The Two Friends

Two traveling companions, Sidi El-Marouf and Sidi Abd-el-Tadu, prayed for protection from undeserved misfortune before separating for the night. Sidi El-Marouf was welcomed into a couple’s home, where the wife murdered her husband and falsely accused him. The villagers prepared to burn him, but Sidi Abd-el-Tadu uncovered the truth through divine intervention. A talking bird revealed the hidden knife, proving Sidi El-Marouf’s innocence and delivering justice.

Source
Moorish Literature
   romantic ballads, tales of the Berbers,
   stories of the Kabyles, folk-lore,
   and national traditions
The Colonial Press,
   London, New York, 1901


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: A talking bird, guided by divine will, exposes the murderer and clears Sidi El-Marouf’s name.

Cunning and Deception: The wife deceitfully frames Sidi El-Marouf for her husband’s murder.

Revenge and Justice: Justice is restored when the true crime and criminal are revealed.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Berber peoples


Translated by J. Rivière
and Chauncey C. Starkweather

Sidi El-Marouf and Sidi Abd-el-Tadu were travelling in company. Toward evening they separated to find a resting-place. Sidi Abd-el-Tadu said to his friend: “Let us say a prayer, that God may preserve us from the evil which we have never committed.”

Sidi El-Marouf answered, “Yes, may God preserve us from the evil that we have not done!”

They went toward the houses, each his own way. Sidi El-Marouf presented himself at a door. “Can you entertain a traveller?”

“You are welcome,” said a woman to him. “Enter, you may remain for the night.”

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Night came. He took his supper. The woman spread a mat on the floor and he went to sleep. The woman and her husband slept also. When all was quiet, the woman got up, took a knife, and killed her husband. The next day at dawn she began to cry:

“He has killed my husband!”

The whole village ran up to the house and seized the stranger. They bound him, and everyone brought wood to burn the guilty man.

Sidi Abd-el-Tadu came also, and saw his friend in tears. “What have you done?” he asked.

“I have done no evil,” answered Sidi El-Marouf.

“Did I not tell you yesterday,” said Sidi Abd-el-Tadu, “that we would say the prayer that God should preserve us from the evil we had never committed? And now you will be burned for a crime of which you are innocent!”

Sidi El-Marouf answered him, “Bring the woman here.”

“Did he really kill your husband?” asked Sidi Abd-el-Tadu.

“He killed him,” she replied.

There was a bird on a tree nearby. Sidi Abd-el-Tadu asked the bird. The bird answered:

“It was the woman who killed her husband. Feel in her hair and you will find the knife she used.”

They searched her hair and found the knife still covered with blood, which gave evidence of the crime. The truth was known and innocence was defended. God avenged the injustice.


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The Monkey and the Fisherman

A fisherman discovers a chest at sea, releasing a mischievous monkey named Si Mahomet. The monkey orchestrates events leading to the fisherman marrying a princess under the guise of being the son of the Sultan of India. After elaborate deceptions, they secure a kingdom. Si Mahomet later sacrifices himself to save them, leaving the couple to rule peacefully. This tale highlights cleverness and destiny intertwined.

Source
Moorish Literature
   romantic ballads, tales of the Berbers,
   stories of the Kabyles, folk-lore,
   and national traditions
The Colonial Press,
   London, New York, 1901


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative revolves around elaborate deceptions orchestrated by the monkey to elevate the fisherman’s status.

Divine Intervention: The unexpected appearance and assistance of the monkey can be interpreted as a form of supernatural aid influencing mortal affairs.

Sacrifice: Si Mahomet ultimately sacrifices himself to ensure the fisherman’s success and happiness.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Berber peoples


Translated by J. Rivière
and Chauncey C. Starkweather

A fisherman went one day to the sea to catch some fish. In the evening he sold his catch, and bought a little loaf of bread, on which he made his supper. The next day he returned to his fishing and found a chest. He took it to his house and opened it. Out jumped a monkey and said to him: “Bad luck to you. I am not the only one to conquer. You may bewail your sad lot.”

“My lot is unbearable,” he answered. The next day he returned to his fishing. The monkey climbed to the roof of the house and sat there. A moment afterward he cut all the roses of the garden. The daughter of the King saw him, and said to him:

“O Sidi Mahomet, what are you doing there? Come here, I need you.”

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He took a rose and approached.

“Where do you live?” asked the princess.

“With the son of the Sultan of India,” answered the monkey.

“Tell him to buy me.”

“I will tell him, provided he will accept.”

The next day he stayed in the house and tore his face. The princess called him again. The monkey brought her a rose.

“Who put you in that condition?” she cried.

“It was the son of the Sultan of India,” answered the monkey. “When I told him to buy you he gave me a blow.”

The princess gave him 100 ecus, and he went away. The next day he scratched his face worse and climbed on the house. The daughter of the King called him:

“Sidi Mahomet!”

“Well?”

“Come here. What did you say to him?”

“I told him to buy you, and he gave me another blow.”

“Since this is so, come and find me to-morrow.”

The next day the monkey took the fisherman to a shop and bought him some clothes. He took him to the baths and made him bathe. Then he went along the road and cried:

“Flee, flee, here is the son of the Sultan of India!”

They went into a coffee-house, and Si Mahomet ordered two coffees. They drank their coffees, gave an ecu to the proprietor, and went out. While going toward the palace Si Mahomet said to-the fisherman:

“Here we are at the house of your father-in-law. When he serves us to eat, eat little. When he offers us coffee, drink only a little of it. You will find silken rugs stretched on the floor; keep on your sandals.”

When they arrived the fisherman took off his sandals. The King offered them something to eat; the fisherman ate a great deal. He offered them some coffee, and the fisherman did not leave a drop of it. They went out. When they were outside the palace Si Mahomet said to the fisherman:

“Jew of a fisherman, you are lucky that I do not scratch your face.”

They returned to their house. Si Mahomet climbed upon the roof. The daughter of the King perceived him, and said:

“Come here.”

The monkey approached.

“Truly you have lied. Why did you tell me that the son of the Sultan of India was a distinguished person?”

“Is he a worthless fellow?”

“We furnished the room with silken rugs, he took off his sandals. We gave him food, and he ate like a servant. We offered him some coffee, and he licked his fingers.”

The monkey answered: “We had just come out of the coffeehouse. He had taken too much wine and was drunken, and not master of himself. That is why he ate so much.”

“Well,” replied the princess, “come to the palace again tomorrow, but do not take him to the coffee-house first.”

The next day they set out. On the way the monkey said to the fisherman: “Jew of a fisherman, if to-day you take off your sandals or eat too much or drink all your coffee, look out for yourself. Drink a little only, or I will scratch your eyes out.”

They arrived at the palace. The fisherman walked on the silken rugs with his sandals. They gave him something to eat, and he ate little. They brought him some coffee, and he hardly tasted it. The King gave him his daughter. Si Mahomet said to the King:

“The son of the Sultan of India has quarrelled with his father, so he only brought one chest of silver.”

In the evening the monkey and the fisherman went out for a walk. The fisherman said to Si Mahomet:

“Is it here that we are going to find the son of the Sultan of India?”

“I can show him to you easily,” answered the monkey. “Tomorrow I will find you seated. I will approach, weeping, with a paper in my hands; I will give you the paper, and you must read it and burst into tears. Your father-in-law will ask you why you weep so. Answer him: ‘My father is dead. Here is the letter I have just received. If you have finally determined to give me your daughter, I will take her away and we will go to pay the last duties to my father.'”

“Take her,” said the King. He gave him an escort of horsemen and soldiers. Arriving at the place, Si Mahomet said to the soldiers:

“You may return to the palace, for our country is far from here.”

