The Battle of the Crabs

A group of land crabs, annoyed by noisy waves, decides to wage war against them. A shrimp mocks their plan, but after being pinched, agrees to help. At the shore, the crabs mock the shrimp’s backward gaze, miss the approaching waves, and are drowned. Their wives, seeking them, meet the same fate. Their descendants now scurry along the shore, embodying their ancestors’ doomed defiance.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The crabs’ decision to wage war against the waves represents a struggle against natural forces.

Cunning and Deception: The shrimp’s initial mockery and subsequent reluctant agreement to assist the crabs involve elements of wit and subtle deceit.

Tragic Flaw: The crabs’ hubris and failure to recognize their limitations lead to their downfall.

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One day the land crabs had a meeting and one of them said: “What shall we do with the waves? They sing so loudly all the time that we cannot possibly sleep.”

“Well,” answered one of the oldest of the crabs, “I think we should make war on them.”

The others agreed to this, and it was decided that the next day all the male crabs should get ready to fight the waves. They started for the sea, as agreed, when they met a shrimp.

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“Where are you going, my friends?” asked the shrimp.

“We are going to fight the waves,” answered the crabs, “for they make so much noise at night that we cannot sleep.”

“I do not think you will succeed,” said the shrimp, “for the waves are very strong and your legs are so weak that even your bodies bend almost to the ground when you walk.” Wherewith he laughed loudly.

This made the crabs very angry, and they pinched the shrimp until he promised to help them win the battle.

Then they all went to the shore. But the crabs noticed that the eyes of the shrimp were set unlike their own, so they thought his must be wrong and they laughed at him and said:

“Friend shrimp, your face is turned the wrong way. What weapon have you to fight with the waves?”

“My weapon is a spear on my head,” replied the shrimp, and just then he saw a big wave coming and ran away. The crabs did not see it, however, for they were all looking toward the shore, and they were covered with water and drowned.

By and by the wives of the crabs became worried because their husbands did not return, and they went down to the shore to see if they could help in the battle. No sooner had they reached the water, however, than the waves rushed over them and killed them.

Some time after this thousands of little crabs appeared near the shore, and the shrimp often visited them and told them of the sad fate of their parents. Even today these little crabs can be seen on the shore, continually running back and forth. They seem to rush down to fight the waves, and then, as their courage fails, they run back to the land where their forefathers lived. They neither live on dry land, as their ancestors did, nor in the sea where the other crabs are, but on the beach where the waves wash over them at high tide and try to dash them to pieces.


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The Spider and the Fly

This story explains the enduring animosity between spiders and flies. Mr. Spider repeatedly proposed to Miss Fly, who consistently rejected him. When he approached her house once more, she defended herself by throwing boiling water at him. Enraged, Mr. Spider vowed eternal enmity toward her and her kind. This tale illustrates their timeless conflict, symbolizing nature’s perpetual predator-prey dynamics.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative portrays the conflict between Mr. Spider’s persistent advances and Miss Fly’s defensive actions, highlighting the struggle between opposing forces.

Cunning and Deception: Miss Fly’s clever tactic of using boiling water to fend off Mr. Spider demonstrates the use of wit to achieve her goal.

Conflict with Nature: The story reflects the natural animosity between spiders and flies, symbolizing inherent conflicts in the animal kingdom.

► From the same Region or People

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Mr. Spider wanted to marry Miss Fly. Many times he told her of his love and begged her to become his wife, but she always refused for she did not like him. One day when she saw Mr. Spider coming again Miss Fly closed all the doors and windows of her house and made ready a pot of boiling water. Then she waited, and when Mr. Spider called, begging her to allow him to enter, she answered by throwing boiling water at him. This made Mr. Spider very angry and he cried: “I will never forgive you for this, but I and my descendants will always despise you. We will never give you any peace.” Mr. Spider kept his word, and even today one can see the hatred of the spider for the fly.

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The Hawk and the Hen

A hawk proposes to a hen, who accepts on the condition of growing wings like his. She receives an engagement ring but later discards it under pressure from a jealous cock. When the hawk returns, he discovers the ring missing. Angered by her deceit, he vows to return only if she finds it, punishing hens to eternally scratch the ground, searching for the lost ring.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Forbidden Love: The hen’s acceptance of the hawk’s proposal goes against societal expectations, especially considering her prior promise to the cock.

Cunning and Deception: The hen deceives the hawk about the fate of the ring, leading to consequences for her actions.

Transformation through Love: The hen’s interactions with the hawk and the cock lead to a transformation in her behavior, symbolized by the eternal scratching for the lost ring.

