The girl from the grave-box

Two brothers set traps in the wilderness. The elder wishes for a girl and is visited by a mysterious woman nightly. When the younger brother alerts their father, the elder is forcibly taken home. The father discovers the woman is a grave spirit and destroys her remains. The elder pines away and is buried beside her. The family then abandons the region.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The mysterious woman visiting the elder brother is revealed to be a grave spirit, highlighting interactions with entities beyond the natural realm.

Divine Punishment: The father’s destruction of the grave spirit’s remains leads to the elder son’s decline and death, suggesting retribution from supernatural forces for disturbing the dead.

Family Dynamics: The interactions between the brothers and their father reflect complex familial relationships, especially when dealing with extraordinary circumstances.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Katherine Rumiantzev, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, at the village of Pokhotsk in the lower Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

Some Lamut were living in three tents. One of them had two sons. They had set their deadfalls at distant places: so the father sent his sons to visit these traps. They came to the traps and walked along all day. They stopped for the night at the farthest traps. Then the elder brother said to the younger one, “Oh, I wish we could find here some girl to be our assistant! It is tedious work to cut firewood and cook food. Have we not enough to do with the traps?” — “Do not say so!” said the younger brother. “Why do you wish for a girl? We are in the wilderness. If anybody comes, it will be some monster or spirit.” The first brother replied, “Be it who it may, I should like to have a girl for an assistant.” In the middle of the night a girl came, handsome, like the sunrise. The older brother took her for his wife. When day was coming, she went away, but the next evening she came again. They lived in this manner.

► Continue reading…

A week passed. Then the younger brother said in the morning, “How long shall we remain here? Our father and mother must be anxious on our behalf.” But the other one refused to listen. He said, “You may go home, but I shall stay here.” The younger brother went home on his snowshoes, and told his parents what had happened. His father called together several neighbors, all men, and they went to bring the young man. He refused to come and cried for vexation; but they bound him hand and foot, tied him to a reindeer-sledge, and took him home. The father said, “Now, I shall stay and see who lived with him, — a human being or some impure creature.” So he remained there for a night, made a fire, and waited. After sunset the girl came. When she saw that another man was in the house, she wailed aloud, and went back into the heart of the woods. She was wailing all the way back, till at last her voice died out. Next morning the father followed in her tracks. He came to a small river, which he followed upstream. At last he found on the bank an ancient wooden grave-box. The tracks of the girl led to that grave-box, and then vanished. The old man opened the box and saw a skeleton. The bones held together only by the dry sinew. He cut the skeleton, disjointed all the bones, and laid them down in four separate places.

[Grave-boxes made of wood were used by the Yukaghir. They are met with in the country of the Kolyma, chiefly in deep woods, on the banks of some lonesome little river, as described in the tale. This tale expresses the superstitious fear of the ancient grave-boxes common to all the peoples of the country, the remainder of the Yukaghir included.]

After that the young man began to droop and pine and suffer. When walking, he would even stumble over the grass. When near to death, he said, “As you have done to my love, so do also to me.” So they took his body to the grave-box, gathered the bones of the girl together, and laid him by their side. After that they left the country and went far off.

The end.


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The monster with iron teeth

Three brothers encounter monsters with iron teeth during their journey. The eldest fights the creatures while his brothers flee. Gradually, the elder brothers turn monstrous themselves. The youngest flees alone, outsmarts a pursuing monster with an old kettle, and reaches safety in a village. After reporting the monsters, a priest curses them, restoring peace to the area.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The brothers encounter monstrous entities with iron teeth, representing interactions with otherworldly creatures.

Trials and Tribulations: The brothers face a series of challenges, including battles with the monsters and the transformation of the eldest brother.

Cunning and Deception: The youngest brother uses his wits to outsmart a pursuing monster, demonstrating the use of intelligence to overcome danger.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Nicholas Kusakoff, a Russian creole (cossack), at the village of Pokhotsk in the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

There were three brothers. One time they traveled together in lonely places. The first night they stopped at a way house[Small log cabins are built in various places for the use of travelers, especially along the trading routes. They are called in local Russian иоварня (“cooking-house”).] They made a fire, cooked some bread-soup, and had supper. [Затчранъ, a kind of soup prepared of bread-crumbs or flour roasted in butter, and then boiled in water. In former times it was generally used in these regions for breakfast or supper. At present brick-tea is substituted for it.] While they were eating, a board of the floor was lifted up. There appeared a monster with iron teeth, two feet long. [In local Russian it is called “heretic” (еретикъ). In colloquial Russian, in Europe and Asia, “heretic” is used as a synonym for “devil” or “evil spirit”] The eldest brother said to the other two, “Go out and get the dogs and sledges ready. I will stay here. And you must wait outside for me.”

► Continue reading…

They took their bread-soup and went out of the house. They could hear the eldest brother within fighting with the monster. They did not know in what way, but could only hear great noise and gnashing of teeth. Before sunrise their brother came out of the house. They started off on their sledges. They drove till dark. Then they saw another log cabin. They entered, made a fire, and prepared some soup. As soon as they had swallowed a spoonful or two, a board was lifted in one of the front corners of the house and up came the Monster with Iron Teeth. The oldest brother made the other two go out and he fought the monster alone. The next morning, when he came out, they saw that he had turned into a quite different being. All his blood, and his face, were no longer human. He was more like a devil. The second brother said to the youngest one, “Look at him! He has iron teeth at least half a foot long.”

They drove onward again until evening. It had grown quite dark when they came to another log cabin. They made a fire and prepared soup. When they were half through with their meal, there appeared a woman with iron teeth, covered with blood, who rushed at them. The eldest brother: also fought the woman. The other two exchanged looks, and slipped out of doors. Then they turned their sledges back and drove homeward. They traveled the whole night and the next day. Then they came to the log cabin in which the second fight with the Monster of Iron Teeth had taken place. They made a fire and prepared their soup. Then they heard outside the shuffling of snowshoes. They were so much frightened, that neither dared to go out. Then the door opened of itself, and the oldest brother entered. He was very angry. “Why are you making so much trouble for me? If you want to leave me behind, why do you stop in this very place?” He had hardly finished these words, when the Monster with Iron Teeth appeared. They fought again; and the eldest brother said, “Go away! Do not wait for me any longer! But mind you do not stop at the first log cabin. When I am through with this fight, I shall give chase; and if I catch you in the first log cabin, I shall fight the first monster, but I shall also punish you.”

