The Lion and the Jackal

Jackal, a cunning and deceptive character, gains a reputation as a “progressive man” through charm and pretense, despite his lack of real ability. He manipulates neighbors and cleverly turns a personal loss into a trend. Later, he convinces Tiger to entrust him with educating Tiger’s children, only to exploit the situation, ultimately deceiving Tiger and his family. Jackal’s schemes reveal his sly and opportunistic nature.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal employs his wit and deceit to manipulate others, such as convincing fellow jackals to cut off their tails and tricking the Tiger into entrusting him with his children.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about the consequences of deceit and the importance of discernment when trusting others.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal challenges societal norms and authority figures, such as the Lion’s proclamation, to serve his own interests.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Not because he was exactly the most capable or progressive fellow in the neighborhood, but because he always gave that idea–that is why Jackal slowly acquired among the neighbors the name of a “progressive man.” The truly well-bred people around him, who did not wish to hurt his feelings, seemed to apply this name to him, instead of, for instance, “cunning scamp,” or “all-wise rat-trap,” as so many others often dubbed him. He obtained this name of “a progressive man” because he spoke most of the time English, especially if he thought some of them were present who could not understand it, and also because he could always hold his body so much like a judge on public occasions.

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He had a smooth tongue, could make quite a favorable speech, and especially with good effect could he expatiate on the backwardness of others. Underneath he really was the most unlettered man in the vicinity, but he had perfect control over his inborn cunningness, which allowed him for a long time to go triumphantly through life as a man of great ability.

One time, for instance, he lost his tail in an iron trap. He had long attempted to reach the Boer’s goose pen, and had framed many good plans, but when he came to his senses, he was sitting in front of the goose pen with his tail in the iron trap, the dogs all the time coming for him. When he realized what it meant, he mustered together all his strength and pulled his tail, which he always thought so much of, clean off.

This would immediately have made him the butt of the whole neighborhood had he not thought of a plan. He called together a meeting of the jackals, and made them believe that Lion had issued a proclamation to the effect that all jackals in the future should be tailless, because their beautiful tails were a thorn in the eyes of more unfortunate animals.

In his smooth way he told them how he regretted that the king should have the barbaric right to interfere with his subjects. But so it was; and he thought the sooner he paid attention to it the safer. Therefore he had had his tail cut off already and he should advise all his friends to do the same. And so it happened that once all jackals for a long time were without tails. Later on they grew again.

It was about the same time that Tiger hired Jackal as a schoolmaster. Tiger was in those days the richest man in the surrounding country, and as he had had to suffer a great deal himself because he was so untutored, he wanted his children to have the best education that could be obtained.

It was shortly after a meeting, in which it was shown how important a thing an education was, that Tiger approached Jackal and asked him to come and teach his children.

Jackal was very ready to do this. It was not exactly his vocation, he said, but he would do it to pass time and just out of friendship for his neighbor. His and Tiger’s farm lands lay next each other.

That he did not make teaching his profession and that he possessed no degree was of no account in the eyes of Tiger.

“Do not praise my goodness so much, Cousin Jackal,” laughed he. “We know your worth well enough. Much rather would I intrust my offspring to you than to the many so-called schoolmasters, for it is especially my wish, as well as that of their mother, to have our children obtain a progressive education, and to make such men and women of them that with the same ability as you have they can take their lawful places in this world.”

“One condition,” said Jackal, “I must state. It will be very inconvenient for me, almost impossible, to come here to your farm and hold school. My own farm would in that case go to pieces, and that I cannot let happen. It would never pay me.”

Tiger answered that it was not exactly necessary either. In spite of their attachment to the little ones, they saw that it would probably be to their benefit to place them for a while in a stranger’s house.

Jackal then told of his own bringing up by Wolf. He remembered well how small he was when his father sent him away to study with Wolf. Naturally, since then, he had passed through many schools, Wolf was only his first teacher. And only in his later days did he realize how much good it had done him.

“A man must bend the sapling while it is still young,” said he. “There is no time that the child is so open to impressions as when he is plastic, about the age that most of your children are at present, and I was just thinking you would be doing a wise thing to send them away for quite a while.”

He had, fortunately, just then a room in his house that would be suited for a schoolroom, and his wife could easily make some arrangement for their lodging, even if they had to enlarge their dwelling somewhat.

