A man finds beaver in small places

A man boasts about his ability to catch beavers even in confined spaces. He enlists companions to help drive muskrats and beavers into a small area for an easy hunt. Despite their efforts, the beaver eludes them. Eventually, after enduring hunger, they discover a stick and find the beaver sitting nearby, leading to a successful hunt that pleases everyone.

Source: 
The Beaver Indians
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 4
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Quest: The man’s journey to hunt beavers and muskrats represents a pursuit to achieve a specific goal.

Cunning and Deception: The man uses strategic methods to outsmart and capture the animals, reflecting the use of wit to achieve his objectives.

Conflict with Nature: The narrative centers on the man’s struggle against natural creatures, highlighting the challenges humans face when interacting with the natural world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Dane-zaa people


One man went to get beaver. “I should be able to kill beaver even in very small places,” he said to himself. He went back and asked someone to go with him after beaver and muskrats. He said they could go behind and drive the muskrats ahead so they might kill them in a small beaver place and eat them all up. They went there and started after them and the muskrats ran off ahead of them. When he came back there again the men were sitting at the small beaver place. “We will eat it all up,” he said. “We will make a hole under his food and go in there. Far up there they came to the end. They looked for him there but he was not to be found. Then one man went into a minkskin and looked for him.

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Then he found him and started after him. There at the end he pushed the wood out. He went home again.

Then they were very hungry. “Go look for some sticks,” he told them. They looked for them and found a stick. When they were looking for it they saw the beaver sitting. They killed them all. The people were pleased.


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A stolen wife is recovered from beyond the sea

A man and his wife camped by a vast lake. While he was hunting, someone abducted her, leaving a trail of disturbed vegetation. Following the signs, the husband reached the lake’s edge and saw his wife being taken across by canoe. Utilizing beaver teeth, he conjured a canoe, enlisted his brothers-in-law, and pursued them. Guided by feathers his wife dropped, they located the abductor’s camp, confronted him, and successfully rescued her.

Source: 
The Beaver Indians
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 4
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Quest: The husband’s journey to retrieve his abducted wife represents a classic quest, involving a challenging journey to achieve a significant goal.

Love and Betrayal: The narrative centers on the husband’s love for his wife and the betrayal he feels due to her abduction.

Conflict with Authority: The confrontation with “Rabbit-tail,” who appears to be a figure of authority or power in the context of the story, highlights a struggle against an oppressive force

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Dane-zaa people


Obtained in English from Ike through John Bourassa

A man left a large camp in which he had many brothers and camped alone with his wife. As they moved about they came to a large lake that one could not see across and camped by it. One day while he was away, hunting, someone stole his wife. He could see where she had been taken along, for as she resisted being pulled along she pulled out herbs and tore off brush which she dropped by the way. The husband followed until he came to a place where he could see across the sea. When the man who had captured the women came there with her she had asked him to shoot some partridges which were in sight for her. The man shot them and gave them to her. They got into the canoe to cross the sea on the further shore of which the man lived. The canoe was still in sight when the husband came to the shore. He called to him, “Agia, my partner, bring my wife back.”

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The man in the canoe shot several arrows at the husband saying, “These are all you will get.” They went on until they were out of sight. The husband resolved to do something about it; he was not going to lose his wife without an effort to recover her.

He had with him some beaver teeth which he always carried, for according to his dream, he could do anything he wished with them. He put them by the water’s edge and said, “I want these to turn into a good canoe tonight.” Then he went back to the large camp where his brothers-in-law were and told them someone had stolen his wife. He asked them to go with him and help him fight to get her back. They went with him and when they came to the shore of the lake a fine canoe was floating there, where he had left the beaver teeth. They paddled out on the lake in it. The woman knowing her husband would come after her, had strewed the partridge feathers along the way they had gone. Where they stopped for the night she put the wing feathers. This she did until they were across. The men who were coming behind them followed the trail of the feathers stopping for the night where the long feathers were found. When they came near the shore they saw many canoes drawn up on the beach. There was no camp there, only a small shelter of poles from which smoke was coming out. The pursuers went in and found an old man there and an old woman. There were fish hanging there which the hosts roasted for their guests. After they had eaten they asked the old woman if a stranger had brought a woman there. “Oh yes,” the old woman replied, “a man named ‘Rabbit-tail’ (gatce) brought a fine woman from the other side of the lake. This morning the camp was moved a little way over where there is plenty of wood.” Hoping to deceive the old woman who did not know them, they asked if this man’s tipi was different in any way from the others. “Yes,” she said, “an otterskin is always hanging at the top of it. When you see that you will know it is his tipi.” Seeing a number of fine spears behind the old woman’s lodge they asked her about them. She replied that they belonged to Rabbit-tail who used them to kill people. The strangers asked to be allowed to examine them and the old woman passed them over. Having examined them they killed the old man and old woman with them.

