Lion’s Defeat

The animals once gathered at Lion’s. While Lion slept, Jackal tricked Little Fox into tying Lion’s tail to a shrub with ostrich sinews. When Lion awoke, he angrily interrogated the animals. All denied guilt except Little Fox, who confessed. Lion broke free and chased Little Fox but failed to catch him, proving Jackal’s boast of Little Fox’s speed. Lion was defeated.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Jackal plays the role of the cunning trickster by persuading Little Fox to tie Lion’s tail, leading to Lion’s embarrassment.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the mischievous yet harmless intentions of the animals against Lion’s potential for violence, illustrating the struggle between opposing forces.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts lessons about the consequences of pride and the value of intelligence over physical power.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The wild animals, it is said, were once assembled at Lion’s. When Lion was asleep, Jackal persuaded Little Fox to twist a rope of ostrich sinews, in order to play Lion a trick. They took ostrich sinews, twisted them, and fastened the rope to Lion’s tail, and the other end of the rope they tied to a shrub. When Lion awoke, and saw that he was tied up, he became angry, and called the animals together. When they had assembled, Lion said (using this form of conjuration):

► Continue reading…

“What child of his mother and father’s love,
Whose mother and father’s love has tied me?”

Then answered the animal to whom the question was first put:

“I, child of my mother and father’s love,
I, mother and father’s love, I have not done it.”

All answered the same; but when he asked Little Fox, Little Fox said:

“I, child of my mother and father’s love,
I, mother and father’s love, have tied thee!”

Then Lion tore the rope made of sinews, and ran after Little Fox. But Jackal said:

 “My boy, thou son of lean Mrs. Fox, thou wilt never be caught.”

Truly Lion was thus beaten in running by Little Fox.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Lion and Baboon

Baboon cleverly avoided Lion’s attack by using deception. He placed shiny, eye-like plates on the back of his head, confusing Lion into thinking Baboon was watching him even when turned away. As Lion crept closer, Baboon feigned ignorance. When Lion finally leapt, Baboon dodged, causing Lion to fall off the precipice and perish, outwitted by Baboon’s quick thinking.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Baboon uses cunning and deception to outsmart Lion.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative showcases the battle between opposing forces, with Baboon representing good and Lion representing evil.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts a lesson on the value of intelligence over brute strength.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Baboon, it is said, once worked bamboos, sitting on the edge of a precipice, and Lion stole upon him. Baboon, however, had fixed some round, glistening, eye-like plates on the back of his head. When, therefore, Lion crept upon him, he thought, when Baboon was looking at him, that he sat with his back towards him, and crept with all his might upon him. When, however, Baboon turned his back towards him, Lion thought that he was seen, and hid himself. Thus, when Baboon looked at him, he crept upon him. [Whilst Baboon did this, Lion came close upon him.]

► Continue reading…

When he was near him Baboon looked up, and Lion continued to creep upon him. Baboon said (aside), “Whilst I am looking at him he steals upon me, whilst my hollow eyes are on him.”

When at last Lion sprung at him, he lay (quickly) down upon his face, and Lion jumped over him, falling down the precipice, and was dashed to pieces.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Jackal’s Bride

Jackal married Hyena and stole a cow from the ants for their wedding feast. While cooking, Lion tried to join but was tricked and fatally burned by Jackal. When the ants arrived seeking their cow, Jackal fled, leaving Hyena to be beaten. Mistaking them for Jackal, Hyena confronted them but realized the truth too late and fled in panic, narrowly escaping.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning and deceit to achieve his goals, such as stealing a cow from the ants and deceiving Lion.

Good vs. Evil: The story contrasts the malicious actions of Jackal against the more innocent characters, illustrating the classic struggle between malevolent and benevolent forces.

Revenge and Justice: The ants’ pursuit of their stolen cow and the subsequent beating of Hyena reflect themes of retribution and the pursuit of justice for wrongdoings.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Jackal, it is said, married Hyena, and carried off a cow belonging to the ants, to slaughter her for the wedding; and when he had slaughtered her, he put the cowskin over his bride; and when he had fixed a pole (on which to hang the flesh), he placed on the top of the pole (which was forked) the hearth for the cooking, in order to cook upon it all sorts of delicious food. There came also Lion, and wished to go up. Jackal, therefore, asked his little daughter for a thong with which he could pull Lion up; and he began to pull him up; and when his face came near to the cooking-pot, he cut the thong in two, so that Lion tumbled down.

