The Lynx; or, the woman stolen by Lynx

A lynx abducts a woman. Her husband tracks them to their first camp while the lynx is hunting rabbits. The husband instructs his wife to claim he is her father. Initially suspicious, the lynx eventually believes her. That night, the husband kills the lynx, transforming it into a real lynx with a short, round nose.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The lynx undergoes a physical change, turning into its animal form after being clubbed by the husband.

Love and Betrayal: The narrative centers on the husband’s efforts to reclaim his wife after her abduction, highlighting themes of love and loyalty.

Cunning and Deception: The husband’s strategy involves deceiving the lynx by pretending to be the woman’s father, showcasing the use of wit to achieve his goal.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


Once upon a time Lynx stole a woman. Her husband overtook them at their first camp, while Lynx was out hunting rabbits. The man instructed his wife to tell Lynx that he was her father. When Lynx came back, he wanted to shoot the man, but the woman called out that he was her father. Lynx sang as he came into the camp:

I do not know what makes me feel thus.
If he is your father, cook for him some good rabbit.

At first Lynx would not believe her; but finally he was persuaded, and went to bed with the woman. During the night the man clubbed him, and he turned into a real lynx. That is why the lynx has such a short round nose now.

► Continue reading…

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A tse’dextsi story; or, the girl who married the dog-man

A wealthy man’s daughter secretly marries a dog that transforms into a handsome man. They elope, but she discovers his true nature and kills him. Returning home, she gives birth to five puppies. Shunned by her community, she survives alone. Observing her pups shedding their skins to become children, she burns the skins, permanently transforming them into human form. They later reunite with their community.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The husband transforms between human and dog forms, and the children shed their dog skins to become human.

Family Dynamics: The narrative explores complex relationships within the family, including the woman’s marriage to the dog-man and her role as a mother to their unique children.

Community and Isolation: The woman and her children experience isolation after being deserted by their community and later seek reintegration.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Tahltan people


Tse’dextsi mean “rocks sitting down,” with reference to the rocks at this place, which were the Dog-Man’s wife and children.

A wealthy man had a daughter who lived in a recess off the main part of the house. The entrance to her chamber was from the main room, and the girl could neither go out nor in without being seen. Her father’s old dog was in the habit of lying down at the entrance to her room, and was always in the way. Going in or coming out, she had to step over him or kick him out of the way. One night the old dog turned himself into a good-looking young man. Then he asked her if she would marry him. She consented; and forthwith they eloped, and made their camp on a distant mountain. The man proved to be a good hunter, and always brought home plenty of game. The girl noticed, however, that each time he went hunting, there was the sound of a dog barking in the direction whither he had gone. She asked her husband about this; and he said, “Your father’s dog comes here,” She asked, “Where is he now? I will feed him;” and he answered, “I called him, but he would not follow me. He must have gone off somewhere.” She also noticed that her husband put all the bones from their meals on the opposite side of the fire. He never threw them into the fire.

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At night she often heard crunching of bones, and thought that perhaps her father’s dog had come. In the morning, however, there was never any sign of the dog having been there. She also noticed that her husband, on his return from hunting, invariably lay down for a short time and went to sleep quickly, as dogs do. She thought much over these things, and at last made up her mind to watch one night. She saw her husband get up, change into a dog, chew the bones alongside the fire, then change back into a man and go to bed again. She made up her mind to kill him. She prepared a block of wood and had a club ready. On the following day, when he came home from hunting, she said to him, “Well, you are tired. Lie down and have a nap. Put your head on this block while I cook for you. When all is ready, I will wake you up.” While he slept, she hit him on the head. He changed into her father’s old dog, and died. Now she returned to her parents, told them how she had eloped and that now she was pregnant. They said, “If your children are human, it will be well; but if they are dogs, it will be bad.” One month afterwards she gave birth to four male and one female pups. The people were angry, and at once deserted her, leaving her without food. She would also have been without fire had not her maternal grandmother taken pity on her, hidden some fire in a pit, and secretly told her of it. The people had left in canoes.