It was then and there agreed upon. Tiger’s wife was then consulted about one thing and another, and the following day the children were to leave.

“I have just thought of one more thing,” remarked Jackal, “seven children, besides my little lot, will be quite a care on our hands, so you will have to send over each week a fat lamb, and in order not to disturb their progress, the children will have to relinquish the idea of a vacation spent with you for some time. When I think they have become used to the bit, I will inform you, and then you can come and take them to make you a short visit, but not until then.

“It is also better,” continued he, “that they do not see you for the first while, but your wife can come and see them every Saturday and I will see to all else.”

On the following day there was an unearthly howling and wailing when the children were to leave. But Tiger and their mother showed them that it was best and that some day they would see that it was all for their good, and that their parents were doing it out of kindness. Eventually they were gone.

The first Saturday dawned, and early that morning Mrs. Tiger was on her way to Jackal’s dwelling, because she could not defer the time any longer.

She was still a long way off when Jackal caught sight of her. He always observed neighborly customs, and so stepped out to meet her.

After they had greeted each other, Mrs. Tiger’s first question was: “Well, Cousin Jackal, how goes everything with the small team? Are they still all well and happy, and do they not trouble you, Cousin Jackal, too much?”

“Oh, my goodness, no, Mrs. Tiger,” answered Jackal enthusiastically, “but don’t let us talk so loud, because if they heard you, it certainly would cause them many heartfelt tears and they might also want to go back with you and then all our trouble would have been for nothing.”

“But I would like to see them, Cousin Jackal,” said Mrs. Tiger a little disturbed.

“Why certainly, Mrs. Tiger,” was his answer, “but I do not think it is wise for them to see you. I will lift them up to the window one by one, and then you can put your mind at rest concerning their health and progress.”

After Mr. and Mrs. Jackal and Mrs. Tiger had sat together for some time drinking coffee and talking over one thing and another, Jackal took Tiger’s wife to a door and told her to look through it, out upon the back yard. There he would show her the children one by one, while they would not be able to see her. Everything was done exactly as Jackal had said, but the sixth little tiger he picked up twice, because the firstborn he had the day before prepared in pickle for their Sunday meal.

And so it happened every Saturday until the last little tiger–which was the youngest–had to be lifted up seven times in succession.

And when Mrs. Tiger came again the following week all was still as death and everything seemed to have a deserted appearance on the estate. She walked straight to the front door, and there she found a letter in the poll grass near the door, which read thus:

 “We have gone for a picnic with the children. From there we will ride by Jackalsdance for New Year. This is necessary for the completion of their progressive education.” JACKAL.

Saturday after Saturday did Mrs. Tiger go and look, but every time Jackal’s house seemed to look more deserted; and after a while there was a spider’s web over the door and the trail of Snake showed that he, too, had taken up his abode there.


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The World’s Reward

An old dog, abandoned by his master, resolves to journey to the “land of the aged,” joined by a bull, ram, donkey, cat, goose, and cock. They find a house occupied by robbers, frighten them away, and feast on the food. When a robber returns, the animals cleverly fend him off, leaving him terrified and ensuring their peaceful stay.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The animals devise a clever plan to scare away the robbers by stacking themselves and creating a cacophony of noises, effectively deceiving the robbers into fleeing.

Community and Isolation: Each animal, having been abandoned or neglected, comes together to form a supportive group, highlighting the importance of companionship and unity in overcoming adversity.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the virtuous, cooperative animals against the malevolent robbers, emphasizing the triumph of good over evil.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Once there was a man that had an old dog, so old that the man desired to put him aside. The dog had served him very faithfully when he was still young, but ingratitude is the world’s reward, and the man now wanted to dispose of him. The old dumb creature, however, ferreted out the plan of his master, and so at once resolved to go away of his own accord.

After he had walked quite a way he met an old bull in the veldt.

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“Don’t you want to go with me?” asked the dog.

“Where?” was the reply.

“To the land of the aged,” said the dog, “where troubles don’t disturb you and thanklessness does not deface the deeds of man.”

“Good,” said the bull, “I am your companion.”

The two now walked on and found a ram.

The dog laid the plan before him, and all moved off together, until they afterwards came successively upon a donkey, a cat, a cock, and a goose.

These joined their company, and the seven set out on their journey.

Late one night they came to a house and through the open door they saw a table spread with all kinds of nice food, of which some robbers were having their fill. It would help nothing to ask for admittance, and seeing that they were hungry, they must think of something else.