► Continue reading…

Then Jackal upbraided his little daughter with these words: “Why do you give me such an old thong?” And he added, “Give me a fresh thong.” She gave him a new thong, and he pulled Lion up again, and when his face came near the pot, which stood on the fire, he said, “open your mouth.” Then he put into his mouth a hot piece of quartz which had been boiled together with the fat, and the stone went down, burning his throat. Thus died Lion.

There came also the ants running after the cow, and when Jackal saw them he fled. Then they beat the bride in her brookaross dress. Hyena, believing that it was Jackal, said:

“You tawny rogue! have you not played at beating long enough? Have you no more loving game than this?”

But when she had bitten a hole through the cowskin, she saw that they were other people; then she fled, falling here and there, yet made her escape.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Jackal and Monkey

Clever Jackal repeatedly stole lambs from a Boer’s kraal but was eventually caught in a trap. When Monkey mocked him, Jackal tricked Monkey into taking his place in the noose. As the Boer arrived, Jackal fled, leaving Monkey to face the blame. Despite Monkey’s protests, the Boer believed him guilty and tragically shot him, ensuring Jackal escaped unpunished.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning to deceive the Monkey into taking his place in the trap.

Revenge and Justice: The Monkey’s mockery leads to his downfall, suggesting a form of poetic justice where his actions result in dire consequences.

Good vs. Evil: The story contrasts the Jackal’s malicious intent with the Monkey’s naivety, illustrating the struggle between malevolent and innocent forces.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Every evening Jackal went to the Boer’s kraal. He crept through the sliding door and stole a fat young lamb. This, clever Jackal did several times in succession. Boer set a wip for him at the door. [Wip is a Dutch word for springle – a bent green stick, to which a noose is attached at one end; the trap is delicately adjusted by a cross stick, which when trod on releases the bent bough, pulling the noose quickly around the animal and into the air.] Jackal went again and zip – there he was caught around the body by the noose. He swung and swayed high in the air and couldn’t touch ground. The day began to dawn and Jackal became uneasy.

► Continue reading…

On a stone kopje, Monkey sat. When it became light he could see the whole affair, and descended hastily for the purpose of mocking Jackal. He went and sat on the wall. “Ha, ha, good morning. So there you are hanging now, eventually caught.”

“What? I caught? I am simply swinging for my pleasure; it is enjoyable.”

“You fibber. You are caught in the wip.”

“If you but realized how nice it was to swing and sway like this, you wouldn’t hesitate. Come, try it a little. You feel so healthy and strong for the day, and you never tire afterwards.”

“No, I won’t. You are caught.”

After a while Jackal convinced Monkey. He sprang from the kraal wall, and freeing Jackal, adjusted the noose around his own body. Jackal quickly let go and began to laugh, as Monkey was now swinging high in the air.

“Ha, ha, ha,” he laughed. “Now Monkey is in the wip.”

“Jackal, free me,” he screamed.

“There, Boer is coming,” shouted Jackal.

“Jackal, free me of this, or I’ll break your playthings.”

“No, there Boer is coming with his gun; you rest a while in the noose.”

“Jackal, quickly make me free.”

“No, here’s Boer already, and he’s got his gun. Good morning.” And with these parting words he ran away as fast as he could. Boer came and saw Monkey in the wip.

“So, so, Monkey, now you are caught. You are the fellow who has been stealing my lambs, hey?”

“No, Boer, no,” screamed Monkey, “not I, but Jackal.”

“No, I know you; you aren’t too good for that.”

“No, Boer, no, not I, but Jackal,” Monkey stammered. “Oh, I know you. Just wait a little,” and Boer, raising his gun, aimed and shot poor Monkey dead.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Crocodile’s Treason

In a drought-stricken land, Crocodile led the water creatures in a perilous trek to a safer river, negotiating a peace treaty with Lion to ensure safe passage past human threats. Despite Lion’s support and Jackal’s skepticism, Crocodile betrayed the alliance, luring the animals into an ambush by humans. Although many escaped, Crocodile’s treachery eventually earned him a harsh and fitting end.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the virtuous intentions of Lion and his allies with Crocodile’s deceitful betrayal, highlighting the classic struggle between benevolence and malevolence.