The escort went back to the palace, and the travellers continued on their journey. Soon Si Mahomet said to the fisherman: “Stay here till I go and look at the country of your father.” He started, and arrived at the gates of a city he found closed he mounted upon the ramparts. An ogress perceived him, “I salute you, Si Mahomet.”

“May God curse you, sorceress! Come, I am going to your house.”

“What do you want of me, Si Mahomet?”

“They are seeking to kill you.”

“Where can I hide?” He put her in the powder-house of the city, shut the door on her, and set the powder on fire. The ogress died. He came back to the fisherman. “Forward,” he said. They entered the city and established themselves there. One day Si Mahomet fell ill and died The two spouses put him in a coffin lined with silk and buried him. My story is told.


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The Child and the King of the Genii

A sheik instructs two talebs, one of whom is abducted by a genie. Taken to the genii’s realm, the child cries to return home. A genii prince carries him back, muffling his ears to shield him from divine worship. The child encounters symbolic visions—an unborn dog barking, a silent man, a mystical fountain—interpreted by a wise sage. Ultimately, a cloud reunites him with his parents.

Source
Moorish Literature
   romantic ballads, tales of the Berbers,
   stories of the Kabyles, folk-lore,
   and national traditions
The Colonial Press,
   London, New York, 1901


► Themes of the story

Journey to the Otherworld: The child’s abduction to the genii’s realm represents a voyage into a supernatural domain beyond human experience.

Trials and Tribulations: The child faces and overcomes various challenges and symbolic visions on his journey back home.

Divine Intervention: The child’s exposure to angelic worship and the eventual guidance by a sage suggest the influence of higher powers in his journey.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Berber peoples


Translated by Réne Basset
and Chauncey C. Starkweather

There was a sheik who gave instruction to two talebs. One day they brought to one of them a dish of couscous with meat. The genius stole him and bore him away. When they had arrived down there he taught him. One day the child was crying. The King of the genii asked him, “Why do you cry?”

“I am crying for my father and my mother. I don’t want to stay here any longer.”

The King asked his sons, “Who will take him back?”

“I,” said one of them; “but how shall I take him back?”

“Carry him back after you have stuffed his ears with wool so that he shall not hear the angels worshipping the Lord.”

► Continue reading…

They had arrived at a certain place, the child heard the angels worshipping the Lord, and did as they did. His guide released him and he remained three days without awaking. When he came to himself, he took up his journey and found a mother-dog which slept while her little ones barked, although yet unborn. He proceeded and met next an ass attacked by a swarm of flies. Further on he saw two trees, on one perched a blue bird. Afterward it flew upon the other tree and began to sing. He found next a fountain of which the bottom was of silver, the vault of gold and the waters white. He went on and met a man who had been standing for three days without saying a word. Finally he arrived at a village protected by God, but which no one entered. He met a wise man and said to him:

“I want to ask you some questions.”

“What do you wish to ask me?”

“I found a mother-dog which was asleep while her little ones were barking, although yet unborn.”

The sage answered, “It is the good of the world that the old man should keep silence because he is ashamed to speak.”

“I saw an ass attacked by a swarm of flies.”

“It is Pjoudj and Madjoudj of God (Gog and Magog) and the Antichrist.”

“I met two trees, a blue bird perched on one, then flew upon the other and began to sing.”

“It is the picture of the man who has two wives. When he speaks to one the other gets angry.”

“I saw a fountain of which the bottom was of silver, the vault of gold, and the waters white.”

“It is the fountain of life; he who drinks of it shall not die.”

“I found a man who was praying. I stayed three days and he did not speak.”

“It is he who never prayed upon the earth and is now making amends.”

“Send me to my parents,” concluded the child.

The old man saw a light cloud and said to it, “Take this human creature to Egypt.” And the cloud bore him to his parents.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Djokhrane and the Jays

Djokhrane, a Roman ancestor of Mahomet Amokrane’s grandfather, lived in T’kout during Roman times. In a conflict with a fellow Roman, Djokhrane was aided by a jay that pecked his adversary’s eyes, ensuring his victory. Grateful, Djokhrane forbade his descendants from eating jays, instructing them to free any captured. To this day, his descendants honor this tradition by liberating jays.

Source
Moorish Literature
   romantic ballads, tales of the Berbers,
   stories of the Kabyles, folk-lore,
   and national traditions
The Colonial Press,
   London, New York, 1901


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: The bird’s timely assistance suggests a higher power guiding Djokhrane to victory.

Moral Lessons: The tale teaches gratitude and respect for nature, as Djokhrane’s descendants continue to honor his pact with the jay.

Ancestral Spirits: The story emphasizes the importance of ancestral traditions and the influence of forebears on present customs.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Berber peoples


Translated by G. Mercier
and Chauncey C. Starkweather

The ancestor of the grandfather of Mahomet Amokrane was named Djokhrane. He was a Roman of old times, who lived at T’kout at the period of the Romans. One of his countrymen rose against them, and they fought. This Roman had the advantage, until a bird of the kind called jays came to the assistance of Djokhrane, and pecked the Roman in the eyes until he saved his adversary. From that time forth he remained a friend to Djokhrane. The latter said to his children:

“As long as you live, never eat this bird. If you meet anyone who brings one of these birds to eat, buy it and set it free.” To this day when anyone brings a jay to one of his descendants, he buys it for silver and gives it liberty. This story is true, and is not a lie.

► Continue reading…

Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The King and the Ju Ju Tree

King Udo of Itam, known for his daughter’s beauty, faced a dilemma when a splinter from a sacred Ju Ju tree injured his eye. Traditional remedies failed, and a spirit man demanded the king’s daughter in exchange for a cure. After the sacrifice, the daughter escaped from the spirit land with help from a skull. Her return prompted a sacrificial offering that deterred the spirit man, leading King Udo to ban spirits from returning to cure the living.

Source
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria
by Elphinstone Dayrell
Longmans, Green & Co.
London, New York, Bombay, Calcutta, 1910


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: The Ju Ju tree’s supernatural influence directly affects the king’s fate, causing his ailment and necessitating interaction with the spirit world.

Forbidden Knowledge: The king’s initial attempt to cut down the sacred Ju Ju tree, perhaps without understanding its significance, leads to his suffering.

Trials and Tribulations: The king endures significant hardship due to his injury and the subsequent moral dilemma of sacrificing his daughter.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Nigerian peoples


Udo Ubok Udom was a famous king who lived at Itam, which is an inland town, and does not possess a river. The king and his wife therefore used to wash at the spring just behind their house. King Udo had a daughter, of whom he was very fond, and looked after her most carefully, and she grew up into a beautiful woman. For some time the king had been absent from his house, and had not been to the spring for two years. When he went to his old place to wash, he found that the Idem Ju Ju tree had grown up all round the place, and it was impossible for him to use the spring as he had done formerly. He therefore called fifty of his young men to bring their matchets and cut down the tree.

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[A matchet is a long sharp knife in general use throughout the country. It has a wooden handle; it is about two feet six inches long and two inches wide.] They started cutting the tree, but it had no effect, as, directly they made a cut in the tree, it closed up again; so, after working all day, they found they had made no impression on it.

When they returned at night, they told the king that they had been unable to destroy the tree. He was very angry when he heard this, and went to the spring the following morning, taking his own matchet with him.

When the Ju Ju tree saw that the king had come himself and was starting to try to cut his branches, he caused a small splinter of wood to go into the king’s eye. This gave the king great pain, so he threw down his matchet and went back to his house. The pain, however, got worse, and he could not eat or sleep for three days.

He therefore sent for his witch men, and told them to cast lots to find out why he was in such pain. When they had cast lots, they decided that the reason was that the Ju Ju tree was angry with the king because he wanted to wash at the spring, and had tried to destroy the tree.