They went to the new camp where they found the tipis already up but the women were still cutting wood. The husband hid near his wife and called her to him. She said the chief would be hard to kill for he had horns on his head. The husband said they would remain there that night. He told her to get her captor to sharpen her knife which was dull. When they went to bed she was advised to play with her husband for a long time so that he would sleep soundly. Just at daybreak they would rush the camp and when she heard them coming she was to cut the man’s throat with the knife he would have newly sharpened for her. Then she was to rush out before Rabbit-tail’s mother, a medicine woman, sleeping on the other side of the fire, could do anything. Just as day was breaking the next morning they rushed the camp and the stolen wife cut the man’s throat and ran out. The old woman asked what dog was lapping up blood. It was the blood gurgling from her son’s throat she heard. The attacking party killed the old woman and everyone else in the camp, using the spears they had taken. The man started back with his wife. When they came to the lake they broke all the canoes they found there before they recrossed.

It was explained that since the horns were on the sides of the man’s head he had to sleep on his back and it was easy to cut his throat.

They crossed the lake in three days traveling fast with supernatural power.


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A man overcomes obstacles in rescuing his sisters

A man embarks on a journey to rescue his two sisters, who have been taken by a distant tribe. Despite their warnings about their powerful husband, he insists on bringing them home. They face supernatural obstacles, including impassable cliffs and lakes, which vanish after they sleep. Upon returning, they discover that many years have passed, though it felt brief to the brother.

Source: 
The Beaver Indians
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 4
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Quest: The protagonist embarks on a journey to retrieve his sisters.

Time and Timelessness: The discrepancy between the perceived short journey and the significant passage of time upon their return.

Family Dynamics: The central focus on the brother’s determination to rescue his sisters.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Dane-zaa people


A man who had just come home was scolded by his wife and went out again. The wife thought that he had gone out without any particular intention, but asked her son to look for his father. The boy wondered what was the matter and replied that his father was still standing there.

The man had run off. The woman looked after him and then set out to follow him. He had just come back from killing a caribou and he took along the head, dragging it behind him. His wife followed the mark left by the dragged head and by the bones which lay along the way. After a time she turned back, but the man kept on.

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Finally, he came to the trail of some strange people and followed it until he overtook them. He thought they were people but they were really partridges. They gave him some of their food. He went on again and found another trail which he followed. They were porcupines this time. They gave him some of their food, pitch, which seemed to him to be meat.

This man’s two sisters had been taken by a people who lived at a great distance and he was going to get them back. After a time he saw their trail and followed it until he overtook them. He found they were both married to the same man. When he told his sisters that he had come for them, they told him their husband was such a powerful man it was no use, he could do nothing to help them. The young man declared that having come so far for them he would not go back without them.

His brother-in-law had killed a moose and told his wives to bring the meat before it spoiled. “This is our chance,” the young man said, “now we will start back.” They traveled toward their homes day and night without stopping to sleep. Finally sleep was overpowering them and they lay down. When they got up in the morning their way was barred by a sheer cliff no man could climb. The girls began to cry but their brother said they would lie down and sleep again. When they got up the next time the cliff had disappeared.

They went on again toward their homes until sleep again forced them to he down. When they awoke, a lake which they could not cross lay in front of them. The brother told them to lie down again. When they got up the next time a narrow neck of land ran across the lake on which they were able to pass to the other side.

When they came back to their home they found their father so old he could not get up. The man’s wife had been in the prime of life when he left and now her hair was white. The man who had made the journey was a young man when he set out. It had been a long time since he left but it did not seem so to him. He thought it was only a short time before. That was a powerful man who by supernatural power made a long journey, although it did not seem long to him.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Tumaxale, a culture hero

Tumaxale encountered a girl destined as a sacrifice to a giant beaver. He killed the beaver with an arrow, dismembered it, and scattered the pieces, creating beavers of normal size. After reuniting the girl with her people, he continued his journey, confronting and defeating various malevolent beings. This tale highlights themes of bravery and the origins of beavers.

Source: 
The Beaver Indians
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 4
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Cultural Heroes: Tumaxale exemplifies a foundational figure who shapes society by overcoming challenges and protecting his people.

Origin of Things: After defeating the beaver, Tumaxale dismembers it, and the scattered pieces transform into regular-sized beavers, explaining their presence in the world.

Quest: Tumaxale embarks on a journey, facing various challenges, including battling adversaries and navigating perpetual darkness, to achieve his goals.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Dane-zaa people


There were once two brothers who were traveling together. When they came to a large lake they decided to separate, one going along the shore in one direction and one in the other.

One of them, Tumaxale, had not gone far before he came to a trail which had been used by people. He followed this trail between two mountains until it came out again on the large lake. He passed along where sky and water were seen on either side, and walked across on an old beaver dam. He saw a pretty girl sitting nearby, whom he addressed as sister, asking her why she was there. The girl, as soon as she saw someone approach, began to cry. “Why do you cry, sister?” the young man asked.