Cunning and Deception: Crocodile’s treacherous plan to betray the alliance by luring the animals into an ambush by humans showcases the use of deceit to achieve selfish goals.

Conflict with Authority: Crocodile’s actions challenge the established leadership and agreements among the animal kingdom, representing a rebellion against the collective authority.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Crocodile was, in the days when animals still could talk, the acknowledged foreman of all water creatures and if one should judge from appearances one would say that he still is. But in those days it was his especial duty to have a general care of all water animals, and when one year it was exceedingly dry, and the water of the river where they had lived dried up and became scarce, he was forced to make a plan to trek over to another river a short distance from there.

► Continue reading…

He first sent Otter out to spy. He stayed away two days and brought back a report that there was still good water in the other river, real sea-cow holes, that not even a drought of several years could dry up.

After he had ascertained this, Crocodile called to his side Tortoise and Alligator.

“Look here,” said he, “I need you two to-night to carry a report to Lion. So then get ready; the veldt is dry, and you will probably have to travel for a few days without any water. We must make peace with Lion and his subjects, otherwise we utterly perish this year. And he must help us to trek over to the other river, especially past the Boer’s farm that lies in between, and to travel unmolested by any of the animals of the veldt, so long as the trek lasts. A fish on land is sometimes a very helpless thing, as you all know.” The two had it mighty hard in the burning sun, and on the dry veldt, but eventually they reached Lion and handed him the treaty.

“What is going on now?” thought Lion to himself, when he had read it. “I must consult Jackal first,” said he. But to the commissioners he gave back an answer that he would be the following evening with his advisers at the appointed place, at the big vaarland willow tree, at the farther end of the hole of water, where Crocodile had his headquarters.

When Tortoise and Alligator came back, Crocodile was exceedingly pleased with himself at the turn the case had taken.

He allowed Otter and a few others to be present and ordered them on that evening to have ready plenty of fish and other eatables for their guests under the vaarland willow.

That evening as it grew dark Lion appeared with Wolf, Jackal, Baboon, and a few other important animals, at the appointed place, and they were received in the most open-hearted manner by Crocodile and the other water creatures.

Crocodile was so glad at the meeting of the animals that he now and then let fall a great tear of joy that disappeared into the sand. After the other animals had done well by the fish, Crocodile laid bare to them the condition of affairs and opened up his plan. He wanted only peace among all animals; for they not only destroyed one another, but the Boer, too, would in time destroy them all.

The Boer had already stationed at the source of the river no less than three steam pumps to irrigate his land, and the water was becoming scarcer every day. More than this, he took advantage of their unfortunate position by making them sit in the shallow water and then, one after the other, bringing about their death. As Lion was, on this account, inclined to make peace, it was to his glory to take this opportunity and give his hand to these peace-making water creatures, and carry out their part of the contract, namely, escort them from the dried-up water, past the Boer’s farm and to the long sea-cow pools.

“And what benefit shall we receive from it?” asked Jackal.

“Well,” answered Crocodile, “the peace made is of great benefit to both sides. We will not exterminate each other. If you desire to come and drink water, you can do so with an easy mind, and not be the least bit nervous that I, or any one of us will seize you by the nose; and so also with all the other animals. And from your side we are to be freed from Elephant, who has the habit, whenever he gets the opportunity, of tossing us with his trunk up into some open and narrow fork of a tree and there allowing us to become biltong.”

Lion and Jackal stepped aside to consult with one another, and then Lion wanted to know what form of security he would have that Crocodile would keep to his part of the contract.

“I stake my word of honor,” was the prompt answer from Crocodile, and he let drop a few more long tears of honesty into the sand.

Baboon then said it was all square and honest as far as he could see into the case. He thought it was nonsense to attempt to dig pitfalls for one another; because he personally was well aware that his race would benefit somewhat from this contract of peace and friendship. And more than this, they must consider that use must be made of the fast disappearing water, for even in the best of times it was an unpleasant thing to be always carrying your life about in your hands. He would, however, like to suggest to the King that it would be well to have everything put down in writing, so that there would be nothing to regret in case it was needed.