They drove away from there, crying for fear. They traveled throughout the night and the next day. After sunset they came to the log cabin, and of course wanted to pass it, but they could not induce their dogs to pass by. All the dogs rushed in and fought as if they were worrying somebody to death. No one was to be seen, however. They wrangled with the dogs far into the evening, and at last dragged them out of the house. They were quite tired and hungry; and the second brother at last proposed, “Let us stay here over night!” The youngest answered, “How could we do that? The monster will appear, and then our brother; and he warned us beforehand that he will punish us.” The second brother answered, “Curse him for a fool! I do not fear him at all. I myself have become as bad as he.” The youngest brother looked up, and saw that the second brother also had iron teeth half a foot long. He was so badly frightened that he could not speak. Meanwhile the shuffling of snowshoes was heard outside, and there entered a being similar to their brother in face and body; but they did not recognize him. He said not a single word, but rushed at the second brother. They fought like wolves. The youngest brother slipped outside, took his dogs, and fled. He drove on until midnight, and heard nothing. After midnight, however, he heard a voice like a distant shaman’s call. The voice said, “A man is pursuing his own brother. He wants to gnaw at his bones, to eat of his meat, to drink of his blood!” The youngest brother out of fright, urged his dogs on with all his might. In the meantime he said to himself, “When he overtakes me, how shall I defend myself?” He remembered having heard from older people, that, when pursued by a monster, one may defend oneself by striking the monster with an old kettle. Then the monster will fall down and will be unable to follow for a couple of hours, which at least will give respite at the most critical moment. So he loosened the kettle, and made ready for the blow. Kettle in hand, he watched when the monster should reach the sledge. When it was at hand, he uttered an incantation and struck its face with the blackened kettle. The monster fell face down, and cried aloud, “Oh, you are too clever for me! I shall catch you, nevertheless. The village is yet far off. I shall rest for a couple of hours; then I shall catch you, drink of your blood, eat of your meat and gnaw your bones.” The other one urged his dogs to the limit of their strength. He knew, that the village was not very far away. They moved on. The monster gave pursuit again. Then they heard the bell in the church belfry ringing. He crossed himself, and said, “Thank God, I am safe now!” And the monster shouted from behind, “You are safe; but I shall catch you somewhere in time to come.” The young man reached the village, and straightway went to the priest. He said that in such and such places in the woods there were monsters; that these monsters were probably unburied corpses, which walk abroad and attack human beings. The priest listened to him, and then laid a curse of the Church upon the monsters; that they should cease to appear and make trouble. After that all the people traveled about without fear or danger, and they met with nothing extraordinary.

The end.


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The She-Monster

Three orphaned sisters fend for themselves until the eldest becomes a cannibalistic monster. The younger sisters flee, one falling prey to the monster, while the youngest escapes and marries a man. Years later, the She-Monster returns, harming her niece and nephew. The husband kills her, destroying her remains. The family moves away, finally finding peace.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Family Dynamics: The narrative centers on the relationships between three orphaned sisters, highlighting the complexities and eventual tragedy within their family.

Transformation: The eldest sister undergoes a horrifying change, becoming a cannibalistic monster, which drives the plot and the actions of the other characters.

Cunning and Deception: The youngest sister employs cleverness to escape her monstrous sibling, showcasing the use of wit for survival.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Katherine Rumiantzev, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village of Pokhotsk, in the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

There lived a family. They had three daughters and no sons. After some time the father and the mother died. The girls remained alone. They hunted game and caught fish, and in the summer time picked berries and gathered roots. They never knew a man. One time the eldest sister stayed at home. The other two went berrying. They came home. The youngest wanted to be petted: so she dropped into the other sister’s lap, and said, “O, my sister! I am so very hungry! Give me something to eat.” The eldest sister said, “Why, then go to the storehouse, and pick out a piece of the very best dried fish. That is the food for you.” Then she laughed.

The youngest sister looked up at her, and saw pieces of raw meat sticking out all around between her teeth. She felt frightened, and whispered to her second sister, “Why, sister, look about! all our stores of dried meat, reindeer, and elk, are gone! and why are the teeth of our eldest sister filled with pieces of meat?”

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The second sister refused to believe it; and, still, she also was afraid to look up, lest she should see those horrible teeth. After a few days the two younger sisters went for a visit to the graves of their parents. They invited the eldest one to go with them, but she refused. They arrived at the graves, and found that they had been dug open. The body of the father had been eaten up, and of the body of the mother only a part was left. This was the doing of their eldest sister. They sorrowed and cried aloud. Then they went back, and on the way they talked to each other. “O, sister! we cannot go home. She will finish eating our mother, then she will come for us. Let us rather leave in time! Let us run to the open country, or let us flee across the blue sea!” Just then they saw on high a flock of wild geese flying. They shouted upward to the geese, “O geese! drop down to us a feather apiece!” The geese, ever so many, dropped down for them a feather apiece. The girls gathered the feathers and stuck them between their fingers. Then they flew up, and followed the geese. The youngest sister said to the second one, “O sister dear! she will doubtless pursue us. Take care, though, if she should call to you, and shout, and ask for an answer, not to take any heed! and especially do not look back at her.”

Then the eldest sister actually went in pursuit. They flew on high, she ran below on the ground, and cried out, “O sisters dear! why have you forsaken me? Have we not been nursed at the same mother’s breast? Have we not been begotten in the same mother’s womb? And now you leave me behind! How shall I live alone, without your company?” The second sister was moved with compassion: so she looked back and down. In a moment the She-Monster opened her mouth, and the girl fell directly into it. The She-Monster swallowed her without chewing. The youngest sister flew on, and did not look back, notwithstanding all her cries and entreaties. She flew onward; the eldest sister ran in pursuit. At last the She-Monster gave up, and at the last only shouted, “This time you do not want to look at me! But later you will be married, and you will have a boy and a girl. The girl will sit on an earth bench, [the Russian log cabin and the Yakut hut are surrounded by a low earth wall up to the window-sills. This wall serves also as a bench] and she will play with her little scissors; and the boy will play with his bow and arrows. Then I shall come to you.” The other one flew on.

At last she saw a small house, standing all alone. She sat down near the chimney-hole, and looked down through the chimney. A young man was sitting near the fireplace, feathering his arrows. He did this for some time. Then he was lacking a white feather for the last arrow. So he said, “Oh, I wish I had one more feather!” In a moment she tore away one of her feathers and let it drop through the chimney. He caught it, and looked up, but no one was there. So he finished the arrow, and brought some more arrows and feathers, and resumed the feathering. After a while he was again lacking one feather for the last arrow. This time it was a black feather. “Oh,” said he, “I wish I had one more feather.” And immediately she let drop a black feather. After that she dropped a third feather. Then he said, “Who are you? If you are really human, come down and let me look at you, and if you are an evil spirit, then remain invisible.” She took off her feathers and turned into her former self. Then she descended into the house. He took her for a wife.

They lived together for a long time, and she brought forth, first a boy, then a girl. The husband went out every day to go in search of game. The children were growing up. One spring day they were playing on the earth bench in front of the house. Then suddenly appeared her eldest sister, the She-Monster. She hugged the children and kissed them. In doing this she bit off the upper lip of the boy and the under lip of the girl. They shrieked, and ran to their mother. Their faces were covered with blood. O, she became so frightened! “Who has been treating you like this? Or perhaps you have been fighting with others?” — “Oh, no! It was our aunt, who kissed us.” Then the eldest sister entered. They did not even salute each other. Then the human sister wanted to go out. “Do not do that,” said the Monster. “But I want to ease myself.” — “All right! but make the utmost haste. Hardly step out of the house before you are back again.” She sat down near the fireplace and waited for her. The human sister went out of the house, and the boy slipped out after her. They ran to one of their storehouses. Standing there was an old wooden box. They squeezed themselves into this box. Then the woman said, “O, wooden box! henceforth be an iron storehouse standing high upon twelve iron supports.” The wooden box turned into an iron storehouse with twelve supports, and they were safe within. The boy called for his father, and she called for her husband. The eldest sister went out and saw the girl: so she caught her and swallowed her. Merely the feet stuck out from her mouth.

After a while, she spit out her small bones. She came to the iron storehouse and gnawed at the supports, and splinters of iron flew in all directions. Then the iron storehouse rocked to and fro, with only three supports left. All of a sudden the man came up. He struck the She-Monster with his sword and killed her. He chopped her into small pieces and burned her in the fire. She was burning, and every kind of worms and vermin crawled out of her body. He gathered them all, scraped them up with a shovel, and thrust them back into the fire. At last her body was destroyed, and he threw the ashes to all four winds. The remaining bones he threw into the sea. Then they went to another country. They lived there.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Yukaghir tale

A woman eats a magical pike and gives birth to a daughter who rapidly grows into a cannibalistic monster. The son escapes and marries a magical woman. Returning home, he finds his parents devoured. Fleeing from his monstrous sister, he uses magic and his wife’s wolves and bears to destroy her, burning the remains. Peace follows.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The rapid growth of the daughter into a monstrous being and the son’s marriage to a magical woman highlight significant physical and situational transformations.