Therefore the donkey climbed up on the bull, the ram on the donkey, the dog on the ram, the cat on the dog, the goose on the cat, and the cock on the goose, and with one accord they all let out terrible (threatening) noises (cryings).

The bull began to bellow, the donkey to bray, the dog to bark, the ram to bleat, the cat to mew, the goose to giggle gaggle, and the cock to crow, all without cessation.

The people in the house were frightened perfectly limp; they glanced out through the front door, and there they stared on the strange sight. Some of them took to the ropes over the back lower door, some disappeared through the window, and in a few counts the house was empty.

Then the seven old animals climbed down from one another, stepped into the house, and satisfied themselves with the delicious food.

But when they had finished, there still remained a great deal of food, too much to take with them on their remaining journey, and so together they contrived a plan to hold their position until the next day after breakfast.

The dog said, “See here, I am accustomed to watch at the front door of my master’s house,” and thereupon flopped himself down to sleep; the bull said, “I go behind the door,” and there he took his position; the ram said, “I will go up on to the loft”; the donkey, “I at the middle door”; the cat, “I in the fireplace”; the goose, “I in the back door”; and the cock said, “I am going to sleep on the bed.”

The captain of the robbers after a while sent one of his men back to see if these creatures had yet left the house.

The man came very cautiously into the neighborhood, listened and listened, but he heard nothing; he peeped through the window, and saw in the grate just two coals still glimmering, and thereupon started to walk through the front door.

There the old dog seized him by the leg. He jumped into the house, but the bull was ready, swept him up with his horns, and tossed him on to the loft. Here the ram received him and pushed him off the loft again. Reaching ground, he made for the middle door, but the donkey set up a terrible braying and at the same time gave him a kick that landed him in the fireplace, where the cat flew at him and scratched him nearly to pieces. He then jumped out through the back door, and here the goose got him by the trousers. When he was some distance away the cock crowed. He thereupon ran so that you could hear the stones rattle in the dark.

Purple and crimson and out of breath, he came back to his companions.

“Frightful, frightful!” was all that they could get from him at first, but after a while he told them.

“When I looked through the window I saw in the fireplace two bright coals shining, and when I wanted to go through the front door to go and look, I stepped into an iron trap. I jumped into the house, and there some one seized me with a fork and pitched me up on to the loft, there again some one was ready, and threw me down on all fours. I wanted to fly through the middle door, but there some one blew on a trumpet, and smote me with a sledge hammer so that I did not know where I landed; but coming to very quickly, I found I was in the fireplace, and there another flew at me and scratched the eyes almost out of my head. I thereupon fled out of the back door, and lastly I was attacked on the leg by the sixth with a pair of fire tongs, and when I was still running away, some one shouted out of the house, ‘Stop him, stop h–i–m!'”


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The Lion, the Jackal, and the Man

Lion, boasting of his strength, is led by Jackal to encounter true power. After dismissing a boy and an old man, they meet a young hunter with dogs. Lion fights bravely but is overwhelmed by the hunter’s dogs, bullets, and knife. Defeated and humbled, Lion concedes his title of strongest, realizing the hunter’s unmatched strength. Jackal’s cunning proves the lesson of perspective and humility.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the lion’s pride and aggression with the hunter’s bravery and skill, highlighting the struggle between opposing forces.

Cunning and Deception: The jackal uses his wit to orchestrate the encounter between the lion and the hunter, demonstrating cleverness in achieving his goal.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on humility, showing that even the mighty can be humbled and that true strength lies in recognizing one’s limitations.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


It so happened one day that Lion and Jackal came together to converse on affairs of land and state. Jackal, let me say, was the most important adviser to the king of the forest, and after they had spoken about these matters for quite a while, the conversation took a more personal turn. Lion began to boast and talk big about his strength. Jackal had, perhaps, given him cause for it, because by nature he was a flatterer. But now that Lion began to assume so many airs, said he, “See here, Lion, I will show you an animal that is still more powerful than you are.”

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They walked along, Jackal leading the way, and met first a little boy.

“Is this the strong man?” asked Lion.

“No,” answered Jackal, “he must still become a man, O king.”

After a while they found an old man walking with bowed head and supporting his bent figure with a stick.

“Is this the wonderful strong man?” asked Lion.