Jackal did not want to listen to the agreement. He could not see that it would benefit the animals of the veldt. But Wolf, who had fully satisfied himself with the fish, was in an exceptionally peace-loving mood, and he advised Lion again to close the agreement.

After Lion had listened to all his advisers, and also the pleading tones of Crocodile’s followers, he held forth in a speech in which he said that he was inclined to enter into the agreement, seeing that it was clear that Crocodile and his subjects were in a very tight place.

There and then a document was drawn up, and it was resolved, before midnight, to begin the trek. Crocodile’s messengers swam in all directions to summon together the water animals for the trek.

Frogs croaked and crickets chirped in the long water grass. It was not long before all the animals had assembled at the vaarland willow. In the meantime Lion had sent out a few despatch riders to his subjects to raise a commando for an escort, and long ere midnight these also were at the vaarland willow in the moonlight.

The trek then was regulated by Lion and Jackal. Jackal was to take the lead to act as spy, and when he was able to draw Lion to one side, he said to him:

“See here, I do not trust this affair one bit, and I want to tell you straight out, I am going to make tracks! I will spy for you until you reach the sea-cow pool, but I am not going to be the one to await your arrival there.”

Elephant had to act as advance guard because he could walk so softly and could hear and smell so well. Then came Lion with one division of the animals, then Crocodile’s trek with a flank protection of both sides, and Wolf received orders to bring up the rear.

Meanwhile, while all this was being arranged, Crocodile was smoothly preparing his treason. He called Yellow Snake to one side and said to him: “It is to our advantage to have these animals, who go among us every day, and who will continue to do so, fall into the hands of the Boer. Listen, now! You remain behind unnoticed, and when you hear me shout you will know that we have arrived safely at the sea-cow pool. Then you must harass the Boer’s dogs as much as you can, and the rest will look out for themselves.”

Thereupon the trek moved on. It was necessary to go very slowly as many of the water animals were not accustomed to the journey on land; but they trekked past the Boer’s farm in safety, and toward break of day they were all safely at the sea-cow pool. There most of the water animals disappeared suddenly into the deep water, and Crocodile also began to make preparations to follow their example. With tearful eyes he said to Lion that he was, oh, so thankful for the help, that, from pure relief and joy, he must first give vent to his feelings by a few screams. Thereupon he suited his words to actions so that even the mountains echoed, and then thanked Lion on behalf of his subjects, and purposely continued with a long speech, dwelling on all the benefits both sides would derive from the agreement of peace.

Lion was just about to say good day and take his departure, when the first shot fell, and with it Elephant and a few other animals.

“I told you all so!” shouted Jackal from the other side of the sea-cow pool. “Why did you allow yourselves to be misled by a few Crocodile tears?”

Crocodile had disappeared long ago into the water. All one saw was just a lot of bubbles; and on the banks there was an actual war against the animals. It simply crackled the way the Boers shot them.

But most of them, fortunately, came out of it alive.

Shortly after, they say, Crocodile received his well-earned reward, when he met a driver with a load of dynamite. And even now when the Elephant gets the chance he pitches them up into the highest forks of the trees.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Story of Lion and Little Jackal

Little Jackal and Lion form a hunting partnership, but Jackal cleverly deceives Lion multiple times to keep the spoils for himself. Jackal uses wit to escape Lion’s wrath, including tricking him with clever excuses, disguises, and traps. Despite Lion’s repeated efforts to catch him, Jackal always evades capture through quick thinking. Their rivalry continues as Jackal outsmarts Lion time and again, leaving him frustrated and defeated.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative portrays the ongoing struggle between the cleverness of Little Jackal and the brute strength of Lion, highlighting the conflict between intellect and power.

Trickster: Little Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, using his intelligence and cunning to manipulate situations to his advantage, often at the expense of Lion.

Conflict with Authority: Little Jackal challenges Lion’s dominance and authority, refusing to submit and continually undermining Lion’s power through his deceptive actions.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Little Jackal one day went out hunting, when he met Lion. Lion proposed that they should hunt together, on condition that if a small antelope was killed it was to be Little Jackal’s, and if a large one was killed it was to be Lion’s. Little Jackal agreed to this.