Conflict with Nature: The narrative involves struggles against natural and supernatural forces, such as the son’s battle with his monstrous sister and the use of magical animals.

Cunning and Deception: The son employs clever strategies and magical assistance to outwit and ultimately destroy his cannibalistic sister.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Anne Korkin, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village of Sukharnoye in the Kolyma country, in the autumn of 1896.

There was a man and his wife. They had a little boy. One time the woman felt a yearning for some pike. Her mouth watered at the thought of it. Then she said to her husband, “Do go to the lake and set your nets! I want some pike to eat.” He went to the lake, and on the same day he caught a large pike. The woman immediately cooked it. She ate the fish beginning at the intestine and ate as far as the head. When she came to the mouth and opened the teeth, she saw that they were of iron. She was scared, and threw away what was left of the pike; but from that time on she grew with child, and after due time gave birth to a girl. The girl grew up rapidly, not like an ordinary child from year to year, but hourly; so that on the next day she was playing out of doors with her brother, who, although older, was nevertheless much smaller than she. In playing, she said, “One day more, or perhaps two days, and I shall eat all of you.”

► Continue reading…

The boy went to his father and mother and told them of her words; but they did not believe him, and even punished him. “You do not like your sister, and therefore you slander her.” The same happened in the evening and again the next morning. The boy could not stand it any longer. He felt angry, frightened, and sore. So he left his parents and fled. Far away in the tundra he saw a house with an outer room. He entered there. Two wolves and two bears were tied up in front of the inner door. The animals wanted to attack him; but he whistled three times, and they grew quiet and lay down. Then he entered the inner room. In the middle a white reindeer skin was spread. On the skin slept a naked girl, dazzling white of body. Her tresses were auburn and as long as the sleeve of an overcoat. He hid under her tresses and slept with the girl. In due time she awoke, sniffed about, and said, “Who are you? Make yourself visible. If you are an old man, I will have you for a father; if a young man, I will take you for a husband.” So he appeared from under her tresses. She married him, and they lived together. After some time he wanted to visit his father and mother; so he asked his wife to give him some animal to drive, even if it were a wolf or a bear. She gave him a reindeer with six legs. He set off. When near the house of his parents, he tied the reindeer to a tree and went on foot. Then he arrived at the house and opened the door. The Pike-Girl had eaten up his father and mother long before, and was playing with the bare skulls. As soon as she saw him, she threw the skulls under the bed. The young man felt afraid. She rushed up to him, however, and said, “O brother dear! you have come at last.” In the evening she asked him, “Where are you going to sleep?” He said, “I am going to sleep on the roof.” “Why do you do so?” said the girl, “I do not want to sleep alone. I have not seen you for such a long time.” — “Well, then,” said the brother, “I will lie down close to the chimney-hole, and will thrust my legs down the chimney-hole, so that you may look at them, when going to sleep.” He did just so, and feigned sleep. The girl tried to catch at the legs, but the chimney was too narrow; and feeling tired, she desisted. After a while she was snoring. Then with great caution he left the roof and went away. He found his reindeer and raced off.

He drove the whole night through, then he looked back and saw that the pike girl was following in pursuit. He urged on the reindeer and it galloped off; but the Pike-Girl galloped still faster, just like a winged bird. After a while she overtook the reindeer, and at first tore off one of its extra legs. While she was eating that leg, the reindeer hurried on. She finished the leg, and again gave pursuit. This time she tore off the other extra leg. The reindeer galloped off with four legs. Then she overtook it again, and tore off one leg more. Then the reindeer could run no longer so the young man left it and hurried on afoot. He had one blunt arrow. Holding this, he ran onward. When the Pike-Girl had eaten the reindeer leg she gave pursuit again. When she was close to him, he lifted up the arrow and said, “There, arrow mine! You were an arrow. Now turn into an iron tree. I want to be safe on top of that tree.” Instantly, it turned into a big iron tree, and he was high up on its top. The tree was as thick through as a man can embrace. The Pike-Girl came to the tree, and said, “O brother mine! your iron tree is not tempered, but my iron teeth are tempered and hard.” So she gnawed at the tree, and iron splinters flew around like rotten wood. A jay flew by, and he said to it:

O jay! fly to my wife!
Bid her send off her dogs!

But the jay answered with a man’s voice, “I will not fly. When you were living with your father and mother, whenever I came to your drying poles and wanted to peck at the pike-roe, your blunt arrow would instantly hiss by close to my head. I will not fly.” A snow-bunting flew by, and he said to it:

O, snow-bunting! fly to my wife,
And bid her send off her dogs!

So the bunting flew away and came to his wife’s house. It perched upon the window-sill, and twittered:

Pititi pititi,
Send off the dogs!

She heard this, and in a moment she sent off two wolves and two bears. They ran off and reached the tree. The Pike-Girl, as soon as she saw them, turned into an ermine and went under the roots of the tree. The bears dug at the roots to get at the ermine, and at last caught it. The young man descended from the tree with his ax and chopped up the ermine. He gathered the pieces and burnt them in the fire, and the ashes he let fly to the winds. Then he went back to his wife and told her all. After that they lived in peace, and they are still living.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Tale about Chu’mo

Three sisters adopt a mysterious stone baby, Chu’mo, who grows into a giant and devours their food. Discovering its monstrous nature, they trick and destroy it with boiling fat but must flee from its vengeful pursuit. Using magical items to create barriers, they ultimately escape, only to face Chu’mo’s mother, who locks them away in revenge.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The sisters employ clever tactics to destroy Chu’mo, using boiling fat and magical items to escape its pursuit.

Transformation: Chu’mo’s ability to change size—from a baby to a giant—highlights themes of physical transformation.

Family Dynamics: The bond and cooperation among the three sisters are central to the narrative, showcasing their collective efforts to overcome challenges.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Anne Vastriakoff, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village Omolon at the confluence of the Omolon River with the Kolyma River, in the autumn of 1896.

There were three sisters. They knew no men, and subsisted by hunting wild reindeer. They also wandered about gathering roots and berries and every sort of thing that the earth produces. One time the eldest sister said, “I wish we had at least one baby.” As soon as she spoke these words, she glanced at a rock, and saw a severed piece which had a human face and looked like a baby.

“Ah, sisters!” exclaimed the girl, “come here and see! I have found a baby in the rock.” So they took the child of the stone and carried it home. They made a cradle, and put the baby in it. Then they rocked the cradle with much zeal.

After a while the baby began to cry and became like a human being. The next day the two elder sisters went, as usual, to hunt wild reindeer, but they left the youngest sister at home. “Stay at home and nurse the infant,” they said to her.