“Not yet, O king,” was Jackal’s answer, “he has been a man.”

Continuing their walk a short distance farther, they came across a young hunter, in the prime of youth, and accompanied by some of his dogs.

“There you have him now, O king,” said Jackal. “Pit your strength against his, and if you win, then truly you are the strength of the earth.”

Then Jackal made tracks to one side toward a little rocky kopje from which he would be able to see the meeting.

Growling, growling, Lion strode forward to meet the man, but when he came close the dogs beset him. He, however, paid but little attention to the dogs, pushed and separated them on all sides with a few sweeps of his front paws. They howled aloud, beating a hasty retreat toward the man.

Thereupon the man fired a charge of shot, hitting him behind the shoulder, but even to this Lion paid but little attention. Thereupon the hunter pulled out his steel knife, and gave him a few good jabs. Lion retreated, followed by the flying bullets of the hunter.

“Well, are you strongest now?” was Jackal’s first question when Lion arrived at his side.

“No, Jackal,” answered Lion, “let that fellow there keep the name and welcome. Such as he I have never before seen. In the first place he had about ten of his bodyguard storm me. I really did not bother myself much about them, but when I attempted to turn him to chaff, he spat and blew fire at me, mostly into my face, that burned just a little but not very badly. And when I again endeavored to pull him to the ground he jerked out from his body one of his ribs with which he gave me some very ugly wounds, so bad that I had to make chips fly, and as a parting he sent some warm bullets after me. No, Jackal, give him the name.”


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A Jackal and a Wolf

Jackal and Wolf became servants to a man. Jackal ate the man’s fat at night but smeared some on Wolf’s tail to frame him. In the morning, the man accused Jackal, but Jackal blamed Wolf, pointing to the fat on his tail. The man believed Jackal and severely beat Wolf, leaving him nearly dead.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Jackal deceitfully frames the Wolf by smearing fat on his tail, leading the man to believe the Wolf is guilty of eating the fat.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the Jackal’s malicious actions with the Wolf’s innocence, highlighting the struggle between deceit and honesty.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of dishonesty and the importance of integrity.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Jackal and Wolf went and hired themselves to a man to be his servants. In the middle of the night Jackal rose and smeared Wolf’s tail with some fat, and then ate all the rest of it in the house. In the morning the man missed the fat, and he immediately accused Jackal of having eaten it.

“Look at Wolf’s tail,” said the rogue, “and you will see who is the thief.” The man did so, and then thrashed Wolf till he was nearly dead.

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The Jackal and the Wolf

Jackal tricks a wagon driver into loading him with fish by pretending to be dead, then secretly throws the fish onto the road to collect later. When greedy Wolf eats too much, Jackal deceives him into imitating the trick. Wolf lies in the road but is beaten by the driver, leaving him injured and lamenting his rough appearance compared to Jackal’s cleverness.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative centers on the Jackal’s deceptive tactics to obtain fish and manipulate the Wolf into a perilous situation.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on the consequences of greed and the perils of blindly imitating others without understanding the underlying intentions.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal’s actions challenge the authority of the wagon driver, subverting the expected order through trickery.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Once on a time Jackal, who lived on the borders of the colony, saw a wagon returning from the seaside laden with fish; he tried to get into the wagon from behind, but he could not; he then ran on before and lay in the road as if dead. The wagon came up to him, and the leader cried to the driver, “Here is a fine kaross for your wife!”

“Throw it into the wagon,” said the driver, and Jackal was thrown in.

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The wagon traveled on, through a moonlight night, and all the while Jackal was throwing out the fish into the road; he then jumped out himself and secured a great prize. But stupid old Wolf (hyena), coming by, ate more than his share, for which Jackal owed him a grudge, and he said to him, “You can get plenty of fish, too, if you lie in the way of a wagon as I did, and keep quite still whatever happens.”

“So!” mumbled Wolf.

Accordingly, when the next wagon came from the sea, Wolf stretched himself out in the road. “What ugly thing is this?” cried the leader, and kicked Wolf. He then took a stick and thrashed him within an inch of his life. Wolf, according to the directions of Jackal, lay quiet as long as he could; he then got up and hobbled off to tell his misfortune to Jackal, who pretended to comfort him.

“What a pity,” said Wolf, “I have not got such a handsome skin as you have!”