The woman dug clams every day, and fed her children abundantly. Sometimes, when she returned home, as she approached the camp, she heard sounds of laughing and talking, as though children were playing in the lodge. She also noticed sticks lying about, as if children had been playing with them. She watched, and found that the boys had stripped off their dog-skins and had assumed the form of children. The girl, however, was ashamed to strip naked, and pulled her skin down, exposing the upper part of the body only. The boys had piled up their dog-skins while they were playing. The girl would run out from time to time to see if their mother was coming. The woman then went down to the beach to dig clams. She set up a stick, and put her hat and robe on it, to deceive the girl and make her think she was still on the beach. The mother then went back to the camp, and, creeping stealthily up behind the girl, seized her and pulled off her skin. She then seized the other skins and threw all into a hollow log that she had put on the fire before leaving.

The boys grew up to be good hunters, and always supplied the family with plenty of meat. Now the family left the coast and moved into the interior, where there was plenty of game. They hunted on the north side of the Stikine River in the Tahltan country. As they depleted the game in each place where they hunted, they often moved camp and hunted in new places. When they had finished hunting in the Level Mountain country north of Telegraph Creek, they made up their minds to move to the south side of Stikine River. They forded the river at “The Three Sisters,” a little above Glenora. The girl, who was adolescent, and therefore not supposed to look purposely at anything, wove a robe with a hood which came over her head and face. She sat down at the river’s edge to wait for her mother, who was resting herself on the edge of the bank above and had divested herself of her pack. The four boys had entered the water. Their mother was watching them, and seeing the foremost ones struggling in the current, and, as she thought, in danger of being drowned, she called out in her excitement. The girl then looked at her brothers, who at once became transformed into stone in the positions they occupied in the water. Then she and her mother and her pack also changed into stone; and all of them may now be seen as rocks at this place. These rocks are called “The Three Sister Rocks” by the whites, because of the three large rocks in the river close together. The Indians call the upper rock Aske’tleka’; the middle one, Kasketl; the one next to the lowest, Tsexhuxha’; and the lowest one, Tlkaia’uk. These rocks are the four brothers. The rocks known as the girl and mother are on the shore, and a rock which stands out at the mouth of the little creek near by is known as their pack. Because the Dog men hunted throughout the Tahltan country on the north side of the Stikine, and killed off so much game, marmots are scarce there now, while they are plentiful throughout the country on the south side of the river, where they did not hunt.


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The man with the toothed penis

An old man possessed a prehensile, toothed penis that could extend great distances, burrow underground, and gnaw through obstacles. He used it to feed on sleeping women without impregnating them. One night, a vigilant girl caught and severed the appendage. The man confessed his actions, stating he would die without it, and passed away, explaining why men today lack such features.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The old man secretly uses his unique ability to prey upon unsuspecting women, deceiving the community about his actions.

Divine Punishment: Upon discovery, the community’s decision to let the old man die without restoring his organ’s severed part can be seen as a form of retribution for his transgressions.

Transformation: The narrative explains a change in human anatomy, suggesting that if the old man’s organ had been restored, men today would possess small teeth there; its absence accounts for the current human form.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


An old man had a penis that could reach a long distance. The end of it was provided with teeth which chewed like mice. It could cross water like a snake, and go under ground like mice and moles. When it met any obstructions, such as the roots of trees, it gnawed through them and went on. The man could distend or project it at will. When he thought he was observed, he drew it back, and it assumed ordinary proportions. It would attack women when they were asleep. They were not rendered pregnant, as the penis simply fed on them. When they awoke, they felt sick, but the feeling soon wore off. Once two young girls were sleeping together. The elder girl woke up feeling sick, and thought she had felt something touching her. She found that her breeches had been gnawed as if by mice. She put on breeches of thicker skin and watched. The penis came and began to chew them. She seized it and held on.