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“A large beaver lives here that can only be pacified by giving him a human being. I have been given to him,” she replied. “He said he would come to get me this evening when the sun is half way down that big mountain.” Saying that he would watch for the beaver, he left the girl on the top of the mountain where he told her to wait for him. The girl told him that the beaver came out just at the edge of the water where the beaver dam made a bend. The young man sat there watching for the beaver and keeping track of the sun, and said to himself, “My sister said he will come out when the sun reaches that point.”

The water began to move. Although the lake was a large one it was all set in motion. The beaver himself looking like a mountain came out at the turn of the dam. When the young man saw the beaver he said to himself that he was too big; but he also remembered how bad he was, and shot him, the arrow striking just behind the ear. He then ran away, Oh how he ran. He came up where the girl was sitting and the rising water came right up toward them. The water receded, and they followed it back until they came to the beaver dam. Because the beaver was so large he cut it up in little pieces and threw them all over the country. “You will be only so large,” he said. The pieces were as large as a man’s little finger and there became as many beaver as there were pieces which were scattered over the world.

They two started after the people who were living on ahead. “I will sit here and wait for you, sister,” he said. “Go to your relatives.” As soon as they saw her coming they all started to cry, thinking they would not live. “My brother killed it,” she told them. “Where is your brother?” they asked. “He is sitting right there,” she said. “And what is your brother’s name?” they asked her. “His name is Tumaxale (he goes along the shore),” she told them. They were all glad he had done that, and did not want to let him go away. Each one of them asked him to be a son-in-law. He stayed there a short time, but concluded he would not remain in one place. He told them he was going out. They warned him there were bad people there. He went up to them and clubbed them all to death, leaving not one of them alive.

He walked along the road until he came to a large place where he slept. There was a narrow place between two hills where it was the custom to set snares. He set a snare there and went to bed. It was very dark and daylight did not return. He kept climbing up the hill to look for the dawn, but there was not a sign of it. The darkness had lasted so long his wood was all gone. Although it was still night he went back where he had set the snare. He found it was the sun that had been caught, but it was so hot he could not go near it. “Let all the animals come here quickly,” he said to himself. They all came running there, but could do nothing. The very last, a mouse, came running back all burned. He had gnawed the rope off. The young man ran back along his own road to the place where the sun had been caught and took his snare again.

He went on the way he had been going. Winter came on him again. As he was walking along, he came to a place where someone had drawn a sleigh along. Tumaxale had slept there and hung up a lynx. Some one had eaten some of the lynx in his absence. He started to follow him. He saw he had gone along there that day. He was again carrying a big lynx. When they saw him coming they prepared a tipi for him. He asked them to roast the lynx he was carrying. “My grandchild, did you ever eat this?” someone asked. “I only make use of its fat,” he replied. She gave it to him. “I live on this kind only,” he said. He drank only the soup of it.

Then they lay down for the night. That one was not a proper man. He looked carefully at the man’s feet as he lay there. His moccasins were hanging up at his feet. He put the other man’s moccasins in the place of his own. Then the man with whom he was staying thought he would take down his guest’s moccasins, but he really took down all his own, put them in the fire and lay down again. In the morning he got up before the other man and quickly took down his own moccasins. “Here, grandchild, those are my moccasins,” the guest called to him. He passed them to him and began to cry. He sat there without any moccasins. Tumaxale only had two pair of moccasins but they did not wear out. He went entirely around the edge of the sky without wearing them out. He gave him one of the two pair of his own moccasins. He was pleased, and gave him one of his own arrows. He too was pleased. “When you are about to lie down tonight we will shoot at the end of a stump,” he said.

Then he went on the way he had been going. He dropped the lynx which he had been carrying for food. Suddenly he came to a trail that had been used by people. There he shot at a stump. The arrows were pointing up. “Do not get it,” he was told. He thought it was quite close and stepped up toward it. The arrow went further and further up until he followed it clear to the sky. Then he went on after it until he came where some people were living. The people to whom he came lived on nothing but caribou. He thought it was on this world.

After he had remained there a short time he thought he would go to his own country. Then the old woman made a line of caribou skin for him. She made a large amount of the line and then she made a hole for him through the ground. She put him in a skin and gave him a knife. “When you think you are on the earth cut through the skin,” she told him. Finally, he thought he must be on the earth. He tried to swing himself but he did not move. He cut through the skin to find himself on a big bird’s nest. He said, “Grandmother your line,” as he had been told to do; and she drew the line up.

Then he started to go far away. He was on a large bird’s nest. Three young birds were sitting in it. He came up to them and began to ask questions. The two larger ones said they did not like this man who had been given them. For that reason he knocked them down with a club. One of them told him what he asked. “You are not going to live,” he warned the man. “When does your father come back?” he asked the bird. “There is hail and a big wind when he comes back,” the young bird said. “And your mother, when does she get back?” he asked again. “She comes when there is rain and a big wind,” was the reply.