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The Tiger, the Ram, and the Jackal

Tiger, encountering Ram for the first time, is terrified by his gruff demeanor and retreats. Jackal mocks Tiger’s cowardice and convinces him to confront Ram together. However, Ram cleverly outwits them by pretending to see Tiger as prey for his “hungry child.” Terrified, Tiger flees, dragging Jackal along. The pair return home battered and humiliated, while Ram escapes unharmed.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, attempting to deceive the Ram and manipulate the Tiger for his own benefit.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of underestimating others and the potential downfall of deceitful behavior.

Conflict with Nature: The interactions between the animals highlight the challenges and confrontations that arise within the natural world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Tiger (leopard) was returning home from hunting on one occasion, when he lighted on the kraal of Ram. Now, Tiger had never seen Ram before, and approaching submissively, he said, “Good day, friend! What may your name be?”

The other in his gruff voice, and striking his breast with his forefoot, said, “I am Ram. Who are you?”

“Tiger,” answered the other, more dead than alive, and then, taking leave of Ram, he ran home as fast as he could.

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Jackal lived at the same place as Tiger did, and the latter going to him, said, “Friend Jackal, I am quite out of breath, and am half dead with fright, for I have just seen a terrible looking fellow, with a large and thick head, and on my asking him what his name was, he answered, ‘I am Ram.'”

“What a foolish fellow you are,” cried Jackal, “to let such a nice piece of flesh stand! Why did you do so? But we shall go to-morrow and eat it together.”

Next day the two set off for the kraal of Ram, and as they appeared over a hill, Ram, who had turned out to look about him, and was calculating where he should that day crop a tender salad, saw them, and he immediately went to his wife and said, “I fear this is our last day, for Jackal and Tiger are both coming against us. What shall we do?”

“Don’t be afraid,” said the wife, “but take up the child in your arms, go out with it, and pinch it to make it cry as if it were hungry.” Ram did so as the confederates came on.

No sooner did Tiger cast his eyes on Ram than fear again took possession of him, and he wished to turn back. Jackal had provided against this, and made Tiger fast to himself with a leathern thong, and said, “Come on,” when Ram cried in a loud voice, and pinching his child at the same time, “You have done well, Friend Jackal, to have brought us Tiger to eat, for you hear how my child is crying for food.” On these dreadful words Tiger, notwithstanding the entreaties of Jackal to let him go, to let him loose, set off in the greatest alarm, dragged Jackal after him over hill and valley, through bushes and over rocks, and never stopped to look behind him till he brought back himself and half-dead Jackal to his place again. And so Ram escaped.


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The Monkey’s Fiddle

Monkey, forced to leave his home due to scarcity, worked for his great uncle, Orang Outang, who gifted him a magical bow and fiddle. Upon returning, Monkey’s hunting skill sparked Wolf’s jealousy, leading to a false theft accusation. Condemned by the court, Monkey used the fiddle to compel the animals to dance until exhaustion. He won freedom, reclaimed his bow, and left triumphant, causing the court to scatter.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Monkey uses his cleverness to outwit the other animals, especially when falsely accused by the Wolf.

Magic and Enchantment: The fiddle possesses magical properties, compelling all who hear it to dance uncontrollably.

Revenge and Justice: The Monkey seeks justice for the false accusations by using the fiddle to make the animals dance until they acknowledge his innocence.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Hunger and want forced Monkey one day to forsake his land and to seek elsewhere among strangers for much-needed work. Bulbs, earth beans, scorpions, insects, and such things were completely exhausted in his own land. But fortunately he received, for the time being, shelter with a great uncle of his, Orang Outang, who lived in another part of the country.

When he had worked for quite a while he wanted to return home, and as recompense his great uncle gave him a fiddle and a bow and arrow and told him that with the bow and arrow he could hit and kill anything he desired, and with the fiddle he could force anything to dance.

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The first he met upon his return to his own land was Brer Wolf. This old fellow told him all the news and also that he had since early morning been attempting to stalk a deer, but all in vain.

Then Monkey laid before him all the wonders of the bow and arrow that he carried on his back and assured him if he could but see the deer he would bring it down for him. When Wolf showed him the deer, Monkey was ready and down fell the deer.