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As soon as they went away, the baby began to cry louder and louder. At first the girl rocked the cradle, but the baby was not to be thus silenced. At last a sudden fright seized her without any apparent reason. She could not stand it, so she hid herself under the bed and tried to listen to what would happen next. The baby cried as before. Then it ceased, and seemed also to be listening for something. It was listening to hear whether anyone might suddenly enter. Then quite unexpectedly the baby said with a deep man’s voice, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” In the same instant, it left the cradle and rose to its feet. It said again, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” And lo, its head reached the very roof. It gathered all the dried meat and fat, sausages and tongues, hanging from the rafters, and devoured all this most ravenously. Then it heard some voices. They were those of two elder sisters coming home from hunting. In the same moment it said aloud, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself small!” So it became quite small, and was lying in the cradle and crying, just as before. The youngest sister, however, came out of her hiding-place and ran with all her might to meet the other sister. „O elder ones!” she sobbed out, “I will not stay at home alone any longer. You may stay there yourself if you want to.” — “What is the matter with you?” asked the eldest sister. “It is thus and so,” answered the youngest one. The eldest sister was very angry. “You certainly are not telling the truth. How can a baby leave the cradle and make itself large?” The next morning, however, the youngest sister refused to stay, so the eldest sister ordered the second one to stay at home in her stead. The other two went away hunting. The girl stayed at home and rocked the cradle; but the baby cried incessantly, and at last a great fright took possession of her, quite unaccountable, and she too hid herself under the bed and listened for what would happen next. The child cried and cried. Then it became still, and also began to listen. Nobody came, however, so the baby said again with a man’s deep voice, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” At that very moment it dropped to the floor and rose to its feet. Then it said again, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” and its head reached to the roof. It gathered all the dried meat and fat, sausages and tongues, hanging from the rafters, and devoured them most greedily. Then it heard human voices. They were those of the two other sisters, who were coming home and talking to each other. It said instantly, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself small!” and all at once it was small again and in the cradle, as before. The middle sister crept out of her hiding-place and ran out to meet the sister. „Oh,” said she, „it is too awful! I will not stay here any longer.” “And what is the matter with you?” asked the eldest sister. “This and this,” said the middle sister. “Oh, please! enough of this! How can a little baby leave the cradle and become large?”

The next morning, however, the two younger sisters refused to stay at home: so the eldest sister remained. The two others went off hunting reindeer. The eldest sister rocked the cradle; but the baby cried and cried, and at last there came over her also without any cause a terrible fright and she hid under the bed and listened for what might happen next. The baby cried and cried. Then it stopped and began to listen. Nobody came, however: so it said aloud with its deep bass voice, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” It dropped to the floor and rose to its feet. Then it said again. „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself large!” and its head reached the roof. It gathered all the dried meat and fat, sausages, and tongues, hanging upon the rafters, and ate them all. Then it heard distant voices. The two other sisters were coming home. So it said very quickly, „Chu’mo, Chu’mo, make yourself small!” and it was again small and lay in the cradle. The eldest sister left her hiding place and hurried to meet the other sisters. „Oh, indeed! you were quite right. It is awful! What shall we do?” They talked for a long time, trying to find a way to get rid of Chu’mo. At last they took a kettle and filled it with reindeer meat. They hung it over a large fire to cook the meat. When the meat was done, they took it out, leaving the liquid and the fat to boil in the kettle. Then the eldest sister took the baby in her arms and said in a caressing way, “Look up there! A birdie is passing there.” The baby looked up, and at that moment the girl threw it into the kettle. They had nine driving reindeer: so they left behind everything else they had, and, taking these nine reindeer, they fled. Each sister drove one reindeer, leading the other two behind her sledge as relays. They hurried off at top speed. Chu’mo went in pursuit, kettle and all.

The fire was burning, the kettle was bubbling, the iron sides were clattering as Chu’mo gave chase to the three sisters. After a while he approached them. Then the youngest sister took her ivory comb and said to it, “O comb of ivory! You were a comb, now turn into a mountain of ivory, from earth to heaven, and from east to west.” She threw the comb back over her shoulder, and it turned into a big mountain, from earth to heaven, from east to west. It was just behind them: so they stopped close to it, took a rest, and ate a meal; then they attached fresh reindeer and hurried on. Chu’mo came to the ivory mountain and began to gnaw at it. Splinters of ivory flew in every direction. He gnawed it through, and went across, kettle and all, and gave chase again.

The youngest sister said, “Here, my sisters! put your ear to the ground. Perhaps he is pursuing us again.” They put an ear to the ground, and indeed the kettle was clattering quite close behind. Then the second sister took out a piece of flint. She said to the flint, “O flint! you were a piece of flint. Now turn into a mountain of flint, from earth to heaven, from east to west.” Then she threw the flint back over her shoulder. It turned instantly into a mountain of flint. They stopped near the mountain, and took a rest. They also had a meal, and, attaching fresh reindeer, started on again. Chu’mo came to the mountain and gnawed it. Chips of flint flew in every direction. He gnawed it through and went across it, kettle and all.

The second sister said to the other, “O sister! put your ear to the ground and try to hear whether he is following us again?” They listened, and, lo! the kettle was rattling quite close behind. Then the oldest sister took out a piece of steel from a strike-a-light. She said to the steel, “O steel! you were part of a strike-a-light and produced fire. Now turn into a river of fire from earth to heaven, from east to west.” Then she threw the steel back over her shoulder, and it turned into a river of fire, from earth to heaven, from east to west. Chu’mo came to that river and tried to cross it, but he was confused by the fire and perished there. „Ah,” he called after the sisters, „you ran away from me; but nevertheless my mother will catch you.” The sisters were hurrying on. All the reindeer fell and perished from exhaustion. The sisters sped onward on foot. At last they came to a river. It was quite deep, and there was no ford, so that they could not cross it. On the other side of the river sat an old woman scraping a skin. “Oh, grandmother! help us to cross the river!” “Ah, you dogs! cross it by your own skill.” “O grandmother! we cannot. Do help us!” The old woman stretched one of her legs across the river like a bridge, and they crossed over on it. „Where do you come from?” asked the old woman. „We ran away from Chu’mo. He wanted to eat us, but we burned him in a river of fire.” — „O, you dogs! Chu’mo is my only son. I shall punish you for it.” So she locked them in an empty storehouse, and hurried to help Chu’mo.

[After this follows the well-known episode detailing how the Fox saved the girls from the She-Monster, leaving in their stead clothes filled with twigs and ashes to be swallowed by the Monster. The narrator, however, declared that she had forgotten the details, and left the tale unfinished.]


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Yukaghir tale

A man and his wife announce their daughter’s name will secure her a husband, but it remains a secret until a weary servant unwittingly reveals it to a hareskin-clad Monster. The Monster marries the girl, taking her to his eerie underwater home of terrifying beings. She escapes on her winged horse and marries a hunter in a distant land. However, the Monster’s prophecy comes true — he returns after the birth of her three children. Using wit and magic, the woman and her fox ally thwart the Monster’s attempts to destroy them. The fox cleverly disposes of the Monster’s weapons, while the husband and the winged horse ultimately defeat him. The family moves to a safer land, ensuring a new beginning.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Forbidden Knowledge: The daughter’s name is kept secret, and the revelation of this hidden truth sets the events of the story in motion.

Trials and Tribulations: The daughter faces numerous challenges, including her abduction, escape, and the Monster’s subsequent return, testing her resilience and resourcefulness.

Cunning and Deception: The daughter and her fox ally employ wit and cleverness to thwart the Monster’s attempts to destroy them, showcasing the use of deception to achieve their goals.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Nicholas Kusakoff, a Russian creole, in the village of Pokhotsk in the Kolyma country, summer of 1895.

There lived a man with his wife. They had a daughter. The name of this daughter was kept secret. The father announced that whoever should guess her name should have her for a wife. There came traders and hunters and all kinds of able young men, but nobody could guess her name.

The couple had only a single female servant. The suitors were too many, and the housework was too hard for her. The servant had to fetch water, chop wood, and cook food. She had no rest at all. She toiled and toiled. One time she went to an ice hole to draw water, feeling wearied and unhappy. She wept and a tear fell into the water. At the same time she whispered to herself: “What is her name? They cannot guess it. Her name is, Kutika Mutika.” All of a sudden some air bubbles danced on the water; and a Monster appeared from the ice hole, clad in hareskin.