The man made ready for them. There was hail and the father returned. “I smell an animal here,” he said. “Well, what have you been leaving here?” the young one replied. “I certainly smell something alive,” he said and went around the edge of his nest looking for it. He knocked him down with a club.

Again, the mother was coming back. Again, “I smell something alive,” she said. Again, she started around the edge of the nest. Again, he knocked her down. He took the small one and it went about with him. “You will be just this small,” he told it. He traveled around with it until it was just large enough to fly. They came to a river and the man put the bird on the bank. “Do you see a fish swimming about at the bottom of the river?” he asked the bird. “Yes,” he replied. “Well, jump on it,” he told the bird. He jumped on the fish, caught it, and took it out of the water. “Why don’t you eat it?” he asked the bird. “Is it good?” he asked again. “Yes,” was the reply. “As long as the world exists you shall eat them. You shall live on them,” the man said.

Again he started on the way he was going. Suddenly, he came where there was a road used by people. He traveled along on this road, camping on it until he came where an old woman was living. When he came to her she said, “Grandchild, how have you been traveling? Grandchild, these people are bad. You will not live. My three daughters have all kinds of bad things living in their bodies with which they kill people.” He killed all the things that lived in them. That is why the old man was very angry.

Then the young man said, “I will make arrows.” “Well, let him go for them,” the old man said. “Grandmother, what does he mean?” he asked. “Grandchild, he means a bad place. It is there he is in the habit of going,” she replied. “What kind of a place is it?” he asked. “At a place where saskatoons grow there are large snakes. It is there he goes. That is the place he means,” she said. Then he went there. He made himself stone leggings and went among the saskatoons with them. The snakes all rushed at him and caught him by the legs. He clubbed the snakes, took the arrow shafts, and went back.

“Get the polishing stone from your father for me,” he said. “Let him get the polishing stones where I usually get them,” the old man said. He went to his grandmother to ask about it. “Grandchild, it is a difficult place. There is an elk there who is a person. He walks back and forth on the top of a cutbank. He has something that chases people and barks after them like a dog. You can’t get up to him without his knowing it,” she told him. He got up to him and was ready for him. “I saw you first,” he said. “You go down the bank first.” The man refused, but nevertheless was forced to run down the bank and he kicked at him. “Why didn’t you run straight along the road?” he asked. They ran along again and he kicked at him but did not hit him. He threw him down and he fell down the bank. The elk’s wife down below killed him. She thought it was a stranger she was killing but it was her own husband. The woman came up to him from below, and began running about. He knocked her down and killed her with his club. He took the polishing stone and went home with it.

The young man put his arrows in the fire, “I will put feathers on them,” he said to himself. “Go to your father and get feathers for me,” he said. “Let him get feathers where I always get them,” the old man replied. Again he went to his grandmother, “Grandchild, he means a hard place. Big eagles live there,” she told him. That they might not get his scent he approached them from the windward. He killed all the birds with his club, took the feathers, and went home with them.

Again he said, “Get sinew for me from your father.” “Let him get it where I always get it,” said the old man. Again, he went to his grandmother, “Grandmother, where does he mean?” he asked. “Grandchild, it is a difficult place. There is a big buffalo living on a large prairie. One cannot get to him without his knowledge. Snipes which make a noise when he does not see a person sit on the ends of his horns. As soon as he came where the buffalo lay the birds saw him and flew up. He made them go down again. They flew up again without cause. “Why do you mislead me?” he asked. “We were deceived by the leaves,” they replied. He lay down again. The man transformed himself into a rodent and made himself a road to the buffalo. He made roads in many directions. Then he gnawed the hair off well below the animal’s shoulder and stabbed him there. He ran away along his own road. He killed him, took sinew for himself, and went home with it.

“Go to your father and get pitch for me,” he said. “Let him get pitch where I always get it,” the old man replied. Then he went to his grandmother. “Grandmother, what does he mean?” “Grandchild, there are trees which are like animals. These large trees are growing together and it is only in between them that pitch is to be had. That is what he means.” Then he made mittens of stone for himself and put them on. When he came there he threw in a stick. The trees struck against each other. He pulled his hand out leaving only his mitten. After that he took the pitch he wanted.

Now he had killed all the things the old man used to dream about. This caused him to be very angry.

Then he told his three daughters that they should go for berries and they went off for them. “My son-in-law, some grizzly bears used to live over there. Let us go after them,” the old man said. They two started to go there and went on until they came to a large prairie on a point of land. “This is where they used to be,” he said. They went down to the river. There were three bears standing together on the prairie. “You watch for them here,” the old man said. The young man lay in wait for them while the old man scared them down there. The three bears ran toward him and as they came up he put an arrow into each one as it passed. Then he called for his wife, and told her that the young man had killed all their children.