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The old man tried to pull it back, but he could not do so. The girl called for her knife, which was made of an animal’s rib. It would not cut. She asked for a sharper knife. The men came and cut off the end of the penis. The girl told them her story, and said that she thought the penis must belong to the old man who slept at the end of the lodge, for he was moving about. The next morning the old man was sick. He told the people that he was going to die. He said, “I am very sick and am going to die. I cannot eat any food, for I have lost my teeth. I don’t mind telling you everything, for you have found me out. Women’s privates are my food. If you give me back the piece that you have cut off, I may live some years longer, but I do not care very much.” The people let the old man die. If they had given him back the end of his penis, then men at the present day would have had small teeth there; but, as they withheld it, it has its present form now.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Tle’ntlendo’k

In a village, two young men secretly visited supernatural women at night—one a water-woman, the other a smoke-woman. Curiosity led each to discover the other’s liaison, resulting in mutual deception. Enraged by the betrayal, the water-woman killed all the villagers by plucking out their eyes, except a new mother who fended off the attack. She became a wanderer named Tle’ntlendo’k, believed to grant wishes to those who encounter her.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Love and Betrayal: The men’s secret liaisons and subsequent deceptions lead to betrayal and dire consequences.

Divine Punishment: The water-woman’s retribution against the villagers for the men’s actions exemplifies this theme.

Transformation: The surviving woman transforms into Tle’ntlendo’k, a wandering figure believed to possess wish-granting abilities.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


There were many people living at one place. Among them were two young men who always slept together. When the people were asleep, one man would get up and go away to sleep with a water-woman. Afterwards the other man would get up and go to sleep with a smoke-woman (the smoke from the camp-fire always changed into a woman at night). [Some people think this woman is the same as the marmot-woman or mother (see “The Man who became a Marmot”), but most people do not agree with this opinion.] The man who lived with the smoke-woman wondered where his comrade went. He watched him, and followed him to the lake where he heard him whistle. Something then came up out of the water, and the man jumped in and disappeared. The next night he arose first, went to the lake, and did as his comrade had done. He went down under the water to the water-woman’s house.

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When the other man came down to the lake and whistled, he received no reply. After waiting a while, he went back and found his comrade with Smoke-Woman. [It is said by some people that he returned and slept with Smoke-Woman himself. When the man who had gone with Water-Woman returned, he found him sleeping with Smoke-Woman, and both women found out that they had been deceived.] Water-Woman did not discover that another man was with her until he left her. That night, when the people were all asleep, Water-Woman, who was very angry, went to the houses of the people and plucked out the eyes of the two men. Then she went on and plucked out the eyes of the rest of the people, killing them all, A woman was camped outside in a shelter by herself, as she had given birth to a baby the night before. She did not feel well, and could not sleep. She often felt a hand passing before her eyes, and she always struck it away. This continued all night, and stopped only with daylight. In the morning she wondered why the people slept so long. She called to her husband, who slept near by in another lodge, but received no answer. After a while she discovered that all the people were dead, and that their eyes had been plucked out. She took her baby and journeyed towards the east. She became a wanderer, and known as tle’ntlendo’k Some people have seen her, and others dream of her. Some who have seen her claim that she is very good-looking and has long finger-nails of copper. She goes about carrying her baby. It is considered lucky to see or dream of her, and it is said that she grants people their wishes. One man asked her for riches and got them. He was not satisfied. He asked for more and more. He said, “Give me riches until I burst.” He became wealthier and wealthier, and one day he burst and died.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Story of grasshopper

A young woman disguises herself as a man and partners with Grasshopper for hunting. Upon discovering her true identity, Grasshopper marries her. However, he proves to be an ineffective provider, consuming only grasshoppers and sinew. Their child dies during a journey, but Grasshopper miraculously revives it. He later encounters a monstrous creature, kills it unconventionally, and eventually dies himself while serving as a snare trigger.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The young woman dresses and lives as a man, embodying a physical and social transformation.