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So the Monster inquired, “What was it you whispered when crying over the ice hole?” At first the girl refused to answer; but after a while she said, “It is so and so. I feel wearied almost to death. And what is in her name, that they cannot guess it? Her name is simply Kutika Mutika.” The monster jumped out of the water and rushed off, so that the ice resounded. He came to the house of the girl. All the people laughed at him, “This ugly old man also wants to guess her name.” He hopped around on one leg, and said, “Her name is Spoon, her name is Ladle, her name is Big Fork, her name is Kettle-Hook.” Then suddenly he said, “Her name is Kutika Mutika.” All the people jumped up in wonder. The old father slapped himself on the mouth with the palm of his hand. The other suitors from mere shame and anger, left immediately without waiting for dinner to be served. The old Monster remained there. The next morning they were married. The father of the girl was wealthy and generous. He had a winged horse with a natural saddle and a natural bridle. He gave this horse to his daughter as her dowry, so she mounted it. The Monster held the halter of silk, and led the way down the river directly through the ice hole. He went down, and she followed him. They descended into the river and found a trail. They followed it for a long time. At last the girl said, “O, old man! I feel hungry and thirsty. Is it still far to your houses?” — “Why,” said the Monster, “Look there! Our houses are there.” She looked, and saw a number of large bunches of grass which were standing like so many houses. From under every bunch smoke ascended. He took her to the largest of the bunches and helped her down from her horse. All kinds of monsters jumped out from under the grass. One had no trunk of the body, another was without a nose, a third even without a face. Last of all there jumped out a one-eyed old woman clad in hareskin. She hopped about on one leg, and cried, “Oh, oh! he has brought a reindeer and a doe withal.” The young woman was frightened, so she cut the halter of the horse. The horse immediately flew up. It bolted through the ice-hole back to earth. It did not go back to the house of the bride’s father, however, but flew on steadily. The old Monster followed it, running below. After a long time the Monster was left behind. Then he shouted with all his might, “Mind, woman! You will marry somebody else, and you will have three children by him. The first one shall be a boy, and the second a girl, and the third again a boy. Bear in mind that then I shall come to you again!”

She wandered on, and came to a wild country unknown to any one. There she married a man, who was a mighty hunter. Not a single living thing could escape his skill. They had three children, — a boy and a girl, and again a boy. When the last was still an infant in the cradle, the husband one day said to his wife, “Give me your horse, I want to use it to go hunting.” The woman said, “Take the horse! but be careful when stopping in the woods! Tie it only to an old dry tree. Be sure not to tie it to a green tree.”

He used the horse once, twice, several times. At last one day he went into the woods. About the middle of the day he stopped for dinner, and quite forgot his wife’s warning about tying the horse, and tied it to a green tree.

In the meantime the woman busied herself about the house. She cooked food, then she raked up the burning coals and covered them with ashes, as is customary. The children were playing near the fireplace. All of a sudden something fumed and smouldered among the coals. She thought it was the children’s fault: so she grew angry, and said to the older boy, “Now, just scrape that off with a piece of wood and throw it on the floor!” He scraped it off on to the floor; and, lo! there was the Monster, clad in hareskin, sitting near the fireplace. She was so frightened that she nearly had a fit. Then she came to herself, and said, “I will bring some food from the storehouse.” She went off, and the older boy followed her. The Monster said, “Be quick! Hardly step out of the house, and you are back again!” So she took off one of her boots and squeezed it between the door and the doorpost. They had in the storehouse an old box clamped with twelve iron hoops. The woman said to the box, “You were a box clamped with twelve iron hoops. Now become a raised storehouse with twelve iron supports, and every support as thick as a man can embrace!”

So the box turned into a storehouse raised on twelve supports, each support as thick as a man could embrace. The woman and the boy were on top of the storehouse. Then she shouted, and called for her husband; but he was so far away, he could hardly hear her voice. When he heard it, he ran for the horse; but the horse had been left in the woods quite a way behind. The horse also tried to make itself free, but the green tree held it fast, notwithstanding all its efforts. The Monster went out of the house, and saw the iron storehouse. He grew very angry. First of all, he caught two of her children and swallowed them. The girl’s legs just passed through his mouth like a flash. “You also shall not escape,” said he, and began to vomit. After a few efforts he vomited out a large ax and attacked the iron supports. He chopped at them with supernatural force, and big iron splinters flew about. At this time a little She-Fox came and said, “O, granny! you are so tired, let me relieve you and chop a little in your stead!” He gave her the ax. She ran away and threw it into the sea. The monster vomited again and threw up a hatchet. With this he chopped at the supports with greater force than before. The Fox thought a little, then she wallowed in white clay and turned white, just like an arctic fox. She came to the Monster, and said again, “O granny! you are so tired, let me work in your stead for a while!” — “And who are you?” asked the Monster. “Methinks you are the same fox.” — “Oh, no!” said the Fox, “don’t you see! I am an arctic fox.” He gave her the hatchet, and the Fox threw it into the sea. The Monster vomited again and threw out a large lance. With this he chopped at the iron supports harder than ever. Eleven supports were cut down. Only the last was left, and the storehouse swayed to and fro upon its base. Then the winged horse with a last effort uprooted green tree and ran home. It rushed straight to the storehouse and with the iron hoofs it broke the Monster’s back. Then the husband also came home. He cut up the Monster and chopped its body into small pieces. He put what remained on a leather sledge cover and dragged it toward the sea. Then he threw all the remnants of the Monster’s body into the sea. After that they left, and wandered to another country. They lived there and had more children.


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The Alder-Block

This tale represents a version of the well-known European story. Several details, however, belong to the native life. The underground oven is a primitive device, although it is not used at present in northeastern Asia, being superseded by the so-called Russian oven, made of bricks or of beaten earth. In more ancient times, the oven dug in the ground may have been used by the natives.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Quest: Alder-Block Boy embarks on a journey across the sea to explore the world’s wonders, demonstrating the classic quest motif.

Family Dynamics: The relationship between Alder-Block Boy and his foster mother underscores themes of familial bonds and responsibilities.

Conflict with Authority: Alder-Block Boy challenges the witch Yagha and her daughters, who represent malevolent authority figures, by defying and defeating them.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Katherine Rumiantzev, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village of Pokhotsk, in the Kolyma country, summer of 1895.

There lived an old woman who had neither son nor daughter. One time after cooking supper, she climbed to the roof of her house to stop up the chimney hole. Then she heard from within a small child’s voice. She was much frightened, but still she descended hastily and ran into the house. An infant boy was lying on the floor. She swathed him in swaddling clothes, and prepared food for him. She fed him on blood soup and minced meat, and he grew from year to year. She gave him the name Alder-Block. He was an excellent carpenter, and made excellent canoes of boards and of hollowed tree trunks. One time he said to his foster mother, “Mother, let me leave. I want to visit all the wonders of earth and sea.” The woman said, “How can that be? And who will then procure food for me? You are almost full-grown. All my hope lies in you.” Nevertheless, he left at night and went away across the sea. He traveled and traveled, and at last he saw an island. On the island there stood a house. In it lived the witch, Yagha.