Tumaxale then chased him entirely around the world. As he was about to kill the old man, he jumped into the water. He called for a pelican and one lighted there and drank up all the water. They looked for him everywhere on the lake bottom and could not find him. He called for small diving birds. When they came he instructed them to go to the pelican. When they lighted by him he said, “You seem to like my belly. I myself was looking for the skull of the black water beetles.” They all stabbed the pelican right in his mouth and flew away. The mean old man was completely drowned.

After that he started on in the direction he had been going. Not far from there he met an old man whose head was gray. He was a pitiful looking man. “Who is he?” he said to himself. It was his younger brother. They were boys when they separated. When they saw each other, the other one also said to himself, “Who is that?” They began to tell each other what they had been doing, and then they realized they were brothers.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The stolen women

Two sisters are abducted by the Cree while their tribe’s men are hunting. Their brother, a medicine man, embarks on a quest to rescue them, receiving guidance from various animals along the way. He eventually locates his sisters and devises a plan for their escape. The younger sister successfully flees, but the story ends abruptly, leaving the elder sister’s fate unknown.

Source: 
Chipewyan Tales
by Robert Harry Lowie
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 3
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Quest: The brother undertakes a journey to rescue his kidnapped sisters.

Cunning and Deception: The brother devises a clever plan to facilitate his sisters’ escape from the Cree.

Family Dynamics: The narrative centers on the brother’s determination to save his sisters, highlighting strong familial bonds.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


A band of Chipewyan were staying by a lake. While the men were hunting, some Cree stole two of the Chipewyan women, who were sisters. Returning, the Chipewyan wanted to go after the Cree, but there were too few of them. So they stayed where they were, and continued to hunt deer. Each man would skin his deer, put all the deer meat in the hide, and thus drag it to the lodge. The brother of the stolen women was a medicine-man. He was very angry and started alone after the Cree. On his way he passed three birds’ nests. He had to speak to each before they allowed him to pass, and they gave him information as to the Cree. The fourth animal he met was a flying squirrel. It told him where he might find his sisters. “First, you must pass a snail, and if you lack food, ask the snail for some.

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Then you will get to an old woman.” The man traveled on, until he camped by a creek. He had nothing to eat. When a snail came, he asked it for food. The snail dived into the water, brought up four white fish and gave them to him. But on opening the sack, he found the fish transformed into snails. So he threw them away, and traveled on until he got to a lodge. He entered. There was an old woman there. “Grandmother, I am very hungry.” “I have nothing to give you, but go to the bush, and you will be sure to find some chickens. Pluck a chicken on the spot where it falls dead, stir up the feathers with a stick, and blow on them. Then every feather will turn into a chicken.” He acted accordingly, and each feather changed into a chicken that flew on the trees.

He started off again. His wife had been tracking him. He had been pulling along his deer hide with meat all the time, not noticing how his load was lightening as pieces of the meat fell out. The increased lightness of his load he attributed to his increasing strength. His wife had fed on these lost scraps of venison. She knew he had only one deer and kept track of the pieces found. She knew after a while that only the head was left. At last she found the head, and then she thought she had better turn back, or she should starve, that being the very last piece.

Her husband continued until he got to an old woman. She was a toad. She said, “You won’t travel a day, before you’ll arrive at your destination. I can’t tell you how you can best rescue your sisters, you’ll have to judge yourself when you get there.” He walked on, and got to the tracks of the Cree. At sunset he saw smoke far ahead. He saw a lodge without poles, but tied together of sticks, with an opening at one side. He watched in the bushes all night. He heard the people talking Cree, but stayed in the brush all night. Some one had left a moose hide outside.

In the morning he saw two women coming out of the lodge. They were his sisters. He made signs to them, and one of them came to him. The other woman worked at the moose hide. The man said, “This evening I’ll try to rescue you from the Cree. Cover yourself with a blanket and tie it with a rotten string, so that when your husband tries to pull you back, the string will break. Tell your sister about it.” In the evening the two women ate with their husband. They donned blankets and put sinew around, but the older sister used a kind of strong rag (?). The younger sister went ahead. She told their husband that they were going to fetch wood. The younger one started off. Her husband tried to restrain her, but the string broke, and she escaped. But the string of the older did not break, and so her husband held her back. The Chipewyan and his younger sister escaped. Every night, by their medicine, the Cree transformed the camping place of the fugitives into an island with fierce rapids around it, but in the morning the Chipewyan, by his medicine, conquered that of the Cree. Thus they got away in safety.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Adventures of two boys

Two boys survive a Cree attack that decimates their tribe. They encounter two young geese, tie them to an old canoe, and fall asleep as the geese pull them along. Upon waking, the geese have matured, and the boys, driven by hunger, consume them. Their journey leads them to a giant’s lodge, where they are given magical bows and instructed to always leave a remnant of their food. Disobeying the giant’s warning, one boy retrieves a stuck arrow, causing him to ascend to the sky, where he embarks on further adventures.