Family Dynamics: The narrative delves into the relationship between Grasshopper and the woman, their unconventional marriage, and the birth of their child.

Trials and Tribulations: The characters face various challenges, including hunting difficulties, starvation, and personal conflicts.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A young woman used to dress like a man. She and Grasshopper were hunting-partners, but Grasshopper did not know that she was a woman. She killed plenty of game, while Grasshopper did not kill anything. He wondered why she was such a good hunter, and also why she always sat down when she wanted to urinate. One day they came to a porcupine-den, and she sat down to urinate. Grasshopper ran through the porcupine-den, and, coming out close behind her, put his hand below her, and found out that she was a woman. The woman was ashamed, and went home and told her parents. They ranged up all the men, and had them pass before the girl, to find out who had done it. Grasshopper sat in the corner, laughing. All the men passed in view, but the girl could not point to any of them. Then she looked around, and, seeing Grasshopper sitting in the corner, pointed him out as the culprit.

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The girl’s father gave him the girl for his wife. Now they went out on a hunting-trip together. Grasshopper, being the husband, went out hunting every day, but never killed anything except other grasshoppers. He ate only grasshoppers and sinew of game. He ate no flesh of any kind. They were starving, and the woman herself had to go out hunting. After a time a baby was born. One day when they moved camp. Grasshopper, who was unable to carry much weight, went ahead with the baby, while his wife followed with a heavy load of camp-outfit. Grasshopper grew tired carrying the baby. He choked it, and hung it up on a tree. Then he went off hunting grasshoppers. At night, when he came to camp, he found his wife crying. He said to her, “Grasshopper, Grasshopper-Child [he always addressed his wife and child thus] is not dead. Why do you cry?” He struck the baby with his mitts, and it woke up, as though it had only been asleep. His wife was glad, and said to him, “Kill a bear for me tomorrow.” Grasshopper went out, and, while hunting grasshoppers in the grass, saw a huge monster approach. He was too late to get away, and the monster swallowed him. He tried to get out, and at last emerged through the anus. In this way the animal was killed. He went home, and said to his wife, “I have killed a bear for you. I jumped down his mouth, passed through all his insides, then came out and shot him.” She went out to see; and when she saw the huge carcass, she fell down from fright and crawled away, for her legs trembled so that she could not walk. Grasshopper came; and when he tapped her on the legs with his mitts, she became well, and walked back to camp. She said to him, “Bears are not like that: they are black, and only a little larger than a dog,” He went out hunting, and this time he killed a bear. His wife sent him to her mother. He went, and staid some time. His mother-in-law gave him plenty of meat to eat, but this was not his food. He wanted sinew to eat. He became so weak and sick that he had to crawl on his way back to his wife. He said to her, “Your mother gave me nothing but her excrements to eat, and made me sick.” They moved camp again, this time to snare caribou. Grasshopper said to his wife, “Use me as a trigger for the snare [like the trigger of a rabbit-snare].” His wife chased a caribou into the snare. The caribou went with great force and cut Grasshopper in two. He said to his wife, “Quick! put me together [join my legs to my body], that I may chase the caribou.” In her haste she joined the two parts of his body the wrong way; so that, when he ran forward, he was looking backwards. He was angry and ran off, but he could not go straight. He called to her, “Quick! break me, and join me again!” She broke him and joined him again, and now he went straight ahead. He said to her, “When you see smoke, you will know that I have overtaken and killed the caribou.” His wife saw smoke in a far-away mountain, and went there.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The gambler

A young boy, addicted to the stick-game, gambled away all his possessions, family, and fellow villagers to a mysterious stranger, Water-Man, who took them to his underwater home. Left alone, the boy met Mouse-Woman, who guided him through rituals to gain strength and an ally, Golden-Eyed Duck. With their help, he challenged Water-Man again, won back his people, and freed them from servitude.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: The appearance of the small old woman, identified as Mouse-Woman, who provides guidance and magical assistance, represents a form of divine or supernatural intervention.