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A hawk flying about in the sky one day decided that he would like to marry a hen whom he often saw on earth. He flew down and searched until he found her, and then asked her to become his wife. She at once gave her consent on the condition that he would wait until she could grow wings like his, so that she might also fly high. The hawk agreed and flew away, after giving her a ring as an engagement present and telling her to take good care of it.

The hen was very proud of the ring and placed it around her neck. The next day, however, she met the cock who looked at her in astonishment and said:

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“Where did you get that ring? Do you not know that you promised to be my wife? You must not wear the ring of anyone else. Throw it away.”

And the hen threw away the beautiful ring.

Not long after this the hawk came down bringing beautiful feathers to dress the hen. When she saw him coming she was frightened and ran to hide behind the door, but the hawk called to her to come and see the beautiful dress he had brought her.

The hen came out, and the hawk at once saw that the ring was gone.

“Where is the ring I gave you?” he asked. “Why do you not wear it?”

The hen was frightened and ashamed to tell the truth so she answered:

“Oh, sir, yesterday when I was walking in the garden, I met a large snake and he frightened me so that I ran as fast as I could to the house. Then I missed the ring and I searched everywhere but could not find it.”

The hawk looked sharply at the hen, and he knew that she was deceiving him. Then he said to her:

“I did not believe that you could behave so badly. When you have found the ring I will come down again and make you my wife. But as a punishment for breaking your promise, you must always scratch the ground to look for the ring. And every chicken of yours that I find, I shall snatch away.”

Then he flew away, and ever since all the hens throughout the world have been scratching to find the hawk’s ring.


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Why Dogs Wag their Tails

A wealthy man tasked his loyal dog and cunning cat to deliver a magic ring to his daughter. When faced with a river, the dog insisted on carrying the ring, but accidentally lost it in the swift current. Ashamed, the dog fled, while the cat returned with the sad news. The master’s anger led to a tale explaining dogs’ greeting rituals and cats’ fear of water.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The cunning cat plays a significant role in the narrative, showcasing wit and cleverness.

Origin of Things: It explains the reasons behind certain animal behaviors, such as why dogs wag their tails and cats avoid water.

Conflict with Authority: The animals face repercussions from their master, highlighting the consequences of failing to fulfill duties.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


A rich man in a certain town once owned a dog and a cat, both of which were very useful to him. The dog had served his master for many years and had become so old that he had lost his teeth and was unable to fight any more, but he was a good guide and companion to the cat who was strong and cunning.

The master had a daughter attending school at a convent some distance from home, and very often he sent the dog and the cat with presents to the girl. One day he called the faithful animals and bade them carry a magic ring to his daughter.

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“You are strong and brave,” he said to the cat “You may carry the ring, but you must be careful not to drop it”

And to the dog he said: “You must accompany the cat to guide her and keep her from harm.”

They promised to do their best, and started out. All went well until they came to a river. As there was neither bridge nor boat, there was no way to cross but to swim.

“Let me take the magic ring,” said the dog as they were about to plunge into the water.

“Oh, no,” replied the cat, “the master gave it to me to carry.”

“But you cannot swim well,” argued the dog. “I am strong and can take good care of it.”

But the cat refused to give up the ring until finally the dog threatened to kill her, and then she reluctantly gave it to him.

The river was wide and the water so swift that they grew very tired, and just before they reached the opposite bank the dog dropped the ring. They searched carefully, but could not find it anywhere, and after a while they turned back to tell their master of the sad loss. Just before reaching the house, however, the dog was so overcome with fear that he turned and ran away and never was seen again.

The cat went on alone, and when the master saw her coming he called out to know why she had returned so soon and what had become of her companion. The poor cat was frightened, but as well as she could she explained how the ring had been lost and how the dog had run away.

On hearing her story the master was very angry, and commanded that all his people should search for the dog, and that it should be punished by having its tail cut off.

He also ordered that all the dogs in the world should join in the search, and ever since when one dog meets another he says: “Are you the old dog that lost the magic ring? If so, your tail must be cut off.” Then immediately each shows his teeth and wags his tail to prove that he is not the guilty one.

Since then, too, cats have been afraid of water and will not swim across a river if they can avoid it.


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Mansumandig

A poor man, Mansumandig, attempts to earn money by selling rice at the same price he buys it, unknowingly making no profit. His wife, realizing his folly, takes over their finances, weaving hemp into cloth and turning a modest investment into significant wealth. With her earnings, they buy carabao, improve their farming, and secure a comfortable life, teaching the value of resourcefulness and practical business acumen.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Family Dynamics: The interaction between Mansumandig and his wife reflects the dynamics of marital partnership, where the wife’s intervention and management of finances lead to the family’s improved circumstances.

Trials and Tribulations: The couple faces economic hardship, and through perseverance and adaptation, they overcome their challenges, demonstrating resilience in the face of adversity.