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[(Баба-Яга literally, “(old) woman Yagha”) is a she-monster often appearing in Old-Russian folk stories. It is presumed that in the Star mythology the witch Yagha was the personification of winter. Yaghishna is, properly speaking, the name of the daughter of Yagha, formed with the Old-Russian suffix shna, vna. Daughters of Yagha often appear in Russian tales; but their name, Yaghishna, Is known only in the Kolyma stories. And, by the way, those stories confuse the mother and her daughters, and call the witch Yagha also Yaghishna. Yagha, Yaghishna of the Russian tales of northeastern Asia, often appears as a being more like the American Snenek than the Old-Russian Yagha]

[Yagha] had three daughters, one Five-Eyes Girl; another, Six-Eyes Girl; and the third, Eight-Eyes Girl. She herself had ten eyes. The witch Yagha saw the canoe, and said to her daughters, “Here, girls! get ready! a small reindeer is coming from the sea. Do try and lure it hither.” The eldest daughter cooked flour-cakes. She filled a birchbark vessel as big as a man with them, and put it on the shore as a decoy. She hid herself near by in order to catch the boy as soon as he should land. The boy saw the birchbark vessel full of cakes. He came close to the shore, and said aloud, “First eye, fall asleep! second eye, fall asleep! third eye, fall asleep! fourth eye, fall asleep! fifth eye, fall asleep!” The girl fell asleep. He emptied the birchbark vessel into his canoe. He threw the vessel into the water, approached the girl, and, taking off his breeches, he defecated upon her head. After that he struck her back with the paddle, and broke her back. That done, he paddled away across the sea, back to his mother. So he brought to his mother all those cakes. She was much astonished. She asked him, “O child, Alder-Block Boy! where did you get all these cakes?” — “At such and such a place.” The boy told her everything. The old woman was very much scared. “Now,” she said, “I will not let you go even one step from my side. The witch Yagha will devour you.” That very night, as soon as the old woman had fallen asleep, Alder-Block descended toward the water, boarded his canoe, and set off again. The girls saw him, as before. They prepared a vessel with cakes, and put it out on the shore. The second sister hid nearby, ready to catch him. He paddled to the shore, and called out aloud, “First eye, fall asleep! second eye, fall asleep! third eye, fall asleep! and fourth and fifth and sixth eye fall asleep!” Again, the girl fell asleep. He emptied the vessel into his canoe. Then he defecated upon the girl, and broke her back with a blow of his paddle. Then he paddled back across the sea with his booty. The girl, however, came to, and crawled to her mother. The mother sprinkled her with the water of life and youth, and the girl became as sound as before.

The boy’s mother took the cakes, but she reproached him. “O, child, you go away secretly in the night time. I shall lose you and shall not know where to find you. The witch Yagha will devour you. Do stop these awful doings!” The very same night the boy went again. This time the youngest daughter tried to catch him. She also put upon the shore a vessel full of cakes, and hid near by. He paddled shoreward, and counted aloud, “First eye, fall asleep! second eye, fall asleep! third eye, fall asleep! Fourth and fifth and sixth and seventh and eighth, do fall asleep!” He took the cakes and defecated upon the girl. Then he struck her with the paddle upon the back and paddled away. The girl could hardly crawl back to her mother. The next day he came again. This time it was Yaghishna herself who tried to catch him. She put the vessel upon the shore and hid near by. He counted aloud, “First eye, fall asleep! second eye, fall asleep! third and fourth, fall asleep! fifth and sixth and seventh, do fall asleep! eighth and ninth, do fall asleep!” but he forgot the tenth eye. He took the vessel and emptied it into his canoe, but the witch did not stir. He took off his breeches and wanted to defecate upon her; then she caught him by the breeches and carried him home. “There you, dogs, you could not catch this small reindeer, but I have caught him.” They had an oven dug in the ground. The Yaghishna said, “I will call my brother; meanwhile cook this reindeer for our meal. When brother and I come back, we will have a meal of him.” She set off. The eldest daughter brought an iron shovel, and said to the boy, “Well, Alder-Block, sit down on the shovel.” He spread his legs and stretched his arms. She tried to put him down into the oven, but could not do it. “Why,” said she, “Alder-Block, you hold your body too clumsily. Sit down on the shovel, then draw up your legs and keep your arms together.” — “How together? I do not know how. You had better show me how.” — “Look here, you booby!” She took a seat on the shovel and held her body quite close. So he thrust her into the oven, snatched the shovel back, and shut the oven door. In this way he killed the eldest daughter of Yaghishna. The second daughter came and asked him, “Oh, Alder-Block, what makes it smell so strong here of something singed?” — “It does indeed,” said Alder-Block, “Your sister singed a leg of mine, and also an arm, but in the end took pity on me and allowed me to live.” — “I will show you what pity is. Sit down on the shovel, go your way down into the oven.” He spread his legs and stretched his arms just as before. By no means could she thrust him down the oven. “Oh, there! Alder-Block, you hold yourself quite in a wrong way. Draw up your legs and keep your arms together.” — “How together? I do not know how.” “Even so, you booby!” She sat down on the shovel and drew up her legs. He immediately thrust her down into the oven and shut the oven door. There she was roasted. The third one came too, the youngest one. “You, there, Alder-Block! why does it smell so here of something singed?” — “Yes, it does,” said Alder-Block. “Your second sister singed a leg of mine, and then also an arm. Then she took pity on me and let me live.” — “Oh, I will teach you what pity is! Sit down on the shovel, go your way down into the oven.” He spread his legs and stretched his arms. She could not thrust him in. “Oh, there, Alder-Block! You do not hold yourself right. You must draw up your legs and keep your arms together.” — “I do not know how. You must show me how.” She sat down on the shovel, and he thrust her into the oven. After a while all three were done just right. He took them out of the oven, and drew them up to the ground. Then he prepared the meal, cut the meat, and laid it out on dishes and in troughs. All these he arranged on a large table. He put the table near the large bed of Yaghishna, where she usually took her meals and concealed all three heads under the bed near her seat. He hid himself behind the chimney and waited for Yaghishna. After a while she came back. She was driving the mortar, urging it with a pestle, and effacing the traces of the sledge with a big broom. She had not found her brother at home. So she came all alone. She entered the house, and saw the food all ready for a meal: so she felt gratified, and exclaimed, “See there! my daughters have prepared the meal, and they themselves are gone, perhaps for a little walk.” She took a seat near the table and tried to eat, but the first mouthful stuck in her throat. “Oh, oh, oh!” said the witch, “what is the matter? Why does even the first mouthful stick so in my throat? Is it possible that Alder-Block is a kinsman of mine?” She took another morsel, but could not swallow it at all. She spat it out, and looked down under the bed, and there were the three heads of her daughters. She clapped her hands and wailed aloud, “Ah, you hound, Alder-Block! You have eaten all my daughters, and none has stuck in your throat.” She looked around, and found the boy behind the chimney. “Ah, ah, now I have you.” She caught him by the nape of the neck and hurled him across the room and back again. After a few kicks and pushes, he felt nearly dead. Then he called aloud, “O, granny! that is enough. I want to ease myself before I die.” — “Go, then, and ease yourself.” He ran to her storehouse. She had there two wells, — one full of water of life and youth, the other full of water of death. He drank his fill of the water of life and youth, then he changed the places of both wells. After that he came back. He caught Yaghishna and threw her across the room and back again. After a few kicks, she felt very feeble, and asked of him, “O, Alder-Block! I want to ease myself.” — “All right, you may go.” She went to the storehouse, and wanted to drink of the water of life and youth, but instead she drank of the water of death. After that she went back, hardly being able to move. As soon as she stepped over the sill, her belly burst, and she dropped down stone dead. The boy gathered all her wealth — the costly furs, dried meat and fish, and all kinds of provisions — and took it to his mother. He also took along the water of life and youth. His mother drank of the water and became quite young, like a fresh berry. He became immensely rich.

The end.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Grass-Blade-Girl

An old woman finds a miraculous blade of grass that transforms into a girl, Grass-Blade-Girl, whose beauty and magical abilities attract a suitor. On her journey to her husband’s home, she is abducted by the witch Yaghishna, who impersonates her. Eventually, the truth is revealed, and the suitor kills Yaghishna. Grass-Blade-Girl returns to her rightful place as his wife, embodying resilience and renewal.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The metamorphosis of the grass blade into a human girl highlights themes of change and transformation.

