Man should die and rise no more. The Hare, having returned to the Moon, was questioned as to the message delivered, and the Moon, having heard the true state of the case, became so enraged with him that she took up a hatchet to split his head; falling short, however, of that, the hatchet fell upon the upper lip of the Hare, and cut it severely. Hence it is that we see the “Hare-lip.” The Hare, being duly incensed at having received such treatment, raised his claws, and scratched the Moon’s face; and the dark spots which we now see on the surface of the Moon are the scars which she received on that occasion.

A Fourth Version

The Moon, they say, wished to send a message to Men, and the Hare said that he would take it. “Run, then,” said the Moon, “and tell Men that as I die and am renewed, so shall they also be renewed.” But the Hare deceived Men, and said, “As I die and perish, so shall you also.”

A Zulu Version

God (Unknlunkuln) arose from beneath (the seat of the spiritual world, according to the Zulu idea), and created in the beginning men, animals, and all things. He then sent for the Chameleon, and said, “Go, Chameleon, and tell Men that they shall not die.” The Chameleon went, but it walked slowly, and loitered on the way, eating of a shrub called Bukwebezane.

When it had been away some time, God sent the Salamander after it, ordering him to make haste and tell Men that they should die. The Salamander went on his way with this message, outran the Chameleon, and, arriving first where the Men were, told them that they must die.


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Lion’s Defeat

The animals once gathered at Lion’s. While Lion slept, Jackal tricked Little Fox into tying Lion’s tail to a shrub with ostrich sinews. When Lion awoke, he angrily interrogated the animals. All denied guilt except Little Fox, who confessed. Lion broke free and chased Little Fox but failed to catch him, proving Jackal’s boast of Little Fox’s speed. Lion was defeated.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Jackal plays the role of the cunning trickster by persuading Little Fox to tie Lion’s tail, leading to Lion’s embarrassment.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the mischievous yet harmless intentions of the animals against Lion’s potential for violence, illustrating the struggle between opposing forces.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts lessons about the consequences of pride and the value of intelligence over physical power.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The wild animals, it is said, were once assembled at Lion’s. When Lion was asleep, Jackal persuaded Little Fox to twist a rope of ostrich sinews, in order to play Lion a trick. They took ostrich sinews, twisted them, and fastened the rope to Lion’s tail, and the other end of the rope they tied to a shrub. When Lion awoke, and saw that he was tied up, he became angry, and called the animals together. When they had assembled, Lion said (using this form of conjuration):

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“What child of his mother and father’s love,
Whose mother and father’s love has tied me?”

Then answered the animal to whom the question was first put:

“I, child of my mother and father’s love,
I, mother and father’s love, I have not done it.”

All answered the same; but when he asked Little Fox, Little Fox said:

“I, child of my mother and father’s love,
I, mother and father’s love, have tied thee!”

Then Lion tore the rope made of sinews, and ran after Little Fox. But Jackal said:

 “My boy, thou son of lean Mrs. Fox, thou wilt never be caught.”

Truly Lion was thus beaten in running by Little Fox.


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Horse Cursed by Sun

The Sun once tried to ride the Horse, but the Horse could not bear its weight. The Ox took its place, and the Sun cursed the Horse, decreeing it would have a fixed time of death, endless grazing without satisfaction, and perpetual unrest. This curse marked the beginning of the Horse’s mortality and discontent.

Source:
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Divine Punishment: The Sun curses the Horse for its inability to bear his weight, decreeing a fixed time of death and perpetual dissatisfaction.

Supernatural Beings: The Sun is portrayed as a powerful entity capable of interacting directly with animals and imposing curses.

Transformation: The Horse undergoes a transformation from a state of contentment to one of eternal unrest and mortality due to the Sun’s curse.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


It is said that once Sun was on earth, and caught Horse to ride it. But it was unable to bear his weight, and therefore Ox took the place of Horse, and carried Sun on its back. Since that time Horse is cursed in these words, because it could not carry Sun’s weight:

“From to-day thou shalt have a (certain) time of dying.
This is thy curse, that thou hast a (certain) time of dying.
And day and night shalt thou eat,
But the desire of thy heart shall not be at rest,
Though thou grazest till morning and again until sunset.
Behold, this is the judgment which I pass upon thee,” said Sun.

Since that day Horse’s (certain) time of dying commenced.

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Why Has Jackal a Long Black Stripe on His Back?

The tale explains how the jackal’s back became black. Men ignored the Sun sitting by the wayside, but the curious jackal picked it up and carried it on his back. When the Sun began to burn him, he tried to shake it off, but it stuck, leaving his back permanently scorched.