They then told the king that he must take seven baskets of flies, a white goat, a white chicken, and a piece of white cloth, and make a sacrifice of them in order to satisfy the Ju Ju.

The king did this, and the witch men tried their lotions on the king’s eye, but it got worse and worse.

He then dismissed these witches and got another lot. When they arrived they told the king that, although they could do nothing themselves to relieve his pain, they knew one man who lived in the spirit land who could cure him; so the king told them to send for him at once, and he arrived the next day.

Then the spirit man said, “Before I do anything to your eye, what will you give me?” So King Udo said, “I will give you half my town with the people in it, also seven cows and some money.” But the spirit man refused to accept the king’s offer. As the king was in such pain, he said, “Name your own price, and I will pay you.” So the spirit man said the only thing he was willing to accept as payment was the king’s daughter. At this the king cried very much, and told the man to go away, as he would rather die than let him have his daughter.

That night the pain was worse than ever, and some of his subjects pleaded with the king to send for the spirit man again and give him his daughter, and told him that when he got well he could no doubt have another daughter but that if he died now he would lose everything.

The king then sent for the spirit man again, who came very quickly, and in great grief the king handed his daughter to the spirit.

The spirit man then went out into the bush, and collected some leaves, which he soaked in water and beat up. The juice he poured into the king’s eye, and told him that when he washed his face in the morning he would be able to see what was troubling him in the eye.

The king tried to persuade him to stay the night, but the spirit man refused, and departed that same night for the spirit land, taking the king’s daughter with him.

Before it was light the king rose up and washed his face, and found that the small splinter from the Ju Ju tree, which had been troubling him so much, dropped out of his eye, the pain disappeared, and he was quite well again.

When he came to his proper senses he realised that he had sacrificed his daughter for one of his eyes, so he made an order that there should be general mourning throughout his kingdom for three years.

For the first two years of the mourning the king’s daughter was put in the fatting house by the spirit man, and was given food; but a skull, who was in the house, told her not to eat, as they were fatting her up, not for marriage, but so that they could eat her. She therefore gave all the food which was brought to her to the skull, and lived on chalk herself.

Towards the end of the third year the spirit man brought some of his friends to see the king’s daughter, and told them he would kill her the next day, and they would have a good feast off her.

When she woke up in the morning the spirit man brought her food as usual; but the skull, who wanted to preserve her life, and who had heard what the spirit man had said, called her into the room and told her what was going to happen later in the day. She handed the food to the skull, and he said, “When the spirit man goes to the wood with his friends to prepare for the feast, you must run back to your father.”

He then gave her some medicine which would make her strong for the journey, and also gave her directions as to the road, telling her that there were two roads but that when she came to the parting of the ways she was to drop some of the medicine on the ground and the two roads would become one.

He then told her to leave by the back door, and go through the wood until she came to the end of the town; she would then find the road. If she met people on the road she was to pass them in silence, as if she saluted them they would know that she was a stranger in the spirit land, and might kill her. She was also not to turn round if any one called to her, but was to go straight on till she reached her father’s house.

Having thanked the skull for his kind advice, the king’s daughter started off, and when she reached the end of the town and found the road, she ran for three hours, and at last arrived at the branch roads. There she dropped the medicine, as she had been instructed, and the two roads immediately became one; so she went straight on and never saluted any one or turned back, although several people called to her.

About this time the spirit man had returned from the wood, and went to the house, only to find the king’s daughter was absent. He asked the skull where she was, and he replied that she had gone out by the back door, but he did not know where she had gone to. Being a spirit, however, he very soon guessed that she had gone home; so he followed as quickly as possible, shouting out all the time.

When the girl heard his voice she ran as fast as she could, and at last arrived at her father’s house, and told him to take at once a cow, a pig, a sheep, a goat, a dog, a chicken, and seven eggs, and cut them into seven parts as a sacrifice, and leave them on the road, so that when the spirit man saw these things he would stop and not enter the town. This the king did immediately, and made the sacrifice as his daughter had told him.

When the spirit man saw the sacrifice on the road, he sat down and at once began to eat.

When he had satisfied his appetite, he packed up the remainder and returned to the spirit land, not troubling any more about the king’s daughter. When the king saw that the danger was over, he beat his drum, and declared that for the future, when people died and went to the spirit land, they should not come to earth again as spirits to cure sick people.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Why Dead People are Buried

In the creation land, the Creator tasked the dog to deliver a message ensuring the dead could revive if treated with ashes. Distracted by a bone, the dog failed, so the Creator sent a sheep instead. The sheep misremembered and told people to bury the dead. When the dog corrected this, no one believed him. Thus, burial became the norm, and the dog earned mistrust.

Source
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria
by Elphinstone Dayrell
Longmans, Green & Co.
London, New York, Bombay, Calcutta, 1910


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the origin of human burial customs.

Divine Intervention: The Creator directly influences human practices by sending messages through animals.

Cunning and Deception: The dog’s distraction by a bone leads to a deceptive outcome regarding burial practices.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Nigerian peoples


In the beginning of the world when the Creator had made men and women and the animals, they all lived together in the creation land. The Creator was a big chief, past all men, and being very kind-hearted, was very sorry whenever any one died. So one day he sent for the dog, who was his head messenger, and told him to go out into the world and give his word to all people that for the future whenever any one died the body was to be placed in the compound, and wood ashes were to be thrown over it; that the dead body was to be left on the ground, and in twenty-four hours it would become alive again.

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When the dog had travelled for half a day he began to get tired; so as he was near an old woman’s house he looked in, and seeing a bone with some meat on it he made a meal off it, and then went to sleep, entirely forgetting the message which had been given him to deliver.

After a time, when the dog did not return, the Creator called for a sheep, and sent him out with the same message. But the sheep was a very foolish one, and being hungry, began eating the sweet grasses by the wayside. After a time, however, he remembered that he had a message to deliver, but forgot what it was exactly; so as he went about among the people he told them that the message the Creator had given him to tell the people, was that whenever any one died they should be buried underneath the ground.

A little time afterwards the dog remembered his message, so he ran into the town and told the people that they were to place wood ashes on the dead bodies and leave them in the compound, and that they would come to life again after twenty-four hours. But the people would not believe him, and said, “We have already received the word from the Creator by the sheep, that all dead bodies should be buried.” In consequence of this the dead bodies are now always buried, and the dog is much disliked and not trusted as a messenger, as if he had not found the bone in the old woman’s house and forgotten his message, the dead people might still be alive.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Magic Palace

Ibrahim, a learned and noble man, fell into hardship but refused charity, seeking dignity in work. A mysterious Arab offered himself as Ibrahim’s “slave,” showcasing architectural mastery. Ibrahim brokered a deal with a wealthy jeweler to sell the Arab’s services. The Arab built a magnificent palace overnight, revealing himself as the prophet Elijah. Ibrahim and the jeweler were blessed, inspiring generosity and gratitude among the city’s people.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Divine Intervention: The mysterious Arab reveals himself as the prophet Elijah, indicating a divine presence guiding the events.

Sacred Objects: The magnificent palace, built overnight, serves as a symbol of divine blessing and craftsmanship.

Trials and Tribulations: Ibrahim’s initial hardships and his journey to find work highlight the challenges faced before achieving success.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


Ibrahim, the most learned and pious man of the city, whom everybody held in esteem, fell on troubled days. To none did he speak of his sufferings, for he was proud and would have been compelled to refuse the help which he knew would have been offered to him.

His noble wife and five faithful sons suffered in silence, but Ibrahim was sorely troubled when he saw their clothes wearing away to rags and their bodies wasting with hunger.

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One day Ibrahim was seated in front of the Holy Book, but he saw not the words on its pages. His eyes were dimmed with tears and his thoughts were far away. He was day-dreaming of a region where hunger and thirst and lack of clothes and shelter were unknown. He sighed heavily and his wife heard.