Quest: After losing his people to Water-Man, the boy embarks on a journey to retrieve them, undertaking challenges and seeking assistance from supernatural beings.

Transformation: The boy undergoes a significant transformation from a carefree gambler to a determined individual seeking redemption and the restoration of his community.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A boy addicted to playing the stick-game spent all his time gambling. [In this stick-game, common to many Western tribes, one man has to guess a particular stick out of a number. The sticks are rolled in grass and shuffled. The method of playing varies from tribe to tribe.] When he heard of an important game of a noted gambler, even if in a distant place, he went there to play. He was very successful, and nearly always won. Thus he became wealthy, although he was a mere boy. His father was a wealthy man, and possessed many slaves. One night a strange man came to the village, and challenged the boy to play. He promptly accepted the challenge, and the two went outside to play. The man won all the boy’s goods. The boy bet his father’s slaves, and lost ten of them. Then the boy staked his mother against two slaves. He lost again. He staked his father, his uncle, all his relatives, and finally all the people of the village, and lost.

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The stranger took all he had won and departed, leaving the boy alone. This man was Water-Man (or Sea-Man). He took all the people to his house under a lake (or the sea). The boy had no one to gamble with, and nothing to bet. He wandered in and out of the houses, crying all the time. One day he saw smoke issuing from a bunch of grass. He found a house there, and a very small old woman inside. She was the small black mouse. She said,” Grandson, where are you going? What troubles you?” He answered, “I have gambled away everything I had, even my friends and all the people.” She asked him if he was hungry; and he answered, “Yes.” She put on a kettle, and split a single fish-egg with a wedge. She put half of it into the kettle to boil. When it was cooked, she put the food on a dish and placed it before the boy. He thought, “The food will not be enough;” but when he ate it, he found that he was quite satisfied. She told him to stay there that night, and added, “You must arise early in the morning, and wash just at daylight. Then go to the steep open place over there. You will see something growing there. Pull it out by the roots and eat it.” He did as directed, and after bathing went to the steep place, where he saw a beautiful plant growing. He ate it, and it made him sleepy. Next Mouse-Woman said, “Tomorrow morning bathe and go to the beach. There you will find something. Skin it, then take the skin, and push the body back into the water.” The boy returned with a sea-otter skin. He had fasted two mornings, and had used no fire at night. The old woman said to him, “Golden-Eyed Duck shall be your brother. When you play the stick-game, never point or choose a stick until he directs you.” He slept that night without fire, arose early, and continued to fast. As directed by Mouse-Woman, he went down to the edge of the sea, and challenged Water-Man to a game. The sea opened like a door, and Water-Man came out of his house. When it opened, the boy could see his parents and all the people working in a big house as slaves. He had hidden his duck-brother on his person. Water-Man had a trump-stick (eke’) which was really a fish; and when the boy pointed at it or chose it, it aways jumped aside. This was the reason he had always lost when playing with Water-Man. Duck noticed this, and warned the boy, who bet his otter-skin against his father. Duck instructed the boy to point a number of times near the fish-stick, so as to tire out the fish. Then he told him to point at it quickly. The boy won; and, acting on Duck’s advice, he won back his parents, relatives, and all the people and goods. They all returned to the village. This is why plants are used as charms to obtain good luck in gambling at the present day, and also this is why it is bad for young people to gamble too much.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The deserted orphan and the goat chief

An orphaned boy, abandoned with his grandmother by their tribe, dreams of a wealthy chief who offers assistance. Following the chief’s guidance, the boy fasts for eight days, gaining supernatural powers. He then moves mountains closer, restores his grandmother’s health, and constructs a house in a canyon. Using his newfound abilities, he calls game into their home, ensuring they have ample food.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: The boy receives guidance from a supernatural chief in a vision, which significantly influences his actions and fate.