Source:
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the natural phenomenon of the jackal’s black stripe.

Transformation: The jackal undergoes a physical change due to his interaction with the Sun.

Supernatural Beings: The Sun is personified, influencing the events of the story.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The Sun, it is said, was one day on earth, and the men who were travelling saw him sitting by the wayside, but passed him without notice. Jackal, however, who came after them, and saw him also sitting, went to him and said, “Such a fine little child is left behind by the men.” He then took Sun up, and put it into his awa-skin (on his back). When it burnt him, he said, “Get down,” and shook himself; but Sun stuck fast to his back, and burnt Jackal’s back black from that day.

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Lion Who Took a Woman’s Shape

A woman’s quest for food turns into a tragic and magical tale. After encountering a lion and enduring a deadly pursuit, she is devoured and replaced by the lion disguised in her skin. Her family discovers the deception, kills the lion, and miraculously revives the woman from her heart. Restored to life, she resumes her duties but chooses to remain unmarried.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The lion uses disguise to infiltrate the woman’s household, highlighting themes of trickery.

Resurrection: The woman is miraculously revived from her heart after being devoured by the lion.

Family Dynamics: The story explores the interactions and bonds within the woman’s family, especially in their response to her disappearance and the lion’s deception.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Some Women, it is said, went out to seek roots and herbs and other wild food. On their way home they sat down and said, “Let us taste the food of the field.” Now they found that the food picked by one of them was sweet, while that of the others was bitter. The latter said to each other, “Look here! this Woman’s herbs are sweet.” Then they said to the owner of the sweet food, “Throw it away and seek for other.” So she threw away the food, and went to gather more. When she had collected a sufficient supply, she returned to join the other Women, but could not find them.

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She went therefore down to the river, where Hare sat lading water, and said to him, “Hare, give me some water that I may drink.” But he replied, “This is the cup out of which my uncle (Lion) and I alone may drink.”

She asked again: “Hare, draw water for me that I may drink.” But Hare made the same reply. Then she snatched the cup from him and drank, but he ran home to tell his uncle of the outrage which had been committed.

The Woman meanwhile replaced the cup and went away. After she had departed Lion came down, and, seeing her in the distance, pursued her on the road. When she turned round and saw him coming, she sang in the following manner:

“My mother, she would not let me seek herbs,
Herbs of the field, food from the field. Hoo!”

When Lion at last came up with the Woman, they hunted each other round a shrub. She wore many beads and arm-rings, and Lion said, “Let me put them on!” So she lent them to him, but he afterwards refused to return them to her.

They then hunted each other again round the shrub, till Lion fell down, and the Woman jumped upon him, and kept him there. Lion (uttering a form of conjuration) said:

“My Aunt! it is morning, and time to rise;
Pray, rise from me!”

She then rose from him, and they hunted again after each other round the shrub, till the Woman fell down, and Lion jumped upon her. She then addressed him:

“My Uncle! it is morning, and time to rise;
Pray, rise from me!”

He rose, of course, and they hunted each other again, till Lion fell a second time. When she jumped upon him he said:

“My Aunt! it is morning, and time to rise;
Pray, rise from me!”

They rose again and hunted after each other. The Woman at last fell down. But this time when she repeated the above conjuration, Lion said:

“Hè Kha! Is it morning, and time to rise?”

He then ate her, taking care, however, to leave her skin whole, which he put on, together with her dress and ornaments, so that he looked quite like a woman, and then went home to her kraal.

When this counterfeit woman arrived, her little sister, crying, said, “My sister, pour some milk out for me.” She answered, “I shall not pour you out any.” Then the Child addressed their Mother: “Mama, do pour out some for me.” The Mother of the kraal said, “Go to your sister, and let her give it to you!” The little Child said again to her sister, “Please, pour out for me!” She, however, repeated her refusal, saying, “I will not do it.” Then the Mother of the kraal said to the little One, “I refused to let her (the elder sister) seek herbs in the field, and I do not know what may have happened; go therefore to Hare, and ask him to pour out for you.”

So then Hare gave her some milk; but her elder sister said, “Come and share it with me.” The little Child then went to her sister with her bamboo (cup), and they both sucked the milk out of it. Whilst they were doing this, some milk was spilt on the little one’s hand, and the elder sister licked it up with her tongue, the roughness of which drew blood; this, too, the Woman licked up.

The little Child complained to her Mother: “Mama, sister pricks holes in me and sucks the blood.” The Mother said, “With what Lion’s nature your sister went the way that I forbade her, and returned, I do not know.”