They made a good meal together, but instead of Wolf being thankful, jealousy overmastered him and he begged for the bow and arrow. When Monkey refused to give it to him, he thereupon began to threaten him with his greater strength, and so when Jackal passed by, Wolf told him that Monkey had stolen his bow and arrow. After Jackal had heard both of them, he declared himself unqualified to settle the case alone, and he proposed that they bring the matter to the court of Lion, Tiger, and the other animals. In the meantime he declared he would take possession of what had been the cause of their quarrel, so that it would be safe, as he said. But he immediately brought to earth all that was eatable, so there was a long time of slaughter before Monkey and Wolf agreed to have the affair in court.

Monkey’s evidence was weak, and to make it worse, Jackal’s testimony was against him. Jackal thought that in this way it would be easier to obtain the bow and arrow from Wolf for himself.

And so fell the sentence against Monkey. Theft was looked upon as a great wrong; he must hang.

The fiddle was still at his side, and he received as a last favor from the court the right to play a tune on it.

He was a master player of his time, and in addition to this came the wonderful power of his charmed fiddle. Thus, when he struck the first note of “Cockcrow” upon it, the court began at once to show an unusual and spontaneous liveliness, and before he came to the first waltzing turn of the old tune the whole court was dancing like a whirlwind.

Over and over, quicker and quicker, sounded the tune of “Cockcrow” on the charmed fiddle, until some of the dancers, exhausted, fell down, although still keeping their feet in motion. But Monkey, musician as he was, heard and saw nothing of what had happened around him. With his head placed lovingly against the instrument, and his eyes half closed, he played on, keeping time ever with his foot.

Wolf was the first to cry out in pleading tones breathlessly, “Please stop, Cousin Monkey! For love’s sake, please stop!”

But Monkey did not even hear him. Over and over sounded the resistless waltz of “Cockcrow.”

After a while Lion showed signs of fatigue, and when he had gone the round once more with his young lion wife, he growled as he passed Monkey, “My whole kingdom is yours, ape, if you just stop playing.”

“I do not want it,” answered Monkey, “but withdraw the sentence and give me my bow and arrow, and you, Wolf, acknowledge that you stole it from me.”

“I acknowledge, I acknowledge!” cried Wolf, while Lion cried, at the same instant, that he withdrew the sentence.

Monkey gave them just a few more turns of the “Cockcrow,” gathered up his bow and arrow, and seated himself high up in the nearest camel thorn tree.

The court and other animals were so afraid that he might begin again that they hastily disbanded to new parts of the world.


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The Lost Message

The ants, plagued by predators like birds, anteaters, and centipedes, sought unity to protect themselves but failed due to discord among their factions. Each group pursued its own solution—building homes, living underground, fleeing to trees, or attempting flight—yet all strategies faltered against their enemies. Despite the Insect-king’s message of unity sent via the slow Beetle, the ants remain divided and vulnerable.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The ants face constant threats from natural predators like birds, anteaters, and centipedes.

Community and Isolation: Despite their communal nature, the ants’ inability to unify leads to their continued vulnerability.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts the lesson that unity and cooperation are essential for overcoming common challenges.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The ant has had from time immemorial many enemies, and because he is small and destructive, there have been a great many slaughters among them. Not only were most of the birds their enemies, but Anteater lived almost wholly from them, and Centipede beset them every time and at all places when he had the chance.

So now there were a few among them who thought it would be well to hold council together and see if they could not come to some arrangement whereby they could retreat to some place of safety when attacked by robber birds and animals.

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But at the gathering their opinions were most discordant, and they could come to no decision.

There was Red-ant, Rice-ant, Black-ant, Wagtail-ant, Gray-ant, Shining-ant, and many other varieties. The discussion was a true babel of diversity, which continued for a long time and came to nothing.

A part desired that they should all go into a small hole in the ground, and live there; another part wanted to have a large and strong dwelling built on the ground, where nobody could enter but an ant; still another wanted to dwell in trees, so as to get rid of Anteater, forgetting entirely that there they would be the prey of birds; another part seemed inclined to have wings and fly.

And, as has already been said, this deliberation amounted to nothing, and each party resolved to go to work in its own way, and on its own responsibility.

Greater unity than that which existed in each separate faction could be seen nowhere in the world; each had his appointed task, each did his work regularly and well. And all worked together in the same way. From among them they chose a king–that is to say some of the groups did–and they divided the labor so that all went as smoothly as it possibly could.

But each group did it in its own way, and not one of them thought of protecting themselves against the onslaught of birds or Anteater.