The first animal killed was a large eland. Lion was very glad, and said to Little Jackal: “I will continue hunting while you go to my house and call my children to carry the meat home.”

Little Jackal replied: “Yes, I agree to that.”

► Continue reading…

Lion went away to hunt. When he had gone, Little Jackal went to his own house and called his own children to carry away the meat. He said: “Lion takes me for a fool if he thinks I will call his children while my own are dying with hunger.”

So Little Jackal’s children carried the meat to their home on the top of a high rock, where the only way to get to their house was by means of a rope.

Lion caught nothing more, and after a time he went home and asked his wife where the meat was. She told him there was no meat. He said: “Did not Little Jackal bring a message to my children to carry meat?”

His wife replied: “No, he was not here. We are still dying with hunger.”

Lion then went to Little Jackal’s house, but he could not get up the rock to it. So he sat down by the water, waiting. After a time Little Jackal went to get some water. He was close to the water when he saw Lion. He at once ran away, and Lion ran after him. He ran into a hole under a tree, but Lion caught his tail before he got far in. He said to him: “That is not my tail you have hold of; it is a root of the tree. If you do not believe me, take a stone and strike it, and see if any blood comes.”

Lion let go the tail, and went for a stone to prove what it was. While he was gone for the stone, Little Jackal went far into the hole. When Lion returned he could not be found. Lion lay down by the hole and waited. After a long time Little Jackal wanted to come out. He went to the entrance and looked round, but he could not see Lion. To make sure, he said: “Ho, I see you, my master, although you are in hiding.”

Lion did not move from the place where he lay concealed. Then Little Jackal went out, and Lion pursued him, but he got away.

Lion watched for him, and one day, when Little Jackal was out hunting, he came upon him in a place where he could not escape. Lion was just about to spring upon him, when Little Jackal said softly: “Be still, do you not see that bushbuck on the other side of the rock? I am glad you have come to help me. Just remain here while I run round and drive him toward you.”

Lion did so, and Little Jackal made his escape.

At another time there was a meeting of the animals, and Lion was the chief at the meeting. Little Jackal wanted to attend, but there was a law made that no one should be present unless he had horns. So Little Jackal took wax out of a nest of bees, and made horns for himself with it. He fastened the horns on his head, and went to the meeting. Lion did not know him on account of the horns. But he sat near the fire and went to sleep, when the horns melted.

Lion looked at him and saw who it was. He immediately tried to catch him, but Little Jackal was quick in springing away. He ran under an overhanging rock and sang out: “Help! help! this rock is falling upon me!”

Lion went for a pole to prop up the rock that he might get at Little Jackal. While he was away, Little Jackal escaped.

After that they became companions again, and went hunting another time. They killed an ox. Lion said: “I will watch it while you carry the pieces away.”

Lion gave him the breast, and said: “Take this to my wife.”

Little Jackal took it to his own wife. When he returned, Lion gave him a shin, and said: “Take this to your wife.”

Little Jackal took the shin to Lion’s house. Lion’s wife said: “I cannot take this because it should not come here.”

Little Jackal thereupon struck Lion’s wife in the face, and went back to the place where the ox was killed. Lion gave him a large piece of meat and said: “Take this to my wife.”

Little Jackal took it to his own wife. This continued till the ox was finished. Then they both went home. When Lion arrived at his house he found there was weeping in his family.

His wife said: “Is it you who sent Little Jackal to beat me and my children, and is it you who sent this shin? Did I ever eat a shin?”

When Lion heard this he was very angry and at once went to Little Jackal’s house. When he reached the rock, Little Jackal looked down and said: “Who are you, and what is your name, and whose son are you, and where are you from, and where are you going to, and whom do you want, and what do you want him for?”

Lion replied: “I have merely come to see you. I wish you to let down the rope.” Little Jackal let down a rope made of mouse skins, and when Lion climbed a little way up, the rope broke, and he fell and was hurt. He then went home.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The World’s Reward

An old dog, abandoned by his master, resolves to journey to the “land of the aged,” joined by a bull, ram, donkey, cat, goose, and cock. They find a house occupied by robbers, frighten them away, and feast on the food. When a robber returns, the animals cleverly fend him off, leaving him terrified and ensuring their peaceful stay.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The animals devise a clever plan to scare away the robbers by stacking themselves and creating a cacophony of noises, effectively deceiving the robbers into fleeing.