Now the Cows arrived, and the elder sister cleansed the pails in order to milk them. But when she approached the Cows with a thong (in order to tie their fore-legs), they all refused to be milked by her.

Hare said, “Why do not you stand before the Cow?” She replied, “Hare, call your brother, and do you two stand before the Cow.” Her husband said, “What has come over her that the Cows refuse her? These are the same Cows she always milks.” The Mother (of the kraal) said, “What has happened this evening? These are Cows which she always milks without assistance. What can have affected her that she comes home as a woman with a Lion’s nature?”

The elder daughter then said to her Mother, “I shall not milk the Cows.” With these words she sat down. The Mother said therefore to Hare, “Bring me the bamboos, that I may milk. I do not know what has come over the girl.”

So the Mother herself milked the cows, and when she had done so, Hare brought the bamboos to the young wife’s house, where her husband was, but she (the wife) did not give him (her husband) anything to eat. But when at night time she fell asleep, they saw some of the Lion’s hair, which was hanging out where he had slipped on the Woman’s skin, and they cried, “Verily! this is quite another being. It is for this reason that the Cows refused to be milked.”

Then the people of the kraal began to break up the hut in which Lion lay asleep. When they took off the mats, they said (conjuring them), “If thou art favourably inclined to me, O Mat, give the sound ‘sawa'” (meaning, making no noise).

To the poles (on which the hut rested) they said, “If thou art favourably inclined to me, O Pole, thou must give the sound ‘gara.'”

They addressed also the bamboos and the bed-skins in a similar manner.

Thus gradually and noiselessly they removed the hut and all its contents. Then they took bunches of grass, put them over the Lion, and lighting them, said, “If thou art favourably inclined to me, O Fire, thou must flare up, ‘boo boo,’ before thou comest to the heart.”

So the Fire flared up when it came towards the heart, and the heart of the Woman jumped upon the ground. The Mother (of the kraal) picked it up, and put it into a calabash.

Lion, from his place in the fire, said to the Mother (of the kraal), “How nicely I have eaten your daughter.” The Woman answered, “You have also now a comfortable place!”

Now the Woman took the first milk of as many Cows as had calves, and put it into the calabash where her daughter’s heart was; the calabash increased in size, and in proportion to this the girl grew again inside it.

One day, when the Mother (of the kraal) went out to fetch wood, she said to Hare, “By the time that I come back you must have everything nice and clean.” But during her Mother’s absence, the girl crept out of the calabash, and put the hut in good order, as she had been used to do in former days, and said to Hare, “When Mother comes back and asks, ‘Who has done these things?’ you must say, ‘I, Hare, did them.'” After she had done all, she hid herself on the stage.

When the Mother of the kraal came home, she said, “Hare, who has done these things? They look just as they used when my daughter did them.” Hare said, “I did the things.” But the Mother would not believe it, and looked at the calabash. Seeing it was empty, she searched the stage and found her daughter. Then she embraced and kissed her, and from that day the girl stayed with her Mother, and did everything as she was wont in former times; but she now remained unmarried.


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Lion Who Thought Himself Wiser Than His Mother

Lion and Gurikhoisip quarreled over who would go to the rain-field, ultimately parting angrily. Ignoring his mother’s warning about Man’s weapons and dogs, Lion ambushed Gurikhoisip. Gurikhoisip, aided by his dogs, speared Lion, who fled wounded. Despite his mother’s earlier cautions, Lion succumbed to his injuries while lamenting. His mother mourned him, recalling her warnings about Gurikhoisip’s strength and weapons.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Tragic Flaw: Lion’s arrogance and overconfidence result in his demise.

Moral Lessons: The narrative teaches the importance of heeding wise counsel and the consequences of hubris.

Family Dynamics: The interaction between Lion and his mother highlights familial relationships and the impact of defying parental guidance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


It is said that when Lion and Gurikhoisip (the Only man), together with Baboon, Buffalo, and other friends, were playing one day at a certain game, there was a thunderstorm and rain at Aroxaams. Lion and Gurikhoisip began to quarrel. “I shall run to the rain-field,” said Lion. Gurikhoisip said also, “I shall run to the rain-field.” As neither would concede this to the other, they separated (angrily). After they had parted, Lion went to tell his Mother those things which they had both said.