Source: 
Chipewyan Tales
by Robert Harry Lowie
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 3
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Transformation: The boys undergo significant changes, both physically and emotionally, as they navigate their journey and face various challenges.

Quest: Their journey to find safety and return to their homeland serves as a central quest in the narrative.

Loss and Renewal: The story begins with the loss of their community and follows the boys as they seek renewal and a new beginning.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


A band of Indians was staying along a lake. Once two little boys were playing by the lake, while the Cree came and killed all their people. When they returned home, one of them said, “All our people are killed, I don’t know what to do.” They walked about crying.

Towards evening two young unfledged geese came swimming along. The boys caught hold of them. Finding an old canoe by the shore, they tied the geese to it and bade them swim off to their country. The boys fell asleep, while the geese pulled their canoe along. When they woke up, the geese were full-grown. They were hungry and had nothing to eat, so they killed the geese, roasted them, and ate their flesh.

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They started off traveling and continued going for a long time. They got to a lodge. There was a giant family living there. The children were outside. The mother came out; she did not know what kind of people the boys came from. She took them in, and they were kept there for a long time. After a while, the giant dreamt that some Indians were coming. He said to the boys, “My grandchildren, I am hungry for fish and beaver. Walk along the shore, and if you see anything white rising, cry out, ‘My grandfather would like to eat some beaver and fish!’”

The little fellows started out. They saw something white rising from the water and called out as bidden by the giant. Then a beaver and a trout came out of the water, and they killed both. They carried them to the lodge. The giant cut up and dried the trout. Of its eyes he made pemmican for the little fellows. He made two bows and arrows and gave them to the boys. “If you shoot with this arrow, and it should get stuck anywhere, don’t remove it, but leave it in that place. This other arrow will never stick, but will always fall down again.” Then he bade them refrain from eating all their meat at once, but ordered them always to leave a remnant. He showed them the way to their own country, and they started out.

They had something to eat when they got hungry, but, remembering the giant’s caution, they pushed a part of their meat back into their sack. In the evening they opened the sack, and it contained as much pemmican as before. They ate all but a small piece, which was replaced in the bag. In the morning the meat was still of the same size as originally.

They hunted some chickens perched on a tree. One was killed and fell down, but the arrow stuck. The boys took the chicken and started off again into the bush, but there they found the arrow lying in front of them. They walked on. Again some chickens alighted on a tree, not very far away. They shot at it, and the one arrow got stuck though rather close to the ground. One boy was going to get it. His brother said, “We were told not to go after that arrow.” The first boy said it was not high, and insisted on getting it. As he touched it, the arrow ascended higher. “I’ll jump up and get hold of it.” “No, don’t,” said the other boy, but his brother disobeyed and jumped. Then the arrow went up with him to the sky.

It was summer when he was traveling on the earth, but in heaven it was winter. The arrow stopped, and the boy began to travel about. It looked like his own country in winter. He saw partridge tracks, and finally he got to people’s tracks. Following them for a long time, he got to two lodges, one being large and the other small. He entered the small one, and found an old woman sitting there all alone.

In the large lodge people were heard singing and laughing. The old woman took a lot of coal and blackened the hero’s face with it. After a while her two girls came in from the large lodge. Seeing the boy, they called out that their mothers had a fine-looking visitor. They went back to their large lodge and told the other inmates about him. Meanwhile the old woman washed him and dressed him up nicely. When the girls returned, and saw the boy nicely dressed, they no longer laughed at him, but were surprised. They told the people of the lodge what a nice boy was staying with their mother.

Both desired to marry him. In the night the boy slept in the old woman’s lodge and the girls came in and lay down on each side of him. He turned to the youngest, et sub vestem manum introduxit, sed aliquid manum prehendit, and he pulled it back. Tunc ad utrius filiae vaginam pedem suum propellit, sed iterum aliquid eum prehendere conatus est. He pulled it back. One woman had mice under her dress, the other one ermines. They all fell asleep. In the morning the boy still slept soundly. He sunk way down into the ground. The old woman and the girls started off with their lodge-poles. The girls in one place smelt a person. They heard some animal calling underground. “One of us had better get ribs to dig up this fellow.” They got a rib and began digging, but it broke. Then they got a moose rib, and with it they succeeded in digging up the boy who had turned into a wolf. He recognized the girls, and said, “You pretend to know much, but I know nearly as much as you. Here are two arrows, if a female comes, it shall belong to the Ermine girl, if a male comes, it shall belong to the Mouse girl.”