Community and Isolation: Each animal, having been abandoned or neglected, comes together to form a supportive group, highlighting the importance of companionship and unity in overcoming adversity.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the virtuous, cooperative animals against the malevolent robbers, emphasizing the triumph of good over evil.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Once there was a man that had an old dog, so old that the man desired to put him aside. The dog had served him very faithfully when he was still young, but ingratitude is the world’s reward, and the man now wanted to dispose of him. The old dumb creature, however, ferreted out the plan of his master, and so at once resolved to go away of his own accord.

After he had walked quite a way he met an old bull in the veldt.

► Continue reading…

“Don’t you want to go with me?” asked the dog.

“Where?” was the reply.

“To the land of the aged,” said the dog, “where troubles don’t disturb you and thanklessness does not deface the deeds of man.”

“Good,” said the bull, “I am your companion.”

The two now walked on and found a ram.

The dog laid the plan before him, and all moved off together, until they afterwards came successively upon a donkey, a cat, a cock, and a goose.

These joined their company, and the seven set out on their journey.

Late one night they came to a house and through the open door they saw a table spread with all kinds of nice food, of which some robbers were having their fill. It would help nothing to ask for admittance, and seeing that they were hungry, they must think of something else.

Therefore the donkey climbed up on the bull, the ram on the donkey, the dog on the ram, the cat on the dog, the goose on the cat, and the cock on the goose, and with one accord they all let out terrible (threatening) noises (cryings).

The bull began to bellow, the donkey to bray, the dog to bark, the ram to bleat, the cat to mew, the goose to giggle gaggle, and the cock to crow, all without cessation.

The people in the house were frightened perfectly limp; they glanced out through the front door, and there they stared on the strange sight. Some of them took to the ropes over the back lower door, some disappeared through the window, and in a few counts the house was empty.

Then the seven old animals climbed down from one another, stepped into the house, and satisfied themselves with the delicious food.

But when they had finished, there still remained a great deal of food, too much to take with them on their remaining journey, and so together they contrived a plan to hold their position until the next day after breakfast.

The dog said, “See here, I am accustomed to watch at the front door of my master’s house,” and thereupon flopped himself down to sleep; the bull said, “I go behind the door,” and there he took his position; the ram said, “I will go up on to the loft”; the donkey, “I at the middle door”; the cat, “I in the fireplace”; the goose, “I in the back door”; and the cock said, “I am going to sleep on the bed.”

The captain of the robbers after a while sent one of his men back to see if these creatures had yet left the house.

The man came very cautiously into the neighborhood, listened and listened, but he heard nothing; he peeped through the window, and saw in the grate just two coals still glimmering, and thereupon started to walk through the front door.

There the old dog seized him by the leg. He jumped into the house, but the bull was ready, swept him up with his horns, and tossed him on to the loft. Here the ram received him and pushed him off the loft again. Reaching ground, he made for the middle door, but the donkey set up a terrible braying and at the same time gave him a kick that landed him in the fireplace, where the cat flew at him and scratched him nearly to pieces. He then jumped out through the back door, and here the goose got him by the trousers. When he was some distance away the cock crowed. He thereupon ran so that you could hear the stones rattle in the dark.

Purple and crimson and out of breath, he came back to his companions.

“Frightful, frightful!” was all that they could get from him at first, but after a while he told them.

“When I looked through the window I saw in the fireplace two bright coals shining, and when I wanted to go through the front door to go and look, I stepped into an iron trap. I jumped into the house, and there some one seized me with a fork and pitched me up on to the loft, there again some one was ready, and threw me down on all fours. I wanted to fly through the middle door, but there some one blew on a trumpet, and smote me with a sledge hammer so that I did not know where I landed; but coming to very quickly, I found I was in the fireplace, and there another flew at me and scratched the eyes almost out of my head. I thereupon fled out of the back door, and lastly I was attacked on the leg by the sixth with a pair of fire tongs, and when I was still running away, some one shouted out of the house, ‘Stop him, stop h–i–m!'”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Lion, the Jackal, and the Man

Lion, boasting of his strength, is led by Jackal to encounter true power. After dismissing a boy and an old man, they meet a young hunter with dogs. Lion fights bravely but is overwhelmed by the hunter’s dogs, bullets, and knife. Defeated and humbled, Lion concedes his title of strongest, realizing the hunter’s unmatched strength. Jackal’s cunning proves the lesson of perspective and humility.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the lion’s pride and aggression with the hunter’s bravery and skill, highlighting the struggle between opposing forces.