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His Mother said to him, “My son! that Man whose head is in a line with his shoulders and breast, who has pinching weapons, who keeps white dogs, who goes about wearing the tuft of a tiger’s tail, beware of him!” Lion, however, said, “Why need I be on my guard against those whom I know?” Lioness answered, “My Son, take care of him who has pinching weapons!” But Lion would not follow his Mother’s advice, and the same morning, when it was still pitch dark, he went to Aroxaams, and laid himself in ambush. Gurikhoisip went also that morning to the same place. When he had arrived he let his dogs drink, and then bathe. After they had finished they wallowed. Then also Man drank; and, when he had done drinking, Lion came out of the bush. Dogs surrounded him as his Mother had foretold, and he was speared by Gurikhoisip. Just as he became aware that he was speared, the Dogs drew him down again. In this manner he grew faint. While he was in this state, Gurikhoisip said to the Dogs, “Let him alone now, that he may go and be taught by his Mother.” So the Dogs let him go. They left him, and went home as he lay there. The same night he walked towards home, but whilst he was on the way his strength failed him, and he lamented:

“Mother! take me up!
Grandmother! take me up! Oh me! Alas!”

At the dawn of day his Mother heard his wailing, and said–

“My Son, this is the thing which I have told thee:
“‘Beware of the one who has pinching weapons,
Who wears a tuft of tiger’s tail,
Of him who has white dogs!
Alas! thou son of her who is short-eared,
Thou, my short-eared child!
Son of her who eats raw flesh,
Thou flesh-devourer;
Son of her whose nostrils are red from the prey,
Thou with blood-stained nostrils!
Son of her who drinks pit-water,
Thou water-drinker!'”


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When Lion Could Fly

Lion once had the power to fly, making him invincible. He entrusted White Crows to guard bones at his kraal while hunting. When Great Frog broke the bones and challenged Lion to find him at a pool, Lion lost his flight. Despite attempting to catch Frog, Lion failed, forcing him to hunt on foot. The White Crows fell silent, unable to explain the events.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Great Frog’s clever actions lead to Lion’s downfall, showcasing the use of wit to outsmart a more powerful adversary.

Mythical Creatures: The tale features anthropomorphic animals with extraordinary abilities, such as a flying lion and a talking frog.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about the consequences of pride and the effectiveness of intelligence over brute strength.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Lion, it is said, used once to fly, and at that time nothing could live before him. As he was unwilling that the bones of what he caught should be broken into pieces, he made a pair of White Crows watch the bones, leaving them behind at the kraal whilst he went a-hunting. But one day Great Frog came there, broke the bones in pieces, and said, “Why can men and animals live no longer?” And he added these words, “When he comes, tell him that I live at yonder pool; if he wishes to see me, he must come there.”

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Lion, lying in wait (for game), wanted to fly up, but found he could not fly. Then he got angry, thinking that at the kraal something was wrong, and returned home. When he arrived he asked, “What have you done that I cannot fly?” Then they answered and said, “Some one came here, broke the bones into pieces, and said, ‘If he want me, he may look for me at yonder pool!'” Lion went, and arrived while Frog was sitting at the water’s edge, and he tried to creep stealthily upon him. When he was about to get hold of him, Frog said, “Ho!” and, diving, went to the other side of the pool, and sat there. Lion pursued him; but as he could not catch him he returned home.

From that day, it is said, Lion walked on his feet, and also began to creep upon (his game); and the White Crows became entirely dumb since the day that they said, “Nothing can be said of that matter.”


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The Zebra Stallion

A young zebra stallion grows up with the support of his herd and leads them to water amidst harassment from baboons. When confronted by a baboon, the stallion’s strength and anger prevail after a dispute over food, leaving the baboon with a bald spot. The tale explains the baboon’s bald back and highlights the zebra’s resilience.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the baboon’s bald back, providing a mythical origin for this physical trait.

Cunning and Deception: The baboon deceives the stallion by licking milk from his tongue, an act that leads to conflict.

Revenge and Justice: The stallion’s retaliation against the baboon for the deceit results in the baboon’s bald spot, serving as a form of justice.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The Baboons, it is said, used to disturb the Zebra Mares in drinking. But one of the Mares became the mother of a foal. The others then helped her to suckle (the young stallion), that he might soon grow up.

When he was grown up and they were in want of water, he brought them to the water. The Baboons, seeing this, came, as they formerly were used to do, into their way, and kept them from the water.

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While the Mares stood thus, the Stallion stepped forward, and spoke to one of the Baboons, “Thou gum-eater’s child!”

The Baboon said to the Stallion, “Please open thy mouth, that I may see what thou livest on.” The Stallion opened his mouth, and it was milky.