Cunning and Deception: While not involving deceit towards others, the wife’s cleverness in identifying the flaw in her husband’s business approach and devising a successful strategy underscores the theme of using wit to achieve goals.

► From the same Region or People

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One day a man said to his wife: “My wife, we are getting very poor and I must go into business to earn some money.” – “That is a good idea,” replied his wife. “How much capital have you?” – “I have twenty-five centavos,” answered the man; “and I am going to buy rice and carry it to the mines, for I have heard that it brings a good price there.”

So he took his twenty-five centavos and bought a half-cavan of rice which he carried on his shoulder to the mine. Arriving there he told the people that he had rice for sale, and they asked eagerly how much he wanted for it.

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“Why, have you forgotten the regular price of rice?” asked the man. “It is twenty-five centavos.”

They at once bought the rice, and the man was very glad because he would not have to carry it any longer. He put the money in his belt and asked if they would like to buy any more.

“Yes,” said they, “we will buy as many cavans as you will bring.”

When the man reached home his wife asked if he had been successful.

“Oh, my wife,” he answered, “it is a very good business. I could not take the rice off my shoulder before the people came to buy it.”

“Well, that is good,” said the wife; “we shall become very rich.”

The next morning the man bought a half-cavan of rice the same as before and carried it to the mine and when they asked how much it would be, he said:

“It is the same as before–twenty-five centavos.” He received the money and went home.

“How is the business today?” asked his wife.

“Oh, it is the same as before,” he said. “I could not take the rice off my shoulder before they came for it.”

And so he went on with his business for a year, each day buying a half-cavan of rice and selling it for the price he had paid for it. Then one day his wife said that they would balance accounts, and she spread a mat on the floor and sat down on one side of it, telling her husband to sit on the opposite side. When she asked him for the money he had made during the year, he asked:

“What money?”

“Why, give me the money you have received,” answered his wife; “and then we can see how much you have made.”

“Oh, here it is,” said the man, and he took the twenty-five centavos out of his belt and handed it to her.

“Is that all you have received this year?” cried his wife angrily. “Haven’t you said that rice brought a good price at the mines?”

“That is all,” he replied.

“How much did you pay for the rice?”

“Twenty-five centavos.”

“How much did you receive for it?”

“Twenty-five centavos.”

“Oh, my husband,” cried his wife, “how can you make any gain if you sell it for just what you paid for it.”

The man leaned his head against the wall and thought. Ever since then he has been called “Mansumandig,” a man who leans back and thinks.

Then the wife said, “Give me the twenty-five centavos, and I will try to make some money.” So he handed it to her, and she said, “Now you go to the field where the people are gathering hemp and buy twenty-five centavos worth for me, and I will weave it into cloth.”

When Mansumandig returned with the hemp she spread it in the sun, and as soon as it was dry she tied it into a long thread and put it on the loom to weave. Night and day she worked on her cloth, and when it was finished she had eight varas. This she sold for twelve and a half centavos a vara, and with this money she bought more hemp. She continued weaving and selling her cloth, and her work was so good that people were glad to buy from her.

At the end of a year she again spread the mat on the floor and took her place on one side of it, while her husband sat on the opposite side. Then she poured the money out of the blanket in which she kept it upon the mat. She held aside her capital, which was twenty-five centavos, and when she counted the remainder she found that she had three hundred pesos. Mansumandig was greatly ashamed when he remembered that he had not made cent, and he leaned his head against the wall and thought After a while the woman pitied him, so she gave him the money and told him to buy carabao.

He was able to buy ten carabao and with these he plowed his fields. By raising good crops they were able to live comfortably all the rest of their lives.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Virtue of the Cocoanut

A hunter discovers a peculiar young coconut tree during a hunt and decides to bring it home. When its leaves wilt during the journey, he revives it with the blood of his hunted animals: a bird, a monkey, and a pig. The tree flourishes and becomes a source of tuba (coconut liquor). The hunter links tuba’s effects to the animals: chatter like the bird, silliness like the monkey, and drunken slumber like the pig.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the origin of tuba, a traditional coconut liquor, and attributes its effects to the animals whose blood nourished the tree.

Transformation: The young coconut tree undergoes a transformation from a wilting plant to a flourishing tree, thanks to the infusion of animal blood.

Conflict with Nature: The hunter’s journey involves interactions with various animals and the natural environment, highlighting the challenges and relationships between humans and nature.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


One day a man took his blow-gun and his dog and went to the forest to hunt. As he was making his way through the thick woods he chanced upon a young cocoanut tree growing in the ground. It was the first tree of this kind that he had ever seen, and it seemed so peculiar to him that he stopped to look at it.

When he had gone some distance farther, his attention was attracted by a noisy bird in a tree, and he shot it with his blow-gun. By and by he took aim at a large monkey, which mocked him from another treetop, and that, too, fell dead at his feet.