Cunning and Deception: The jackal uses his wit to orchestrate the encounter between the lion and the hunter, demonstrating cleverness in achieving his goal.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on humility, showing that even the mighty can be humbled and that true strength lies in recognizing one’s limitations.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


It so happened one day that Lion and Jackal came together to converse on affairs of land and state. Jackal, let me say, was the most important adviser to the king of the forest, and after they had spoken about these matters for quite a while, the conversation took a more personal turn. Lion began to boast and talk big about his strength. Jackal had, perhaps, given him cause for it, because by nature he was a flatterer. But now that Lion began to assume so many airs, said he, “See here, Lion, I will show you an animal that is still more powerful than you are.”

► Continue reading…

They walked along, Jackal leading the way, and met first a little boy.

“Is this the strong man?” asked Lion.

“No,” answered Jackal, “he must still become a man, O king.”

After a while they found an old man walking with bowed head and supporting his bent figure with a stick.

“Is this the wonderful strong man?” asked Lion.

“Not yet, O king,” was Jackal’s answer, “he has been a man.”

Continuing their walk a short distance farther, they came across a young hunter, in the prime of youth, and accompanied by some of his dogs.

“There you have him now, O king,” said Jackal. “Pit your strength against his, and if you win, then truly you are the strength of the earth.”

Then Jackal made tracks to one side toward a little rocky kopje from which he would be able to see the meeting.

Growling, growling, Lion strode forward to meet the man, but when he came close the dogs beset him. He, however, paid but little attention to the dogs, pushed and separated them on all sides with a few sweeps of his front paws. They howled aloud, beating a hasty retreat toward the man.

Thereupon the man fired a charge of shot, hitting him behind the shoulder, but even to this Lion paid but little attention. Thereupon the hunter pulled out his steel knife, and gave him a few good jabs. Lion retreated, followed by the flying bullets of the hunter.

“Well, are you strongest now?” was Jackal’s first question when Lion arrived at his side.

“No, Jackal,” answered Lion, “let that fellow there keep the name and welcome. Such as he I have never before seen. In the first place he had about ten of his bodyguard storm me. I really did not bother myself much about them, but when I attempted to turn him to chaff, he spat and blew fire at me, mostly into my face, that burned just a little but not very badly. And when I again endeavored to pull him to the ground he jerked out from his body one of his ribs with which he gave me some very ugly wounds, so bad that I had to make chips fly, and as a parting he sent some warm bullets after me. No, Jackal, give him the name.”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

A Jackal and a Wolf

Jackal and Wolf became servants to a man. Jackal ate the man’s fat at night but smeared some on Wolf’s tail to frame him. In the morning, the man accused Jackal, but Jackal blamed Wolf, pointing to the fat on his tail. The man believed Jackal and severely beat Wolf, leaving him nearly dead.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Jackal deceitfully frames the Wolf by smearing fat on his tail, leading the man to believe the Wolf is guilty of eating the fat.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the Jackal’s malicious actions with the Wolf’s innocence, highlighting the struggle between deceit and honesty.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of dishonesty and the importance of integrity.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Jackal and Wolf went and hired themselves to a man to be his servants. In the middle of the night Jackal rose and smeared Wolf’s tail with some fat, and then ate all the rest of it in the house. In the morning the man missed the fat, and he immediately accused Jackal of having eaten it.

“Look at Wolf’s tail,” said the rogue, “and you will see who is the thief.” The man did so, and then thrashed Wolf till he was nearly dead.

► Continue reading…

Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Mullyangah the Morning Star

Mullyan, the eagle hawk, a cannibal, lived in a yaraan tree with his wife, her mother, and a friend. Mullyan preyed on solitary hunters, sparking outrage among his tribe. Two expert climbers secretly set a fire in his home. When the fire erupted, Mullyan and his companions perished. Legend says Mullyan became the morning star, accompanied by stars symbolizing his family.