The Red-ants built their house on the ground and lived under it, but Anteater leveled to the ground in a minute what had cost them many days of precious labor. The Rice-ants lived under the ground, and with them it went no better. For whenever they came out, Anteater visited them and took them out sack and pack. The Wagtail-ants fled to the trees, but there on many occasions sat Centipede waiting for them, or the birds gobbled them up. The Gray-ants had intended to save themselves from extermination by taking to flight, but this also availed them nothing, because the Lizard, the Hunting-spider, and the birds went a great deal faster than they.

When the Insect-king heard that they could come to no agreement he sent them the secret of unity, and the message of Work-together. But unfortunately he chose for his messenger the Beetle, and he has never yet arrived at the Ants, so that they are still to-day the embodiment of discord and consequently the prey of enemies.


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Origin of the Difference in Modes of Life Between Hottentots and Bushmen

In the tale, a blind man and a hunter discover cattle in a hole, initially mistaken for game. The blind man regains sight, builds a kraal, and anoints himself in traditional fashion. When the hunter tries the same, he is tricked and burned by fire. Banished to the hills, the hunter’s descendants, seeking honey, become the Bushmen.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the divergence in lifestyles between the Hottentots and Bushmen, detailing how their distinct ways of living came to be.

Transformation: The narrative describes the blind man’s recovery of sight and the hunter’s transition to a life in the hills, highlighting significant changes in their circumstances.

Cunning and Deception: The blind man deceives the hunter by instructing him to throw the ointment into the fire, leading to the hunter’s misfortune.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


In the beginning there were two. One was blind, the other was always hunting. This hunter found at last a hole in the earth from which game proceeded and killed the young. The blind man, feeling and smelling them, said, “They are not game, but cattle.”

The blind man afterwards recovered his sight, and going with the hunter to this hole, saw that they were cows with their calves. He then quickly built a kraal (fence made of thorns) round them, and anointed himself, just as Hottentots (in their native state) are still wont to do.

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When the other, who now with great trouble had to seek his game, came and saw this, he wanted to anoint himself also. “Look here!” said the other, “you must throw the ointment into the fire, and afterwards use it.” He followed this advice, and the flames flaring up into his face, burnt him most miserably; so that he was glad to make his escape. The other, however, called to him: “Here, take the kirri (a knobstick), and run to the hills to hunt there for honey.”

Hence sprung the race of Bushmen.


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The Distribution of Animals After the Creation

Teco, the Supreme Being, apportioned resources to three nations: Whites, Bushmen (Amakosa), and Hottentots (Amalouw). The Hottentots chased a honey bird, ignoring Teco’s warnings, leading to their fate of living on wild roots and honey. The unruly Bushmen, claiming cattle, were granted only livestock. The patient Whites received cattle, horses, sheep, and property, prompting the Bushmen’s remark on their unequal share.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Creation: The narrative explains how Teco, the Supreme Being, distributed resources among different nations after the world’s creation.

Origin of Things: It provides an account of why different groups possess varying resources, attributing these differences to their actions during the distribution.

Divine Intervention: Teco’s direct involvement and decisions shape the destinies of the Whites, Bushmen, and Hottentots, illustrating the influence of a deity in mortal affairs.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Teco is the Supreme Being. Teco had every description of stock and property.

There were three nations created, viz., the Whites, the Amakosa, or Bushmen, and the Amalouw, or Hottentots. A day was appointed for them to appear before the Teco to receive whatever he might apportion to each tribe. While they were assembling, a honey bird, or honey guide, came fluttering by, and all the Hottentots ran after it, whistling and making the peculiar noise they generally do while following this wonderful little bird.

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The Teco remonstrated with them about their behavior, but to no purpose. He thereupon denounced them as a vagrant race that would have to exist on wild roots and honey beer, and possess no stock whatever.

When the fine herds of cattle were brought, the Bushmen became very much excited–the one exclaiming, “That black and white cow is mine!” and another, “That red cow and black bull are mine!” and so on, till at last the Teco, whose patience had been severely taxed by their shouts and unruly behavior, denounced them as a restless people, who would only possess cattle.

The Whites patiently waited until they received cattle, horses, sheep, and all sorts of property. Hence, the old Bushmen observed, “You Whites have got everything. We Bushmen have only cattle, while the Amalouw, or Hottentots, have nothing.”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page