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Then he heard his dog barking furiously in the distant bushes, and hastening to it he found it biting a wild pig. After a hard struggle he killed the pig, and then, feeling satisfied with his success, he took the three animals on his back and returned to the little plant.

“I have decided to take you home with me, little plant,” he said, “for I like you and you may be of some use to me.”

He dug up the plant very carefully and started home, but he had not gone far when he noticed that the leaves had begun to wilt, and he did not know what to do, since he had no water. Finally, in despair, he cut the throat of the bird and sprinkled the blood on the cocoanut. No sooner had he done this than the plant began to revive, and he continued his journey.

Before he had gone far, however, the leaves again began to wilt, and this time he revived it with the blood of the monkey. Then he hastened on, but a third time the leaves wilted, and he was compelled to stop and revive it with the blood of the pig. This was his last animal, so he made all the haste possible to reach home before his plant died. The cocoanut began to wilt again before he reached his house, but when he planted it in the ground, it quickly revived, and grew into a tall tree.

This hunter was the first man to take the liquor called tuba from the cocoanut tree, and he and his friends began to drink it. After they had become very fond of it, the hunter said to his friends:

“The cocoanut tree is like the three animals whose blood gave it life when it would have died. The man who drinks three or four cups of tuba becomes like the noisy bird that I shot with my blow-gun. One who drinks more than three or four cups becomes like the big monkey that acts silly; and one who becomes drunk is like the pig that sleeps even in a mud-hole.”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The First Monkey

Long ago, in a hillside town, a lazy boy lived with his hardworking grandmother, who earned a living by processing cotton. One day, after losing at gambling, he angrily threw coconut shells at her. In her fury, she struck him with her spindle, transforming him into a monkey. Fleeing to the forest, he turned his gambling friends into monkeys too, marking their origin.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The narrative provides an explanation for the existence of monkeys in the world.

Divine Punishment: The grandmother’s act of turning her grandson into a monkey serves as retribution for his disrespect and laziness.

Family Dynamics: The relationship between the boy and his grandmother highlights intergenerational challenges and conflicts.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


Many years ago at the foot of a forest-covered hill was a small town, and just above the town on the hillside was a little house in which lived an old woman and her grandson.

The old woman, who was very industrious, earned their living by removing the seeds from cotton, and she always had near at hand a basket in which were cotton and a long stick that she used for a spindle. The boy was lazy and would not do anything to help his grandmother, but every day went down to the town and gambled.

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One day, when he had been losing money, the boy went home and was cross because his supper was not ready.

“I am hurrying to get the seeds out of this cotton,” said the grandmother, “and as soon as I sell it, I will buy us some food.”

At this the boy fell into a rage, and he picked up some cocoanut shells and threw them at his grandmother. Then she became angry and began to whip him with her spindle, when suddenly he was changed into an ugly animal, and the cotton became hair which covered his body, while the stick itself became his tail.

As soon as the boy found that he had become an ugly creature he ran down into the town and began whipping his companions, the gamblers, with his tail, and immediately they were turned into animals like himself.

Then the people would no longer have them in the town, but drove them out. They went to the forest where they lived in the trees, and ever since they have been known as monkeys.


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The Sun and the Moon

The tale explains the origin of the stars, the Moon’s markings, and the Sun and Moon’s eternal chase. Once married, the Sun’s intense heat burned their star-children, angering the Moon. After disobedience, the Sun caused more harm, prompting a quarrel where the Moon was marked with sand. Their chase across the sky symbolizes their unresolved conflict, creating a timeless celestial dance.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale provides an explanation for the creation of stars and the celestial dynamics between the Sun and Moon.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The narrative reflects the balance and discord in the cosmos, represented by the harmonious creation of star-children and the subsequent chaos following their destruction.

Love and Betrayal: The initial union between the Sun and Moon, followed by the Sun’s actions leading to the loss of their children and the ensuing conflict, highlights themes of love and betrayal.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


Once upon a time the Sun and the Moon were married, and they had many children who were the stars. The Sun was very fond of his children, but whenever he tried to embrace any of them, he was so hot that he burned them up. This made the Moon so angry that finally she forbade him to touch them again, and he was greatly grieved. One day the Moon went down to the spring to do some washing, and when she left she told the Sun that he must not touch any of their children in her absence. When she returned, however, she found that he had disobeyed her, and several of the children had perished.

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She was very angry, and picked up a banana tree to strike him, whereupon he threw sand in her face, and to this day you can see the dark marks on the face of the Moon.

Then the Sun started to chase her, and they have been going ever since. Sometimes he gets so near that he almost catches her, but she escapes, and by and by she is far ahead again.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page