The girls saw the tracks of a male and of a female moose. The wolf said, “If a moose starts running, just shoot your arrows and follow into the bush.” They soon came to the female, cut it up and dried its meat. The male was shot and treated in the same way. As the wolf had directed, one girl stayed by one moose, the other by the other, while the wolf remained with the mother. The wolf and the old woman heard wolves howling in the distance. Starting in that direction they found that one girl had been rent to pieces by the wolves and that a lot of ermines were running about there. The wolves had only torn the Mouse-girl’s dress and there were a lot of mice running about there. The wolf said, “Your daughters thought they knew lots, but I know more.” He started off with the wolves. Then he turned back into a person and married the Mouse-girl. The three then stayed together.

The boy was a great hunter. They had plenty of dried meat. The old woman would make rawhide cordage and when she had made a great deal of cord, she said, “I know a place where there is a hole in the sky, and where we can go down to another world.”

They traveled a long time to the sky-hole. She made a moose-skin bag for the boy, passed a line through it, and said, “I’ll let you down to your own country. When it stops, you’ll open the sack and come out. Pull the line to let me know you have arrived.” He descended for a long time, until the sack stopped. He got out, and jerked the rope, whereupon the sack immediately ascended again.

He found himself on an island, and all around it was nothing but foaming rapids. He got to an eagle’s nest. Only the young eagle was there. He said, “I am very anxious for you, for my people are wicked. I’ll try to save you. Hide under my wing-feathers.” So he pushed the boy under his feathers. Then he continued, “My mother will soon come. When she approaches it will be dark like a cloud. When my father comes, it will sound like a big wind.” After a while it began to grow dark. “My mother is coming.” When the female arrived she said, “My son, I smell some people here.” But the eaglet replied, “There is nothing here.” She repeated, but he insisted that no one was there. After a while a big storm was heard, and the father bird arrived. “My son, I smell the odor of people here.” The boy denied that there were any people there. The father repeated his statement, but the boy persisted in his denial. After a time the old eagles started off again. Then the eaglet said, “Pull out two feathers from each side of my body, and try to fly.” He put the feathers on the boy’s arms, and said, “Fly around.” The boy began to fly but his legs hung down. “Pull two feathers from my tail, and attach them to your legs.” The boy did so, and then flew about like an eagle. “Now you can fly to your country, but always stop for the night,” said the eaglet. “When you reach your country, stick my feathers on the trees.” The boy flew to his country. He arrived there by night, and stuck up his borrowed feathers. He traveled homeward, camping every night, as ordered by the eaglet. One day he was hungry, and began to break a beaver lodge, making a chisel of rib bones and a spear. He watched for the beaver, but though something stirred in the water, no beaver came up. As it grew dark, he camped. Suddenly something caught hold of him from behind. It was one of the big eagles, who flew off with him. They got to a frozen creek, all covered with blood. There the bird threw the boy down, but the latter just put out his chisel, and was not hurt by the fall. Then the bird again seized him, carried him off, and hurled him against a sharp ice-crag. But again he put forward his chisel, so that it stuck in the ice, and he was saved. Then the eagle said, “My children will kill him.” So he took him back to the eyrie. The young ones recognized him. The old bird said, “I’ve brought you a person to kill when you are hungry.” The young birds said, “We’ll keep him for company, let him stay with us.” After much discussion the old eagle finally consented. Then the old eagles flew off. The young eagle again gave feathers to the boy, and he flew off. [The narrator insisted that nothing further was known of the boy’s adventures.]


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The boy who became strong

A young boy discovers a bi-colored ribbon, which, against his mother’s advice, he ties around his waist. This grants him immense strength, enabling feats like uprooting large trees. He and his mother encounter man-eating giants; the mother marries one, while the boy lives independently, instilling fear in the giants due to his power. When his mother falls ill, he embarks on perilous journeys to retrieve healing items, battling formidable adversaries to restore her health.

Source: 
Chipewyan Texts
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 1
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story

Quest: He embarks on journeys to obtain items like special berries and water to heal his ailing mother, facing formidable adversaries along the way.

Supernatural Beings: The narrative includes encounters with man-eating giants and a mean man with a huge iron cane, highlighting interactions with otherworldly entities.

Sacred Objects: The bi-colored ribbon serves as a powerful artifact that bestows strength upon the boy, playing a crucial role in his transformation.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


In the beginning a woman was walking along with her boy. They came where a bi-colored ribbon lay on a tree. “I am going to take it,” the boy said to his mother. “No, you must not,” she told him, “it belongs to someone.”

When they had walked on a little way the boy asked his mother to go on ahead as he wished privacy for a moment. When she was out of sight he hurried back, took the ribbon, cut off a piece two yards long and tied it around his waist.

Because of that ribbon he became very strong so that he was able to tear up even large trees by the roots. His mother who did not know the source of his strength wondered how he could do this.