Source
Australian Legendary Tales
collected by Mrs. K. Langloh Parker
London & Melbourne, 1896


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative centers on Mullyan, the eagle hawk, who engages in cannibalism, preying upon his own tribe members. His malevolent actions starkly contrast with the tribe’s efforts to stop his atrocities, highlighting the classic struggle between opposing moral forces.

Divine Punishment: Mullyan’s heinous deeds do not go unpunished. The tribe devises a plan to set his home ablaze, leading to his demise. This outcome reflects the theme of retribution from higher powers or the community for transgressions.

Transformation: After his death, Mullyan is transformed into the morning star, accompanied by stars representing his family. This metamorphosis signifies a change from his earthly existence to a celestial form, embodying the theme of transformation.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Aboriginal Australians


Mullyan, the eagle hawk, built himself a home high in a yaraan tree. There he lived apart from his tribe, with Moodai the opossum, his wife, and Moodai the opossum, his mother-in-law. With them too was Buttergah, a daughter of the Buggoo or flying squirrel tribe. Buttergah was a friend of Moodai, the wife of Mullyan, and a distant cousin to the Moodai tribe.

Mullyan the eagle hawk was a cannibal. That was the reason of his living apart from the other blacks.

► Continue reading…

In order to satisfy his cannibal cravings, he used to sally forth with a big spear, a spear about four times as big as an ordinary spear. If he found a black fellow hunting alone, he would kill him and take his body up to the house in the tree. There the Moodai and Buttergab would cook it, and all of them would eat the flesh; for the women as well as Mullyan were cannibals. This went on for some time, until at last so many black fellows were slain that their friends determined to find out what became of them, and they tracked the last one they missed. They tracked him to where he had evidently been slain; they took up the tracks of his slayer, and followed them right to the foot of the yaraan tree, in which was built the home of Mullyan. They tried to climb the tree, but it was high and straight, and they gave up the attempt after many efforts. In their despair at their failure they thought of the Bibbees, a tribe noted for its climbing powers. They summoned two young Bibbees to their aid. One came, bringing with him his friend Murrawondah of the climbing rat tribe.

Having heard what the blacks wanted them to do, these famous climbers went to the yaraan tree and made a start at once. There was only light enough that first night for them to see to reach a fork in the tree about half-way up. There they camped, watched Mullyan away in the morning, and then climbed on. At last they reached the home of Mullyan. They watched their chance and then sneaked into his humpy.

When they were safely inside, they hastened to secrete a smouldering stick in one end of the humpy, taking care they were not seen by any of the women. Then they went quietly down again, no one the wiser of their coming or going. During the day the women heard sometimes a crackling noise, as of burning, but looking round they saw nothing, and as their own fire was safe, they took no notice, thinking it might have been caused by some grass having fallen into their fire.

After their descent from having hidden the smouldering fire stick, Bibbee and Murrawondah found the blacks and told them what they had done. Hearing that the plan was to burn out Mullyan, and fearing that the tree might fall, they all moved to some little distance, there to watch and wait for the end. Great was their joy at the thought that at last their enemy was circumvented. And proud were Bibbee and Murrawondah as the black fellows praised their prowess.

After dinner-time Mullyan came back. When he reached the entrance to his house he put down his big spear outside. Then he went in and threw himself down to rest, for long had he walked and little had he gained. In a few minutes he heard his big spear fall down. He jumped up and stuck it in its place again. He had no sooner thrown himself down, than again he heard it fall. Once more he rose and replaced it. As he reached his resting-place again, out burst a flame of fire from the end of his humpy. He called out to the three women, who were cooking, and they rushed to help him extinguish the flames. But in spite of their efforts the fire only blazed the brighter. Mullyan’s arm was burnt off. The Moodai had their feet burnt, and Buttergah was badly burnt too. Seeing they were helpless against the fire, they turned to leave the humpy to its fate, and make good their own escape. But they had left it too late. As they turned to descend the tree, the roof of the humpy fell on them. And all that remained when the fire ceased, were the charred bones of the dwellers in the yaraan tree. That was all that the blacks found of their enemies; but their legend says that Mullyan the eagle hawk lives in the sky as Mullyangah the morning star, on one side of which is a little star, which is his one arm; on the other a larger star, which is Moodai the opossum, his wife.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page