“My dear husband,” she said to him gently, “we are starving. You must go forth to seek work for the sake of our five little sons.”

“Yes, yes,” he replied, sadly, “and for you, too, my devoted wife, but”–and he pointed to his tattered garments–“how can I go out in these? Who will employ a man so miserably clad?”

“I will ask our kind neighbors to lend you some raiment,” said his wife, and although he made some demur at first, she did so and was successful in obtaining the loan of a cloak which completely covered Ibrahim and restored to him his dignified appearance.

His good wife cheered him with brave words. He took his staff and set out with head erect and his heart filled with a great hope. All people saluted the learned Ibrahim, for it was not often he was seen abroad in the busy streets of the city. He returned their greetings with kindly smiles, but halted not in his walk. He had no wish to make any claims upon his fellow citizens, who would no doubt have gladly assisted him. He desired to go among strangers and work so that he should not be beholden to anyone.

Beyond the city gates, where the palm trees grew and the camels trudged lazily toward the distant desert, he was suddenly accosted by a stranger dressed as an Arab.

“O learned and holy man of the city,” he said, “command me, for I am thy slave.” At the same time he made a low bow before Ibrahim.

“My slave!” returned Ibrahim, in surprise. “You mock me, stranger. I am wretchedly poor. I seek but the opportunity to sell myself, even as a slave, to any man who will provide food and clothing for my wife and children.”

“Sell not thyself,” said the Arab. “Offer me for sale instead. I am a marvelous builder. Behold these plans and models, specimens of my skill and handiwork.”

From beneath the folds of his ample robes, the Arab produced a scroll and a box and held them out to Ibrahim. The latter took them, wonderingly. On the scroll were traced designs of stately buildings. Within the box was an exquisite model of a palace, a marvelous piece of work, perfect in detail and workmanship. Ibrahim examined it with great care.

“I have never seen anything so beautiful,” he admitted. “It is wrought and fashioned with exceeding good taste. It is in itself a work of art. You must indeed be a wondrous craftsman. Whence come you?”

“What matters that?” replied the Arab. “I am thy slave. Is there not in this city some rich merchant or nobleman who needs the services of such talents as I possess? Seek him out and dispose of me to him. To thee he will give ear; to me he will not listen.”

Ibrahim pondered over this strange request for a while.

“Agreed!” he said, at length.

Together they returned to the city. There Ibrahim made inquiries in the bazaar where the wealthy traders met to discuss their affairs, and soon learned of a rich dealer in precious stones, a man of a multitude of charitable deeds, who was anxious to erect an imposing residence. He called upon the jeweler.

“Noble sir,” he said, “I hear that it is thy intention to erect a palace the like of which this city has not yet seen, an edifice that will be an everlasting joy to its possessor, a delight to all who gaze upon it, and which will bring renown to this city.”

“That is so,” said the merchant. “You have interpreted the desire of my heart as if you had read its secret. I would fain dedicate to the uses of the ruler of this city a palace that will shed luster on his name.”

“It is well,” returned Ibrahim. “I have brought thee an architect and builder of genius. Examine his plans and designs. If they please thee, as assuredly they will, purchase the man from me, for he is my slave.”

The jeweler could not understand the plans on the scroll, but on the model in the box he feasted his eyes for several minutes in speechless amazement.

“It is indeed remarkable,” he said at last. “I will give thee eighty thousand gold pieces for thy slave, who must build for me just such a palace.”

Ibrahim immediately informed the Arab, who at once consented to perform the task, and then the pious man hastened home to his wife and children with the good news and the money, which made him rich for the rest of his days.

To the Arab the jeweler said, “Thou wilt regain thy liberty if thou wilt succeed in thy undertaking. Begin at once. I will forthwith engage the workmen.”

“I need no workmen,” was the Arab’s singular reply. “Take me to the land whereon I must build, and to-morrow thy palace shall be complete.”

“Tomorrow!”

“Even as I say,” answered the Arab.

The sun was setting in golden glory when they reached the ground, and pointing to the sky the Arab said: “Tomorrow, when the great orb of light rises above the distant hills, its rays will strike the minarets and domes and towers of thy palace, noble sir. Leave me now. I must pray.”

In perfect bewilderment, the merchant left the stranger. From a distance he watched the man devoutly praying. He had made up his mind to watch all the night; but when the moon rose, deep sleep overcame him and he dreamed. He dreamed that he saw myriads of men swarming about strange machines and scaffolding which grew higher and higher, hiding a vast structure.

Ibrahim dreamed, too, but in his vision one figure, that of the Arab, stood out above all other things. Ibrahim scanned the features of the stranger closely; he followed, as it were, the man’s every movement. He noticed how all the workmen and particularly the supervisors did the stranger great honor, showing him the deference due to one of the highest position. And with grave and dignified mien, the Arab responded kindly. From the heavens a bright light shone upon the scene, the radiance being softest wherever the Arab stood.

In his dream, it so appeared to Ibrahim, he rose from his bed, went out into the night, and approached the palace magically rising from the waste ground beyond the city. Nearer and nearer his footsteps took him, until he stood beside the Arab again. One of the chief workmen approached and addressed the stranger–by name!

Then it was Ibrahim understood–and he awoke. The sun was streaming in through the lattice of his bedroom. He sprang from his bed and looked out upon a magnificent spectacle. Beyond the city the sun’s rays were reflected by a dazzling array of gilded cupolas and glittering spires, the towers of the palace of marble that he had seen builded in his dream. Instantly he went out and made haste to the palace to assure himself that his dream was really over. Ibrahim and the jeweler arrived before the gates at the same moment. They stood speechless with amazement and admiration before the model of the Arab grown to immense proportions.

Almost at the same moment, the gates, ornamented with beaten gold, opened from within and the Arab stood before them. Ibrahim bent low his head.

The Arab addressed the merchant.

“Have I fulfilled my promise and earned my freedom?” he asked.

“Verily thou hast,” answered the merchant.

“Then farewell, and may blessings rest on thee and the good Ibrahim and on all your works.”

Thus spoke the Arab, raising his hands in benediction. Then he disappeared within the golden doors.

The jeweler and Ibrahim followed quickly, but though they hastened through the halls and corridors of many colored marbles, in and out of rooms lighted by windows of clearest crystal, and up and down staircases of burnished metal, they could find no one. Emerging into the open again, they saw a huge crowd standing in wonderment before the gates.

“Tell me,” said the jeweler, “who was the builder of this magic palace.”

“Elijah, the Prophet,” said Ibrahim, “the benefactor of mankind, who revisits the earth to assist in their distress those deemed worthy. Blessed am I, and blessed art thou for thy good deeds, for we have been truly honored.” To show his gratitude, the merchant gave a banquet in his palace to all the people in the city and scattered gold and silver pieces among the crowds that thronged the streets.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Sinbad of the Talmud

Rabba bar Chana, a legendary traveler, and his loyal guide Ali face incredulity in their town but embark on daring adventures. They encounter colossal whales, bewitched lands, and mythical creatures like the Ziz bird. After killing the wicked jinn Hormuz using a magical diamond, they restore hope to a devastated land. The pair’s resilience and discoveries leave a lasting impact on the people they aid.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Quest: Rabba and Ali embark on daring journeys to explore unknown realms and seek out wonders.

Divine Intervention: They utilize a magical diamond to defeat the wicked jinn Hormuz, suggesting the influence of higher powers in their endeavors.