Then the Stallion said to the Baboon, “Please open thy mouth also, that I may see.” The Baboon did so, and there was some gum in it. But the Baboon quickly licked some milk off the Stallion’s tongue. The Stallion on this became angry, took the Baboon by his shoulders, and pressed him upon a hot, flat rock. Since that day the Baboon has a bald place on his back.

The Baboon said, lamenting, “I, my mother’s child, I, the gum-eater, am outdone by this milk-eater!”


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Lion and Baboon

Baboon cleverly avoided Lion’s attack by using deception. He placed shiny, eye-like plates on the back of his head, confusing Lion into thinking Baboon was watching him even when turned away. As Lion crept closer, Baboon feigned ignorance. When Lion finally leapt, Baboon dodged, causing Lion to fall off the precipice and perish, outwitted by Baboon’s quick thinking.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Baboon uses cunning and deception to outsmart Lion.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative showcases the battle between opposing forces, with Baboon representing good and Lion representing evil.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts a lesson on the value of intelligence over brute strength.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Baboon, it is said, once worked bamboos, sitting on the edge of a precipice, and Lion stole upon him. Baboon, however, had fixed some round, glistening, eye-like plates on the back of his head. When, therefore, Lion crept upon him, he thought, when Baboon was looking at him, that he sat with his back towards him, and crept with all his might upon him. When, however, Baboon turned his back towards him, Lion thought that he was seen, and hid himself. Thus, when Baboon looked at him, he crept upon him. [Whilst Baboon did this, Lion came close upon him.]

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When he was near him Baboon looked up, and Lion continued to creep upon him. Baboon said (aside), “Whilst I am looking at him he steals upon me, whilst my hollow eyes are on him.”

When at last Lion sprung at him, he lay (quickly) down upon his face, and Lion jumped over him, falling down the precipice, and was dashed to pieces.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Judgment of Baboon

A tailor, Itkler, accuses Mouse of tearing his clothes, sparking a blame game involving Cat, Dog, Wood, Fire, Water, Elephant, and Ant. Baboon resolves the dispute by ordering each to punish the other. This chain reaction sows lifelong discord among them. Itkler thanks Baboon, who renames himself and begins walking on all fours, a consequence of his peculiar judgment.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The characters engage in a series of accusations, each deflecting blame onto another, showcasing a web of deceit.

Revenge and Justice: Baboon’s unique method of resolving the dispute by ordering each character to punish the other reflects an unconventional pursuit of justice.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts lessons about the consequences of blame-shifting and the importance of accountability within a community.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Mouse had torn the clothes of Itkler (the tailor), who then went to Baboon, and accused Mouse with these words: “In this manner I come to thee: Mouse has torn my clothes, but will not know anything of it, and accuses Cat; Cat protests likewise her innocence, and says, ‘Dog must have done it’; but Dog denies it also, and declares Wood has done it; and Wood throws the blame on Fire, and says, ‘Fire did it’; Fire says, ‘I have not, Water did it’; Water says, ‘Elephant tore the clothes’; and Elephant says, ‘Ant tore them.’ Thus a dispute has arisen among them. Therefore, I, Itkler, come to thee with this proposition: Assemble the people and try them in order that I may get satisfaction.”

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Thus he spake, and Baboon assembled them for trial. Then they made the same excuses which had been mentioned by Itkler, each one putting the blame upon the other.

So Baboon did not see any other way of punishing them, save through making them punish each other; he therefore said,

“Mouse, give Itkler satisfaction.”

Mouse, however, pleaded not guilty. But Baboon said, “Cat, bite Mouse.” She did so.

He then put the same question to Cat, and when she exculpated herself, Baboon called to Dog, “Here, bite Cat.”

In this manner Baboon questioned them all, one after the other, but they each denied the charge. Then he addressed the following words to them, and said,

“Wood, beat Dog.
Fire, burn Wood.
Water, quench Fire.
Elephant, drink Water.
Ant, bite Elephant in his most tender parts.”

They did so, and since that day they cannot any longer agree with each other.

Ant enters into Elephant’s most tender parts and bites him.

Elephant swallows Water.
Water quenches Fire.
Fire consumes Wood.
Wood beats Dog.
Dog bites Cat.
And Cat bites Mouse.

Through this judgment Itkler got satisfaction and addressed Baboon in the following manner:

“Yes! Now I am content, since I have received satisfaction, and with all my heart I thank thee, Baboon, because thou hast exercised justice on my behalf and given me redress.”

Then Baboon said, “From to-day I will not any longer be called Jan, but Baboon shall be my name.”

Since that time Baboon walks on all fours, having probably lost the privilege of walking erect through this foolish judgment.


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