Transformation: The boy gains extraordinary powers, allowing him to manipulate the environment and provide for his grandmother, marking a significant change in his abilities and circumstances.

Sacred Spaces: The boy and his grandmother move to a canyon in the mountains, a location that becomes central to their survival and the unfolding of the boy’s newfound powers.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


This story is said to belong to the Raven phratry and to be of Tlingit origin; at least, the Tlingit tell a similar story, and the families that tell it use goat-horns and goat-masks as crests. Probably they claim the deserted boy as one of their ancestors. The Tahltan refer to this story as an example of the good results that will accrue from strict observance of taboos.

An orphan boy lived with his grandmother. [Some people say that she was his only relative, but in the story an uncle is mentioned.] It was good weather; but the people were short of food, and therefore moved their camp. As the old woman was unable to walk, they deserted her, leaving her a little food, but no fire. They wanted to take the boy with them, but he would not leave his grandmother. The boy went outside of the village a little distance. Here he heard a sound, and, becoming afraid, he returned. That night he dreamed that some one talked to him, saying, “Why did you run away from the sound you heard? I want to help you. Leave your grandmother when she is asleep, and go to where you heard the sound.” He awoke, and went to the place designated. When he reached there, he saw a house, which he entered. Within were many people. A well-dressed wealthy chief spoke to him, and asked why he staid with his grandmother. He said, “Because she is my relative. I cannot desert her.” The chief asked if they had any food; and he answered, “No.” The chief said, “Well, you will starve, then.” The boy answered, “I am willing to starve with my grandmother.” The chief then told him, that, if he would do as he directed him, he would obtain plenty of food. He said, “Near your camp there is a deep canyon. Make your house there between two steep rocks. Make it with sharp goat-horns [not clear; maybe they used sharp goat-horns for cutting rocks or digging], but first abstain from food and drink for eight days.

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Then you will receive great power from me.” He saw and heard all this as in a vision. When he awoke, he found himself lying on the ground, and neither house nor people were in sight. He thought he had been away a short time, but he had been absent several days. When he reached home, his grandmother asked him where he had been. She said, “I have been weeping for you many days. I thought you were dead.” Now he fasted as directed; and when the eight days had passed, he caused wind and rain-storms to visit that part of the coast to which his uncle and the people had gone. They could neither fish nor hunt, and soon were short of food. Now he said to his grandmother, “We will move up the mountains, and make a house in a canyon there.” She answered, “The mountains are far away, and I cannot walk.” The country in the vicinity of where they were was flat. The boy said, “I will make the mountains come nearer.” He stretched out his fingers and then contracted them; and the earth was contracted, so that the mountains stood close by. He said to his grandmother, “Now look out!” She looked, and saw that the mountains were now quite near by. Then he struck his grandmother’s legs and body with brush, and she became able to walk like a young woman. They went to the canyon in the mountains near by. He told his grandmother what to do, and she built a house. Perhaps it was of stone, but it had a door which opened and shut. He said to her, “I am going to call the game into the house, but you must not kill the first animal that enters. Wait until all are in.” He began to sing a song by means of which he called the game. Soon he said to his grandmother, “The game is coming. Open the door!” Then goats came in, and nearly filled the house. When all were in, he told her to shut the door and to kill them. She clubbed and butchered the game. The boy made his grandmother strong, so that she could skin and cut up the game quickly. He also made her able to carry all the meat and skins down and fill one of the houses of the deserted village. He asked his grandmother what kind of food she wished next; and she said, “Sheep.” He sang; and sheep came, and filled the house in the same way. When all the sheep-meat had been stored, he asked his grandmother what she desired next; and she said, “Halibut.” He said to her, “Go to the beach, and you will find them.” She went, and found many halibut on the beach. Then he caused many olachen to come ashore. His grandmother dried the halibut. She put the olachen into a pit, where she let them rot until they were ready to be boiled for trying out the oil. The boy put the fish and oil in his uncle’s house in the village. Now the people were starving. The boy’s uncle, who was chief, sent a male and a female slave back to the village to see if the old woman and boy were still alive, and to find out if there was any game. Meanwhile the boy and his grandmother had moved back to the village. The house which they had made in the canyon had vanished. The slaves arrived, and, seeing smoke, knew that the old woman and the boy must be alive. They looked into a house, and saw that it was full of meat. They found their master’s house full of olachen and olachen-oil. They ate their fill, and took some along when they returned. The boy said to them, “Don’t tell my uncle. Say I am dead.” The slaves returned, and told the people that the old woman and boy were dead. They were asked if they had found their bodies; and they said, “Yes, they were lying in the house.” After a while one of the slave-children cried for olachen. The chief heard him, and asked, “How does he know about olachen?” Then he said to the parents, “You are hiding something. If you do not tell me, I shall kill you.” Then they told him all, and said that the boy had charged them not to tell. The people at once broke camp, and went aboard their canoes to return to the village. The younger wife of the boy’s uncle dressed herself nicely and painted her face. When wiping her face with a towel, she scratched it with a shell that happened to be in the towel. When the people arrived at the village, the uncle said to his nephew, “Which one of my wives do you wish for your wife?” and he answered, “I don’t want the younger one, because she always ill-treated me. I will take the elder one, for she was always good to me.” The boy’s uncle gave him his elder wife, and appointed him to the inheritance of his family, name, and rank.