Trials and Tribulations: The duo faces and overcomes numerous challenges during their voyages, testing their resilience and resourcefulness.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


“Rabba, Rabba, silly, silly Rabba, have you caught another whale to-day?” With this strange cry a number of children followed an elderly man through the streets of a town in the East. Their parents looked on in amusement and some of them called after the man as the little ones did. Rabba, however, took no notice, but walked straight on with a faraway look in his eyes, as if his thoughts were elsewhere. On turning the corner of a street, he nearly ran into an Arab coming in the opposite direction. As soon as the children saw the Arab they turned and fled.

► Continue reading…

“Ali Rabba is coming,” they cried to one another in warning, and as fast as their legs would carry them they made off to their homes.

The Arab shook his fist threateningly after the children. Then he turned to the man whom they had followed.

“It is a shame,” he said, hotly, “that the impudent ragamuffins of the town should be allowed to cast words of disrespect in the public streets at my sainted master, Rabba bar Chana, the man of profound learning and the famous traveller–“

“Be gentle, good Ali,” interrupted Rabba. “Remember they are little more than babes and have not full understanding. And how can they be respectful when their parents, who should have wisdom and faith, accept not our stories of the many adventures we have had? Yesterday, I told them of the day when our ship had been surrounded by five thousand whales, each a mile long, and they jeered and cried ‘Impossible!'”

“Impossible!” echoed Ali, in a rage. “Was I not there with thee, my master? Did I not count every single whale myself? Who dares to doubt my word? Have I not, for years, been thy faithful guide on thy marvelous journeys? Bah! What know these town fools, whose lives are no wider than the narrow streets in which they dwell, of the wonders of the vast world beyond the seas? Fools, ignorant fools, every one of them, my good master. Why stay you here with them and brook their insults and their sneers? Let us journey forth again this very day. A good ship waits in the harbor.”

Ali’s voice grew louder as his rage became stronger and a crowd was collecting. Rabba hurried him away and together they made for the harbor. There they were soon engaged in earnest conversation with the captain of a vessel that had come from a distant land.

“I shall be glad to have two such famous travelers on my ship,” said the captain. “I have heard of your adventures, and in my country ’tis said that only those meet with wonders who dare to seek them and believe in them. I, too, would see the wonders of the world, and gladly will I give you passage on my ship.”

Next day Rabba and Ali stood on the deck of the vessel as the sail was hoisted, and it moved slowly from the harbor to the accompaniment of cheering and some laughter from a crowd on shore.

“Silly Rabba and Ali Rabba, don’t forget to bring back the moon,” they cried. “Find out where it goes when it is not here.”

Soon the land was out of sight, and scudding before favorable breezes the ship made good progress. In ten days it had reached a sea in which no vessel had ever sailed before. Ali said he could tell this because the fishes behaved queerly. They poked their heads out of the water to gaze at the ship and then darted swiftly out of sight again. It was quite plain that they had never before seen a ship, and they evidently mistook it for some strange sea monster. Every day the fishes grew larger, but no land was sighted until another five days had passed. Then a desert island appeared straight ahead, and the captain steered toward it. A few blades of grass grew here and there, and Rabba determined to land and explore the island.

Accompanied by his faithful Ali, he entered a small boat and was rowed to the shore. They found a few vegetables growing that they had never seen before, and so, collecting twigs from the short, stumpy bushes, they made a fire to cook them. While the vegetables were cooking they looked around.

“It seems a vast land,” said Rabba, “and yet over there, about three or four miles away, I think I see water.”

“I think so, too,” said Ali. “This must be the width of the land, but in the other directions I can see no end. But hark! What sound is that?”

“‘Tis like the rumbling of an earthquake,” said Rabba, “and I am sure I felt the ground move. Indeed, it seems to me as if it is heaving up and down, like a living thing.”

A shout from the boat caused them to look in that direction, and they saw their comrades pointing wildly and calling upon them to come back. Looking in the direction indicated, they saw the land rise up like a huge mountain and a tremendous stream of water gush forth.

“This is not land; this is a whale,” cried Rabba, in alarm. “Our fire has wakened it from slumber. Let us hasten to the ship before the monster plunges and drowns us.”

They hurried back to the boat and boarded the ship just as the whale began to move. It sank below the waves to quench the fire on its back, but it rose again, and then the vessel found itself in a new danger. It was lying between the body of the monster and one of its fins.

“Let me take command,” said Ali. “I know best how to act in times of danger like this. We must avoid being struck by the fin, or we shall be destroyed. We must find which way the monster is moving and go in the opposite direction; otherwise we shall be wrecked when we come to the place where the fin joins the body.”

There was no sleep for the crew that night. Everyone watched carefully, for the least false move may have meant instant disaster. Luckily the whale began to move on the surface of the sea against the wind, so that the ship, traveling in the opposite direction, had the wind behind it. Swiftly flew the ship before the breeze, but the fin seemed to have no end, although the whale was traveling fast, too. Three days and three nights the ship continued before it came to the end of the fin. Then everyone on board breathed more freely.

“That was a lucky escape,” said the captain to Rabba.

“Speak not too soon,” replied the latter. “I have fears yet. We must hasten to get completely away from this monster, but the wind does not favor any alteration of our course.”

Even as he spoke there was a great commotion in the water, and the whale began to move backward at so fearful a speed that they could scarcely see it. The water was violently agitated and the ship was tossed about as if it were a mere cork. A whole day this lasted. Then the motion grew slower as the head of the whale came past the ship.

“See,” cried Ali, excitedly. “A small fish has stuck in the nostril of the monster. That is the cause of this commotion. The monster will surely be killed.”

The agitation of the water now died down, and it was seen that the whale was beginning to turn over.

“The monster is dead,” said Rabba. “It will float on the waves like a vast desert land and will be a danger to ships.”

For several days the vessel was compelled to follow the dead whale. Whenever an attempt was made to move away, the current or the wind changed and the carcass of the monster followed the ship. The captain did not like this at all, for it was dangerous in the extreme. He was afraid that the dead whale would strike the vessel and wreck it.

At last land was sighted. Not even Rabba and Ali could recognize the country. They said they had never seen it before. Beautiful cities dotted the shore, but to everybody’s alarm, the body of the whale began to float toward the land.

To make matters worse, a storm arose, and the monster rose and fell with each motion of the angry waves.

“The cities will be destroyed if the whale strikes them,” cried Rabba, “and it is impossible for us to warn the people.”

Nearer and nearer the whale was driven, while the captain of the ship did his utmost to keep away so as not to be struck by the backwash.

At length, with a tremendous crash, the monster was flung by the waves, which had increased to a great height, against the shore. Above the shrieking of the wind could be heard the noise of falling buildings and the wild cries of the people. A huge wave caught the ship and carried it a mile out to sea and then whirled it back again at a speed that made the crew hold their breath in awe.

It seemed certain that the vessel would be dashed to pieces on the land, and the crew, with cries of warning and alarm, made haste to lash themselves to the masts. The mighty wave swept over the land, over the ruins of the towns, carrying the ship with it, and finally deposited it among the trees of a dense forest a mile from the shore.

“At least we are safe for the present,” said Rabba, when he had recovered from the shock and the surprise. “We are more fortunate than the poor people who have been overwhelmed by this strange disaster.”

“I should like to know how I am going to get my ship back to the sea,” said the captain. “I never heard of such a predicament before.”

Rabba merely shrugged his shoulders, and with Ali he walked to the shore. An extraordinary sight met their gaze. Thousands of people were rushing madly to the forests. Everywhere was ruin and desolation. All the towns along the coast, sixty in number they learned afterward, had been destroyed by the stranding of the monster and the tidal wave that followed, and what had not been leveled and swept out to sea had been carried inland to the forests and beyond. All along the coast, as far as the eye could see, lay the body of the whale like a mountain range, and hundreds of people ran up and down, weeping bitterly and wringing their hands.

Rabba gathered as many of them as he could together and addressed them.