Supernatural Beings: The witch Yaghishna represents the involvement of supernatural entities influencing human affairs.

Trials and Tribulations: Grass-Blade-Girl’s journey, including her abduction and eventual rescue, illustrates the challenges and adversities she faces.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Katherine Rumiantzev, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village of Pokhotsk, in the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

An old woman lived all alone. She had no children. One time she went for a walk. She saw a patch of yellow grass. One blade was growing higher than any of the others. She gathered that grass for her bedding, and kept this long blade apart. She carried the grass home, put it under her mat and slept over it. In the night time the long blade became warm from the heat of her body.

In the morning the old woman mounted to the roof to open the chimney hole. Then she heard something crying in the house. It was the grass-blade which had turned into a little girl. The old woman swathed her in thin skins, fed her and nursed and caressed her. Thus Grass-Blade-Girl lived in her house and grew up. When the time came for her to be married she was a wonderful girl. When she wept her tears were costly pearls. When she smiled, her smile was all precious stones. She would swing her right sleeve, and sables and martens would drop from it.

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She would swing her left sleeve, and red foxes would fall out of it. She was also very pretty. The like of her was not to be met. A strong young man heard about her, and went to pay suit to her.

On his departure, he told his brothers, who had remained at home, to make arrows and to feather them well, that he might shoot with them sables and foxes for his future bride. He ordered them also to prepare bags for the skins, and boxes for the precious stones and pearls.

He went to the old woman and saw the girl. She was all that people had stated her to be. Pearls and precious stones dropped from her mouth, sables and foxes fell from her sleeves. He offered his suit, and was accepted. Then he married her and took her to his house. On the way, they passed the house of Yaghishna. Just as they were right opposite it, the bride said, “Oh, my dear! I am very thirsty. Bring me some water.” He took the ice-pick and went to a lake. He cut through the ice, but there was no water. The bottom was dry. He tried another place, and still another. There was no water anywhere, and at last he went so far toward the middle of the lake, that he disappeared from the sight of the woman. In the meantime the dogs of the, team scented the house of Yaghishna. So they rushed off with the sledge, and she could not keep them back. They arrived at Yaghishna’s door. The witch came out, took the young woman by the hand, and led her into the house. She made her take a place on a new reindeer skin, and went to prepare some food and hot tea for her; but when she took the first cup of tea, the witch unexpectedly pulled out the bedding from under her seat, and the young woman fell into an underground cellar a hundred fathoms deep, a hundred fathoms wide, and quite dark.

She prayed and prayed to be let out: “O grandmother! help me out! I will give you anything you may ask of me.” — “All right,” said the witch, “take off your clothes and give them to me, then I will help you out.” The young woman took off her clothes, saving only her undershirt, and made them into a bundle. The witch dropped a long line into the cellar. The young woman tied the bundle to the line. The witch pulled up the bundle, put on the clothes, and all at once became exactly like the young bride. So she took her place upon the sledge, and hurried back to the former place. After some time the husband came. He brought some water, but the bride refused to take it. “I do not want it. I did not ask you at all to fetch any water.” They even had a quarrel. “Why,” said the young man, “you were so thirsty. Have I not cut the ice maybe in twenty places to get water for you?”

After that they continued on their way. When they reached home all the people gathered to look upon the bride; but she had neither pearls nor sables. She coughed and spat, blew her nose; and only once a small glass bead fell down, which, moreover, was pierced awry. In due time, however, she bore a son. Her husband was an excellent hunter. He brought home geese and swans, reindeer and elks. The house was full of meat and of all kinds of skins. He passed most of his time in the open air, and paid no attention to the ways of his wife with their little boy. One time, however, he came home, and his wife prepared some dinner for him. While waiting for it, he took up the boy, who began to cry. “There,” said the man, “the boy is crying. It is time to give him some food.” The witch took the boy and turned her face toward the wall. After that she began to take off her left boot. He looked on with great wonder, and thought, “What is this? I wanted her to suckle the boy, and she takes off her boots.” The woman took off the boot, and instead of the breast she gave the boy her left heel to suck. He was very angry. “Why,” said her husband, “is this the way you feed our boy? Truly, you have grown up in the wild country, and you are of wild blood. You are good for nothing. I took you for a treasure, and instead you are an unclean thing. You suckle your boy in this unhallowed way. Tomorrow morning I shall take you back to your mother. I do not want you any longer.” They quarrelled all night long, and did not sleep. The next morning he carried her back to her mother. They arrived there, and lo, Grass-Blade-Girl was living with the old woman again.

She had been left quite naked in the underground cellar of Yaghishna’s house. When groping about in the cellar, she found it full of dead bodies of men and women. She heaped them up and mounted to the top. In this way she succeeded in making her escape. The Witch, though living far away in the house of the young man, became aware directly of the flight of her prisoner. She sent some bears and wolves in pursuit, which overtook the fugitive. They tore her to pieces, and the blood flowed all over the ground. A new thin yellowish-green grass grew up from the blood. The old woman found the grass, and gathered it; and so again she had in her house the same Grass-Blade-Girl, as before.

The young man carried his wife back to her mother, and found there also this Grass-Blade-Girl. He recognized her immediately as his former bride. They had supper, and then lay down to sleep. The old woman said to Grass-Blade-Girl, “Tell us a tale.” So the girl began, “There lived an old woman. She found a yellowish-green grass blade and took it home. She put it under her bedding. The next morning she went out to open the chimney-hole, and something was crying within the house. The grass-blade had turned into a little girl. The girl grew up, and a young man came and married her. He took her to his house. On the way she asked for a drink. The bridegroom went for some water. Near the trail stood the house of Yaghishna. The dogs scented it and rushed there.”

As soon as she reached this place in the story, Yaghishna grew angry and interrupted her. “Enough of your prattling! We want to sleep. No need of your silly tales!” — “Not so fast,” said the husband. He took Yaghishna and with twelve new arrows he shot her dead in front of the house. Then he carried Grass-Blade-Girl to his house.

The end.


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A bear tale

A beautiful Tungus girl is abducted by a bear and becomes his wife. Rescued by her shaman brother-in-law, who defeats the bear in a mystical battle, she returns home, traumatized but alive. Months later, she gives birth to a boy with bear ears, named Bear-Ear, who grows into a mighty hunter, blending human and bear traits.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The bear exhibits human-like behavior, abducting a woman and providing for her, indicating a supernatural aspect.

Quest: The shaman brother-in-law embarks on a mystical journey to rescue the abducted woman.

Family Dynamics: The narrative explores complex relationships, including the woman’s abduction, her marriage to the bear, and the birth of their hybrid child.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Nicholas Kusakoff, a Russian creole in the village of Pokhotsk, in the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

A clan of the Tungus lived in three tents. The family in the first tent had two daughters. The elder daughter was married, and the younger lived at home. She was very pretty; and her parents made her sit in her sleeping room all the time, lest any strange eye should behold her beauty. An old woman lived with her, who gave her drink and food, and acted as a nurse. Even her parents rarely visited her. Once in a while in the night time she would go noiselessly to their sleeping room to be caressed by them.

One time when she was sitting alone in her sleeping room the lower edge of the cover was lifted up. No human hand appeared, but the flap of the cover continued to be lifted up, and at last there appeared a bear’s muzzle. The girl was so badly frightened that she could not cry. The bear entered the sleeping room as far as his belly, and then caught the girl.