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War among the fishes

In a time long past, the fish of the Stikine and Taku rivers convened at their confluence for a monumental battle. King Salmon clashed with Steelhead, resulting in physical changes: King Salmon became thicker near the tail, while Steelhead lost ear ornaments, leaving red marks below their ears. Sucker fish were so severely beaten that their bones fragmented throughout their flesh. The battle concluded in a draw, leading to the separation of the rivers’ headwaters.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The physical alterations in the fish species as a result of the battle highlight themes of change.

Origin of Things: The story portrays a struggle among natural beings, emphasizing the challenges inherent in the natural world.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The battle and subsequent separation of the rivers reflect a movement from chaos to a reestablished order.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A long time ago the waters of the Stikine and Taku met in the valley north of Telegraph Creek. The head waters of the two rivers joined south of New York Lake, near where Hyland’s horse-ranch is now situated. The remains of the shallow lake which connected the two streams may be discerned yet. The salmon and other fish from the two rivers always met and fought at this place. The Taku River fish and the Stikine River fish gathered to have a decisive battle. The two war-parties coming from opposite directions met at the head waters, and a big fight ensued. King-Salmon fought Steel-Head, and took his anklets away: therefore the king-salmon is thick around the root of the tail now, and the steel-head is thin. Steel-Head tore off King-Salmon’s ear-ornaments: therefore he has red marks now below the ears. Sucker was clubbed so badly, that his bones were all broken; and therefore his small bones are now all through his flesh. Some informants say that the result of the battle was a draw, and that it was then arranged that the head waters of the two rivers should be separated.

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Story of Tenqalati’ya

A hunter and his dog pursue a young goat down a steep cliff. After scolding the goat, it leaps onto a rock, which then rises into a tall pillar, trapping all three atop. The hunter warns his people to respect animals, predicting his transformation into stone. Over generations, his figure, along with the dog and goat, gradually petrifies, serving as a lasting reminder.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Divine Punishment: The hunter is punished for his mistreatment of the goat, leading to his entrapment and eventual petrification.

Transformation: The transformation of the hunter, his dog, and the goat into stone figures atop the pillar.