“Good people,” he said, “ye are the victims of a terrible calamity that has robbed you at one cruel blow of your homes, and many of you of your families. But ye that have survived have duties to yourselves and to the future. In this hour of grief, despair not. There lies the fearful monster that has been your destruction. It shall also be your salvation. Its body can supply you all with food. What you cannot eat, you can salt and store for the future. Thousands of casks of oil can be obtained from its blubber, and with this ye can trade. Then, too, its bones are valuable.”

The people thanked Rabba for his good advice, and immediately they set about doing what he bade them. They told him this was a bewitched land, the country of Kishef, abounding with terrible monsters both on land and in the sea, and ruled over by a malignant jinn, named Hormuz, who gave them no peace. They asked Rabba to try and kill this sprite who said that only a stranger to the land could do him harm, and so Rabba and his faithful Ali, mounted on horses, set forth on their adventures.

“I think I know this country,” said Ali. “I believe I landed once on the other shore. We cannot be far from the wilderness in which the Israelites wandered.”

For several days they journeyed through forests and across plains and nothing happened. At last they came to a broad, high wall which barred their progress. They could find no opening through which to pass, and while they were wondering what to do, a strange figure suddenly appeared on the wall. One of his legs was longer than the other, and his arms were also of different length. His ears and eyes were also unequal, and he hopped and bounded along the wall at amazing speed.

“My name is Hormuz,” he cried. “Who are ye?”

“Strangers,” called Rabba, and as soon as he heard the word, the sprite darted swiftly off along the top of the wall. But although the horses ran at topmost speed, they could not overtake him, and he quickly disappeared. Where he was lost to sight, however, there was a hole in the wall, and through this Rabba and Ali just managed to take their horses. A vast wilderness lay before them.

Ali picked up two clods of earth and smelt them.

“As I thought,” he said, “this is the wilderness of the Israelites. Come, I will show thee strange sights.”

Before nightfall, they came to a place where the bodies of a large number of men lay strewn on the ground.

“These men must have been giants,” said Rabba, as Ali, with his spear uplifted, rode under the raised knee of one of the bodies. “These must be the bodies of the Ephraimites who left Egypt before the rest of the children of Israel and were slain.”

He cut off a portion of a garment that still covered one of the bodies, but when he tried to move he could not. He seemed to be rooted to the spot. Nor could his horse move.

“Oh, oh,” cried Ali, “my horse has lost its power to move. Thou must have taken something from the dead. Return it, good master, or we shall be held fast here until we perish.”

Rabba returned the piece of garment, and they were able to move again. They hurried from the place and came to a chasm in the ground from which smoke was rising.

“This is the pit in which Korah and his children were swallowed,” said Ali.

“That must have been a wonderful sight,” said Rabba. “I have heard that the pit became like a funnel and that the air all about eddied and sucked in everything that belonged to Korah. Even the things that people had borrowed from him, such as dishes, rolled along the ground from a distance and into the pit. Come, let us hasten away.”

They continued their journey for many days, but could not see the demon again. One day the desert ended and they came to the sea. They encamped for the night, and when morning broke Rabba was surprised to find that the basket, in which they kept their provisions, had disappeared.

“I think I can explain,” said Ali. “No thieves have been here, but this is the end of the world, the edge of the earth. Here, once in every twenty-four hours, the sky and the earth in their revolution, scrape together. The sky must have caught up your basket and carried it away. It will be returned at the same hour tomorrow morning.”

Rabba awoke next morning before the sunrise and saw his basket floating down to earth on a cloud. Both he and Ali were overjoyed when they recovered it, for they were very hungry. While they were eating, the sky grew dark, and looking up they saw what appeared to be a great cloud above their heads. Out of the sea a mighty tree seemed suddenly to have grown. They moved cautiously forward to investigate.

“Take heed,” cried a voice of thunder. “I am a bird standing in the water. It is so deep, with such swift currents, that seven years ago an axe fell in and has not yet reached the bottom.”

Rabba and Ali crouched on the ground in great fear, until at last Rabba called: “Mighty bird, we seek your help. We are anxious to find the wicked jinn, Hormuz, and slay him so that people shall be free.”

“Follow me,” answered the bird, and like a spreading cloud it flew along the coast. Rabba and Ali followed on their horses.

“Look,” cried Ali, suddenly, pointing out to sea.

A huge snake and dragon were fighting, and at last the sea-serpent, which was almost as big as the whale that had destroyed the towns, swallowed the dragon. No sooner had it done so, however, than the giant bird swooped down and gobbled up the snake.

“That was a good fat worm for breakfast,” called the bird. “Now I shall rest.”

It flew toward a gigantic tree which now appeared. So tall was it that its upper branches were lost in the clouds. The bird perched on a branch of the tree.

“Proceed along the coast until you come to two bridges,” said the bird. “There you will find Hormuz. Give him two cups of wine to drink, then you can slay him. But be sure you take the diamond from his cap. I, the ziz, give you this warning.”

Rabba thanked the bird for its information, and with Ali continued on his journey. After three days they came to a river crossed by two bridges, and with one foot on each stood Hormuz.

As soon as he saw them he began to run, but Rabba called after him, “We bring thee an offering of good wine,” and he promptly returned. Rabba filled the two cups which he had from a leathern bottle, and Hormuz took a cup in each hand, smacking his lips as he did so.

“See,” he said, and he tossed the wine into the air, and the wine from the right hand cup fell into the left hand cup and that from the left hand cup into the right and not a drop was spilt. Then he swallowed them both at one gulp.

Almost immediately he fell down in a stupor, and Rabba stabbed him again and again with his spear. Yet, when he seemed quite dead, he jumped up again.

“The diamond,” cried Rabba, excitedly, and Ali snatched it from the cap of Hormuz. Then the demon fell dead.

“We can return now,” said Rabba, and they set out at once, taking the body with them. They halted only to take food, and the first time they did so a funny thing happened. Ali had killed an animal and Rabba had caught some fish, and, while these were cooking, Rabba took the jinn’s diamond from his pocket and examined it. At once the fish and the animal came to life again, jumped out of the cooking pot and made off.

“This is a magic diamond,” said Rabba, “that has the power to bring dead things to life. We keep it covered when we wish to eat.”

They did so, and after long journeying they came in sight of the great wall and at last reached the place from which they had started. They had been away twelve months in all, and the people were heartily glad to see them, especially when they heard that Hormuz had been killed and saw his body. They had worked hard on the carcass of the huge whale and were rebuilding the sixty towns and villages that had been destroyed, with the bones of the monster, using the skin as coverings for their tents.

With the help of the magic diamond, Rabba called the ziz, and it took the ship which had been carried into the forest in its beak and flew with it to the sea. Gathering their old comrades, Rabba and Ali set sail for home.

All the inhabitants stood on shore and cheered as long as the ship was in sight. They were sorry that Rabba was gone, but they felt certain now that Hormuz was dead, that nevermore would they be troubled by monsters which brought them such terrible disasters.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Beggar King

King Hagag, proud and defiant, tears a page from the Holy Book that questions the permanence of riches and power. During a hunting trip, a genii disguised as a deer lures him into losing his crown and enduring hardships as a beggar. Humbled by his trials, Hagag learns compassion and wisdom. Restored to the throne by the genii, he becomes a kind and just ruler.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The king undergoes a profound change from a proud ruler to a humble beggar, leading to personal growth.

Divine Intervention: A genii orchestrates events to teach the king a lesson, influencing mortal affairs.

Tragic Flaw: The king’s arrogance and defiance act as his downfall, setting the stage for his eventual redemption.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


Proud King Hagag sat on his throne in state, and the high priest, standing by his side, read from the Holy Book, as was his daily custom. He read these words: “For riches are not for ever: and doth the crown endure to every generation?”