► Continue reading…

He covered her mouth with his huge paw, and carried her off to his lair. It was in the middle of the fall; so he put her into the lair, and went in himself. He stopped up the entrance, as bears do, and they slept. They slept most of the time, but sometimes the girl would wake up and feel hungry. Then she would make known to the bear by signs that she wanted food. He would growl, stretch out one of his paws toward her, and she would suck at the thickest part of it. After she had sucked a while, fat would drip from it. She felt satisfied and went to sleep again. One time, as the days grew longer, the girl was awakened by a heavy weight that was pressing her down. She was unable to resist, and so became the wife of the bear.

At last the warm season came again. The bear left his lair and roamed about, looking for food. Every day he brought back all kinds of game — reindeer, hare, or at least ptarmigan. He never came home without something. He ate the raw meat. She could not eat it. So she prayed to the bear, “O bear! grandfather. You see I cannot eat raw meat. How shall I subsist? Please bring me some fire!”

[The Russianized natives of the Kolyma have a very strong superstitious fear of the bear. They never mention its name, but call him “he” or “grandfather.” The bear is considered as a mighty shaman, the man of the wood. “He knows everything,” say the people. None of them dares to attack a bear, even when the latter comes to the fishing camp and plunders the stores of dried fish and oil. Even the setting of deadfalls for bears is considered by most people as a sin against the bear. It is curious to notice that among the natives (Yukaghir, Tungus, Chukchee) this kind of superstitious fear and worship, though it also exists, is never felt to such an extent as among the Russian creoles and the Russianized natives.]

He let forth a growl and set off. For a long time he did not return. Then he brought in his mouth a firebrand. He procured a knife and an ax (goodness knows where he got them!); and, moreover, he brought her large masses of every kind of meat. She made a fire, and roasted the meat on wooden spits. On this she lived all the time.

All the snow had melted off, and patches of last year’s berries appeared. She roamed about, picking berries for her own food and also for the bear. Once she heard a human voice. She hurried to the place whence it came. It was the voice of her brother-in-law. He was a great shaman, and since the fall had been looking for her on land and on water, but had found no trace of her. Now she heard his call. She hurried to the spot, pretending, however, to pick berries along the way. He came toward her, and they met, “What is the matter with you?” asked the shaman. “Who caught you and carried you away?” She answered, “A bear carried me away, and made me his wife. He keeps me close to the lair, and does not allow me to wander far away.” — “Ah!” said the man, “even now when you go back, he will be very angry, and he will give you a severe thrashing with his heavy paws. Then you must say to him, ‘O, grandfather! why do you beat me thus? The berries are getting scarce, and, moreover, I feel a great longing for my parents and family, and this makes me restless.’ Be that as it may, you must come again to this place.” Then she went back. The bear was very angry. He pawed the ground and threw it about in great lumps. Then he caught the woman and gave her a severe thrashing. The woman said, “O, grandfather! why do you torture me so? The berries are getting scarce, and, besides, a longing for my people overpowers me. I am growing restless, and cannot stay in the same place.” The bear ceased beating her. The next morning she awoke and prepared some food for herself. She ate her meal, and then set off, pretending to go berrying. As soon, however, as she was out of sight of the bear, she ran as fast as her legs would carry her to the place where she had met her brother-in-law who was already there expecting her. He said, “You must run on with all your might.” He dropped to the ground, and turned into a big bear with a bell on his left ear. He rushed off to meet the other bear. On his departure, he said to her, “Run as fast as you can, but in running try to listen behind you. When the earth begins to tremble and to sway right and left, then know that we have met. Listen to the bell! If it rings with a full sound, then know that I have conquered; but if the sound grows fainter, then it is that he has vanquished me. Know then that you also will not live.” She ran off, but tried to listen. At last the ground trembled. The bell was ringing quite loud; but gradually the sound grew fainter and fainter, and then ceased altogether. “Oh,” thought the woman, “we are lost!” She ran off in more haste than ever. Then all at once the bell sounded again, stronger and stronger. Her brother-in-law had vanquished the other one and was coming back. She arrived at home, but did not enter neither the sleeping room of her parents nor her own. She entered the sleeping room of her sister who was sleeping. She fell down at her side and lost consciousness. Her brother-in-law arrived soon after her and resumed the form of a man. He awakened his wife and their parents, and they tried to restore the girl. She was very ill, however, and swooned again and again. The bear spirit was tormenting and oppressing her. After three days she came to, and in a few months she gave birth to a boy, who had bear-ears. This boy grew up and became a strong hunter. His name was Bear-Ear.

That is all.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Yukaghir tale

An old man feigns death to secretly eat an elk he had hidden. After being caught by his wife, who uses a ptarmigan to attack him, he returns home and confesses. The old woman scolds him, ensuring he shares the elk with her. Reunited, they resume their life together, learning the value of honesty and sharing.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Both the old man’s ruse and the old woman’s clever use of the ptarmigan to expose his deceit highlight the use of wit and trickery.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts the value of honesty and the importance of sharing within a family.

Retribution and Justice: The old woman’s actions serve as a form of retribution, ensuring that the old man faces consequences for his selfishness.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by Katherine Rumiantzev, a Russianized Yukaghir woman, in the village of Pokhotsk, in the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

There once lived an old man and his wife. They had an only son. They lived together for a long time. One day the old man came home from the woods and said to his wife, “O wife! I am going to die tomorrow morning. Here in the neighborhood is a small abandoned hut. Put my body there; and take with it a kettle and an ax, a strike-a-light, and some food.” The next morning the old man was as if dead. The old woman cried over him; then she put his body, with everything required, upon a sledge, and hauled it to the funeral place. The boy went along, and helped his mother haul it. On the way they came to a brook. The old woman pulled across it with all her might, and at last broke wind. The old man giggled. The boy noticed it, and said, “There, mother, father is laughing!” The old woman grew very angry and struck the boy. “He is dead. How could he laugh?” They continued hauling the sledge, and after a while they came to another brook. Again the old woman pulled with great force and broke wind.

► Continue reading…

The old man giggled again; and the boy said, “See here! father is laughing.” She struck him again. “Why, you liar! our father is dead.” They came to the abandoned hut, and put the old man inside. They shut the door and went away. After a few days the boy passed by the house, and he saw smoke ascending from the chimney-hole. He ran to his mother. “Mother, come! There is smoke over that hut.” She went, and saw the smoke. Then she approached with great caution and looked in. The old man was making a fire. He was cooking some fat meat over the fire. Before he feigned death he had killed a big fat elk, and had hidden it in the hut; and he now was eating it all alone. The old woman went home and said to the boy, “Go and set some snares for ptarmigan. I want some ptarmigan.” The boy set his snares and caught a ptarmigan and brought it to his mother alive. The old woman took the ptarmigan and plucked it well, leaving only the wings. Then she spoke to the ptarmigan as follows: “O ptarmigan! you have wings, and your talons are sharp and pointed. Now fly off to my old man, enter his hut through the chimney hole, and scratch his body with your sharp talons. Draw blood from his body with your talons.” The ptarmigan flew to the hut, and dropped into it through the chimney hole. It attacked the old man and lacerated his body with its sharp talons. The old man was much frightened. He left the hut and ran home to his old woman. He came to the house, but the door was shut tight. He said in the Yukaghir language, “Oh, there, old woman! Open the door!” — “Why should I open it? You are not my old man. My old man is dead.” — “No,” said he, “I am really your old man.” — “How can that be? From which world, then, did you come, — from this one, or from the other one?” — “So help me God! I am really your old man.” She opened the door and then snatched the poker and beat him on the head. “Mind you do not eat alone without your old woman!” The old woman swore that he should never do that again. He brought home the elk carcass, and they continued to live together.

That is all.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page