Sacred Spaces: The rock pillar becomes a sacred landmark, embodying the tale’s moral and serving as a warning to others.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A long time ago a man went hunting goats on Spatsi’z River [a stream forming one of the southern head waters of the Stikine River. The name is said to mean “goats painted,” because the goats get their hair stained by the rocks in this vicinity]. He carried a spear, and was accompanied by his dog. The dog ran down the goats; and when he brought them to bay, the hunter speared them. The man saw a young goat, and chased it. The goat ran down a steep and dangerous cliff; and the man and dog followed it, but they could not overtake it. When they reached the bottom of the cliff, the man was angry. He scolded the goat, and told him to go back to his father’s house. The goat then jumped up on a little rock and stood there. The man and dog jumped up also to attack him. Immediately the rock grew up into the air in the shape of a tall pillar, steep and smooth on all sides. As neither the man, nor the dog, nor the goat, could descend, they all stood there together on the summit.

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As the man did not return, the people looked for him, and found him standing on the top of the tall rock. He called to them and told them his story. He said, “I am punished for abusing the goats. Never do as I have done. The animals will take revenge. Now I am here. I cannot get down, and you are powerless to aid me. I must stay here with my dog and the goat. I shall die and be turned into stone. When I see people approaching, I shall shout at them. They will look at me and remember my fate, and it will be a warning for them to treat the goats properly. After a while, when I become older and more feeble, I shall whistle; and still later, when I am almost completely petrified, I shall no longer be able to utter a sound, and you will know I am really dead.” The figures of the man, dog, and goat may still be seen on the top of this rock-pillar. Formerly the man held a spear, but this has now disappeared. Formerly both his legs were visible, as if he stood with legs apart; but now they are the same as if one. Formerly he shouted at people. This was about six generations ago. Later, in our grandparents’ days, he only whistled. Now people say he is really dead, and makes no sound. The name of the man or rock is Tenqalati’ya [said to mean “walked on arrow” (as if one met or walked against an arrow-point which pierced the body)].


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Origin of laziness

A young man becomes inexplicably lazy, distressing his mother who relies on his hunting. She suggests that engaging in marital relations, as his father did, might restore his energy. Following her advice, he regains his vigor but later becomes lazy again due to overindulgence. The story suggests that young men are energetic, then lazy, and only achieve consistent energy levels upon reaching true adulthood.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The young man’s shift from an energetic hunter to a state of laziness signifies a profound change in behavior and disposition.

Family Dynamics: The narrative centers on the relationship between the boy and his mother, highlighting her concern and intervention regarding his altered behavior.

Ritual and Initiation: The mother’s guidance involves a form of initiation, suggesting that certain rites or actions are necessary for the young man’s transition into adulthood and the restoration of his vitality.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A boy and his mother lived together. No other people lived near by. The boy grew to be a young man and a very energetic hunter. After a time he ceased to care for hunting, and all his energy seemed to have left him. He became very lazy, and would not hunt. This distressed his mother, for they depended much on game for food. At last she asked him why he had become so lazy. He answered. that he did not know, and that he just felt that way.

His mother said, “I know the reason. Nunc oportet te mecum id facere quod pater tuus fecerit et valens fies.” Turn cum matre sua coiit; [Now you must do with me what your father did and you will become strong.” Then he went with his mother.] and soon he became energetic, as before. He hunted hard at first; but, nimis se effundens, he became restless and lazy, as before.

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This is why people say that a lad at puberty, or when young, is at first very energetic. Later he becomes very lazy. Then, si uxorem ducit sine incipit cum feminis coire, [if he marries without beginning to have intercourse with women] he loses his laziness, and becomes energetic again. Si modice se effundit, bene est; sed si se invitat, ut solent plerique adulescentes, [If it pours out a little, it is well; but if he invites himself, as most young men do] he becomes lazy again, and inactive. Only later in life, or when really adult, does his true disposition appear. Then he becomes continuously energetic, lazy, or indifferent.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page