“Cease!” cried the king. “Who wrote those words?”

“They are the words of the Holy Book,” answered the high priest.

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“Give me the book,” commanded the king.

With trembling hands the high priest placed it before his majesty. King Hagag gazed earnestly at the words that had been read, and he frowned. Raising his hand, he tore the page from the book and threw it to the ground.

“I, Hagag, am king,” he said, “and all such passages that offend me shall be torn out.”

He flung the volume angrily from him while the high priest and all his courtiers looked on in astonishment.

“I have heard enough for today,” he said. “Too long have I delayed my hunting expedition. Let the horses be got ready.”

He descended from the throne, stalked haughtily past the trembling figure of the high priest, and went forth to the hunt. Soon he was riding furiously across an open plain toward a forest where a wild stag had been seen. A trumpet sounded the signal that the deer had been driven from its hiding place, and the king urged his horse forward to be the first in the chase. His majesty’s steed was the swiftest in the land. Quickly it carried him out of sight of his nobles and attendants. But the deer was surprisingly fleet and the king could not catch up with it. Coming to a river, the animal plunged in and swam across. Scrambling up the opposite bank its antlers caught in the branch of a tree, and the king, arriving at the river, gave a cry of joy.

“Now I have thee,” he said. Springing from his horse and divesting himself of his clothing he swam across with naught but a sword.

As he reached the opposite bank, however, the deer freed itself from the tree and plunged into a thicket. The king, with his sword in his hand, followed quickly, but no deer could he see. Instead, he found, lying on the ground beyond the thicket, a beautiful youth clad in a deer-skin. He was panting as if after a long run. The king stood still in surprise and the youth sprang to his feet.

“I am the deer,” he said. “I am a genii and I have lured thee to this spot, proud king, to teach thee a lesson for thy words this morning.”

Before King Hagag could recover from his surprise the youth ran back to the river and swam across. Quickly he dressed himself in the king’s clothes and mounted the horse just as the other hunters came up. They thought the genii was King Hagag and they halted before him.

“Let us return,” said the genii. “The deer has crossed the river and has escaped.”

King Hagag from the thicket on the opposite side watched them ride away and then flung himself on the ground and wept bitterly. There he lay until a wood-cutter found him.

“What do you here?” asked the man.

“I am King Hagag,” returned the monarch.

“Thou art a fool,” said the wood-cutter. “Thou art a lazy good-for-naught to talk so. Come, carry my bundle of sticks and I will give thee food and an old garment.”

In vain the king protested. The wood-cutter only laughed the more, and at last, losing patience, he beat him and drove him away. Tired and hungry, and clad only in the rags which the wood-cutter had given him, King Hagag reached the palace late at night.

“I am King Hagag,” he said to the guards, but roughly they bade him begone, and after spending a wretched night in the streets of the city, his majesty, next morning, was glad to accept some bread and milk offered to him by a poor old woman who took pity on him. He stood at a street corner not knowing what to do. Little children teased him; others took him for a beggar and offered him money. Later in the day he saw the genii ride through the streets on his horse. All the people bowed down before him and cried, “Long live the king!”

“Woe is me,” cried Hagag, in his wretchedness. “I am punished for my sin in scoffing at the words of the Holy Book.”

He saw that it would be useless for him to go to the palace again, and he went into the fields and tried to earn his bread as a laborer. He was not used to work, however, and but for the kindness of the very poorest he would have died of starvation. He wandered miserably from place to place until he fell in with some blind beggars who had been deserted by their guide. Joyfully he accepted their offer to take the guide’s place.

Months rolled by, and one morning the royal heralds went forth and announced that “Good King Hagag” would give a feast a week from that day to all the beggars in the land.

From far and near came beggars in hundreds, to partake of the king’s bounty, and Hagag stood among them, with his blind companions, in the courtyard of the palace waiting for his majesty to appear. He knew the place well, and he hung his head and wept.

“His majesty will speak to each one of you who are his guests today,” cried a herald, and one by one they passed into the palace and stood before the throne. When it came to Hagag’s turn, he trembled so much that he had to be supported by the guards.

The genii on the throne and Hagag looked long at each other.

“Art thou, too, a beggar?” said the genii.

“Nay, gracious majesty,” answered Hagag with bent head. “I have sinned grievously and have been punished. I am but the servant of a troop of blind beggars to whom I act as guide.”

The genii king signed to his courtiers that he desired to be left alone with Hagag. Then he said:

“Hagag, I know thee. I see that thou hast repented. It is well. Now canst thou resume thy rightful place.”

“Gracious majesty,” said Hagag, “I have learned humility and wisdom. The throne is not for me. The blind beggars need me. Let me remain in their service.”

“It cannot be,” said the genii. “I see that thou art truly penitent. Thy lesson is learned and my task is done. I will see that the blind beggars lack not.”

With his own hands he placed the royal robes on Hagag and himself donned those of the beggar. When the courtiers returned they saw no difference. King Hagag sat on the throne again, and nowhere in the whole world was there a monarch who ruled more wisely or showed more kindness and sympathy to all his subjects.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Star-Child

Abraham’s birth under a fateful star alarmed King Nimrod’s magicians, predicting his descendants would overthrow the king. To save Abraham, his parents tricked the king with a slave’s child. Abraham grew questioning idol worship, eventually destroying idols to demonstrate their powerlessness. Confronted by Nimrod, he survived a fiery furnace unharmed, inspiring people to worship one true God. His wisdom and courage earned Nimrod’s reluctant respect.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Prophecy and Fate: The narrative begins with a prophecy observed by King Nimrod’s magicians, foretelling that Abraham’s descendants would overthrow the king. This prediction sets the course of the story, highlighting the inescapable nature of destiny.

Divine Intervention: Abraham’s survival and his miraculous escape from the fiery furnace, emerging unharmed, suggest a higher power guiding and protecting him, emphasizing the role of divine influence in human affairs.

Conflict with Authority: Abraham challenges King Nimrod’s idol worship, directly confronting the king’s beliefs and authority, showcasing the tension between individual conviction and established power.

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Learn more about Jewish mythology


When Abraham was born, his father, Terah, who was one of the chief officers of King Nimrod, gave a banquet to a large number of his friends. He entertained them most sumptuously, and the merriest of the guests was the chief of the king’s magicians. He was an old man, exceedingly fond of wine, and he drank deeply. The feast lasted throughout the night, and the gray dawn of early morning appeared in the sky before Terah’s friends thought of rising from the table.

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Suddenly the old magician jumped to his feet.

“See,” he cried, excitedly, pointing through the open door to the sky. “See yon bright star in the east. It flashes across the heavens.”

The others looked, but said they could see nothing.

“Fools,” shouted the old man, “ye may not see, but I do. I, the wisest of the king’s magicians and astrologers, tell you it is an omen. See how the brilliant star darts across the sky! It has swallowed a smaller star, and another, even a third, yet a fourth. It is an omen, I say, a portent that bodes ill. And, moreover,” he added, growing still more excited, “it is an omen connected with the birth of the little son of Terah.”

“Nonsense,” cried Terah.

“Talk not to me of nonsense,” said the magician, sternly. “I must hasten to inform the king.”

Hurriedly he left the house of Terah, followed by the other magicians, some of whom now said they also had seen a star swallow four others. They did not think it wise to contradict their chief, although he had drunk a great deal of wine and could not walk steadily.

King Nimrod was awakened from his sleep, and his magicians appeared before him.

“O King, live for ever,” said the chief, by way of salute. “Grave indeed is the news that has led us to disturb thee in thy slumbers. This night a son has been born unto thy officer, Terah, and with the coming of the dawn a warning has appeared to us in the skies. I, the chief of thy magicians, did observe a brilliant star rise in the east and dart across the heavens and swallow four smaller stars.”

“We observed it, too,” said the other magicians.

“And what means this?” inquired the king.

“It means,” said the chief magician, mysteriously, “that this star-child will destroy other children, that his descendants will conquer thine. Take warning. Purchase this child from thy officer, Terah, and slay it so that it may not grow up a danger to thee.”

“Thy advice pleases me,” said the cruel king.

In vain Terah protested. King Nimrod would not disregard the warning of his magicians, but he consented to give Terah three days in which to deliver up the child. Sad at heart Terah returned home, and on the second day told his wife the terrible news.

“We must not allow our little son, Abraham, to be slain,” she said. “If he is to become great he must live. I have a plan. King Nimrod will not be satisfied unless a child is slain. Therefore, take thou the child of a slave to him and tell him it is Abraham. He will not know the difference. And so that the trick shall not be discovered, take our child away and hide it for a time.”

Terah thought this an excellent idea, and he carried it out. The sick child of a slave, which was born only a few hours before Abraham, was taken to King Nimrod who killed it with his own hands, and Terah’s little boy was secretly carried by his nurse to a cave in a forest. There Abraham was carefully nurtured and brought up.

From time to time Abraham was visited by his father and mother, and not until he was ten years old did they think it safe to bring him from the cave in the forest to their home. Even then they deemed it best to be careful. Their elder son, Haran, was a maker of idols and Abraham became his helper without Haran being told it was his brother.

Abraham, the star-child, was a strange little boy. He did not believe in the idols.

“I worship the sun by day and the moon and the stars by night,” he said to Haran.

“There are times when you cannot see the sun by day, nor the moon and stars by night,” said Haran, “but you can always have your idol with you.”

This troubled little Abraham for a while, but one day he came running to his brother and said, “I have made a discovery. I shall no longer worship the sun, nor the moon, nor the stars. There must be some mighty power behind them that orders them to shine, the sun by day and the moon and stars by night. That great power shall be my God.”

Abraham asked all sorts of queer questions of his father. “Who made the sun and the moon and the stars?” he asked.

“I know not,” replied Terah.

“I have asked all your idols, your gods, and they answer not,” said Abraham.

“They cannot speak,” said Terah.

“Then why do you pray to them and worship them?” persisted the boy.

Terah did not answer. Abraham asked his mother, but she could only tell him that the gods who created everything were with them in the house.

“But Haran made those silly things of wood and clay,” said Abraham, and at last they refused to answer his awkward questions.

Mostly he stood at the door of the house, gazing at the sky as if trying to read the secrets behind the sun and stars.

“Thou shouldst have been placed with an astrologer,” said Haran to him one day. “Thou art a child of the stars.”

Terah heard this and was angry with Haran, for he feared that the secret of the child’s birth might be betrayed.

“I know not why my father keeps thee here,” said Haran afterward to Abraham. “Thou art becoming lazy. I have worked enough this day and will go out to the woods to watch the hunting. Stay thou here. Perchance a purchaser may come. Be heedful and obtain good payment for the idols.”

Not long after Haran left, an old man entered the shop and said he wished to buy an idol.

“I dropped my idol on the ground yesterday and it broke,” he said. “I must have a stronger one.”

“Certainly thou must have a god so strong that naught can break it,” answered Abraham. “Tell me, how old art thou?”

“Full sixty years, boy,” replied the man.

“And yet thou hast not reached years of wisdom,” said Abraham. “See how easy it is to break thy gods,” and he took a stick and smashed one of the idols with a single blow.

The old man fled from the shop horrified.

Next, a woman entered.

“I am too poor to have an idol of my own,” she said. “Therefore, I have brought a little food as an offering to one of the many gods here.”

“Offer it to any idol that pleases thee,” said Abraham, with a laugh.

The woman placed it before the smallest idol.

“This idol is small and surly,” said the boy. “It does not accept thy offering,” and he raised his stick and smashed it.

“Try a bigger idol with thy offering,” he said, and the woman did so.

“Thou also hast no manners,” said Abraham, addressing the god; “eat, or I shall smash thee to pieces.”

The idol, of course, did not eat, and so Abraham broke it, and the woman rushed out into the street in great alarm.

Abraham tried all the idols in turn with the food, and as each was unable to eat, he broke them all except the largest. Before this idol, which was as tall as a man, he paused. Then, laughing loudly, he placed the stick which he had used in the idol’s hand.

By this time, a crowd, attracted by the cries of the old man and the woman, had gathered at the door.

“What hast thou done?” they demanded, angrily.

“I? Nothing,” answered Abraham. “See, the largest idol holds in its hand a big stick. It seems to me that he has been angry and has killed all the others. Ask him why he did this.”

The people stood bewildered until Terah and Haran returned.

“What is the meaning of this?” they asked, pointing to the broken idols.

“Oh! Such fun,” replied Abraham. “There has been a fight here. A woman brought a food offering to the gods, and they quarrelled because they all wanted it. So the big fellow here got angry, and, taking up the stick which you see he still holds, he beat the others and smashed them to bits.”

“Absurd!” cried Haran. “The idols cannot do these things.”

“Ask the big fellow to strike me if I have told lies,” returned Abraham.

“Cease your nonsense,” commanded his father.

“What funny gods yours are,” said Abraham, musingly, standing before the big idol. “Do you think he will hit me if I smack his face?”

Before anybody could stop him, he smacked the idol’s face and then knocked off its head with the stick.

Some of the people ran off to the palace, and soon came an order from King Nimrod that the idol-breaker should be brought before him. Abraham, Haran and Terah were seized by the guards and marched off to the palace.

“Which of you broke the idols?” asked the king, angrily.

“I did, because they were rude and would not accept the offering,” said Abraham. “How can they be gods if they have no sense?”

“Not altogether a foolish remark,” said Nimrod, smiling. “If idols please thee not, then worship fire which has the power to consume.”

“Fire itself can be quenched by water,” replied Abraham.

“Then worship water,” returned Nimrod.

“But water is absorbed by the clouds,” said the boy.

“And clouds are blown by the wind,” said Nimrod.

“Man can withstand the force of the wind,” said Abraham.

“So he will talk all day long, this child of the stars,” exclaimed Haran.

“Child of the stars!” said the chief magician. “Now I understand. O king, this must be no other than the child of Terah against whom, at his birth, we warned your majesty. The message of the stars has come true. He has dared to destroy our gods. Soon he will destroy us.”

“Is this, in truth, the child of the stars?” asked Nimrod, of Terah, but the latter did not answer.

“It is in truth, your majesty,” said Haran. “I have long suspected it.”

“Then why didst thou not inform me?” exclaimed the king in a rage. “I will test this star-child with the power of my god, fire. And thou, Haran, for thy neglect, must also suffer. Guards, let them be bound and cast into the furnace to which I pray daily. Terah, thou art their father. I can forgive thee; thou wilt suffer sufficiently in losing both thy sons to my god.”

The fire was made so hot that the men who endeavored to cast Abraham and Haran into the flames were caught and burned to death. Twelve men in all perished before Terah’s sons were thrown into the furnace. Haran was burned to ashes at once, but to the surprise of the vast crowd that stood at a safe distance, Abraham walked unharmed in the flames, the fetters which bound him having been consumed.

When King Nimrod saw this, he trembled.

“Come forth, boy,” he cried to Abraham, “and I will pardon thee.”

“Bid your men take me out,” he answered.

All who approached the terrific fire, however, were burned to death, and at last when Nimrod said he would bow down before Abraham’s God the boy came forth unharmed.

All the people bowed down before the boy who told them to rise, saying, “Worship not me, but the true God who dwells in Heaven beyond the sun and the stars and whose glory is everywhere.”

King Nimrod loaded the boy with presents and bade him return home in peace.


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