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They went along in this manner until they came where two man-eating giants lived. There was much human flesh hanging in the house. When they went in the boy was not afraid of the giants but looked around at everything in the house. “Feed us,” said one of the giants to the boy. He took up a knife as if he were about to kill him, but the boy was not frightened. He began to handle all the implements [very heavy ones, of course, since they belonged to giants] and then the giants began to be afraid and let him alone. The mother married one of the giants, but the boy lived by himself near by. He stayed there a long time making. all sorts of things and the giants were afraid of him because he was so strong.

After a time his mother became sick. When she had been ill some time and it seemed she could not live the boy came to her and said, “Mother what can I do so that you may live?” The mother replied, “Way over there are many good berries. If I could eat them I might live.” “Then I will get them for you,” the boy replied. He started out, and when he had gone many miles found some good berries which he thought must be the ones his mother meant. He found one hundred large panthers guarding them. The panthers were all asleep and he stepped along among the sloughs until he came within a mile w hen one of the panthers woke. “A boy is stealing our berries,” he called to the others. Then the boy seized one of the panthers and with it as a club killed all the others. Taking the berries, he went back to his mother who recovered after having eaten them. The boy lived outside as he had done before.

After a long time his mother fell sick again. She lost flesh so that it seemed she could not live. The boy came to his mother again and asked her what had happened. “Son, I shall not live,” she replied. “Mother, what can I do that you may live?” he asked her. “Way over there is some water which smells a little. If you could bring me some of that I might live,” she told him. He started after it and found water that smelled a little hanging in the top of a tree near a house which was standing there. The boy began to climb after it, but when he was half way up a mean man came out of the house. “Boy, you will die. You are stealing my water,” he said. He was carrying a huge iron cane. The boy came down the tree, took the cane from him and struck him on the crown of his head with it, killing him. He then went in the house and looked all around. When he went upstairs he saw a young woman sitting there. “Why do you sit here?” he asked. “A mean man stole me, and I had a child for him long ago,” she replied. “Well, go to your home wherever it is. I have killed the man who held you a prisoner. Do not be afraid,” he told her. He took some of the water and carried it back to his mother. He gave her some of it and she recovered. The boy lived outside as before.

Again after a long time the boy’s mother was dangerously sick. The boy said, “Mother, what is the one thing I can do so that you may live?” “My son, it is something difficult,” she said. “I must know what is the source of your strength, on that condition only may I live.” “Then you are planning my death,” replied the boy. “I took that ribbon which we passed long ago and tied it around me. I am strong by means of that.” He gave the ribbon to his mother saying, “Now do whatever you intend.” When the woman had tied the ribbon around her waist she became strong. “My son, let us walk over there,” she proposed to her son. She began to pull up trees, even large ones. They came to a very large spruce. “Climb this one,” she said to the boy. The boy began climbing it with his mother behind him. She pricked his eyes out and left him.

The boy, blind and helpless, started off alone. He soon heard a sledge coming, drawn by dogs. He could hear the bells and knew someone was approaching. When they came up to him, one of the men said, “This is the sort we are looking for. We are taking the unfortunate with us.” They brought him to the settlement and gave him into the care of an old man. This old man, who was cook for the big chief, loved the boy. He lived with him a long time.

This big chief, for whom the old man was cook, sent out invitations to bring about the marriage of his daughters. The men were to gather and the daughters were to make their own selections. On the day the selections were to be made, the old man who was the cook said to the blind young man, “My grandchild, let us go over there where the chief’s daughters are to be married and see the people.” “Grandfather,” the young man replied, “it is no use for me to go. I cannot see anything and the people will just make fun of me.” “Oh, that does not matter,” said the old man, “we will go anyway.” The young man finally consented and the old man led him to the house and gave him a seat on the floor just inside the door.

They found the house already full. There were many minor chiefs there. The big chief had three daughters two of whom had already chosen rich men for their husbands. The remaining daughter chose the blind young man. She was the girl he had rescued many years before when his mother had sent him for the water. When he killed the mean man and sent her home, she had made a vow that if she ever saw him again she would marry him. As soon as he came into the house she recognized him. Her father was very angry and said, “My daughter, because you have chosen to marry a blind man I will not keep you. Go away from me today somewhere where I will never see you again.” Then he gave her much money and provided her with a large boat and servants.

They went away in the boat. The young man was not happy although he was married, for he thought she had taken him because he was unfortunate and she pitied him, but his wife loved him to the limit of her ability and kissed him. When it was noon and they were stopping to eat she proposed to her blind husband that while the servants were making tea they should go to a neighboring hill. “No,” the young man said, “you are only planning to take me there to desert me. I will not walk with you.” “Oh, no,” his wife replied, “I have loved you for a long time because you saved my life. It is only on that account I wish to lead you there.” “Well,” consented the blind man, “Lead me there.” They started up the hill and soon came to a large lake. A large moose was approaching feeling its way along as if searching for something. “A blind moose is coming this way,” said the wife to her husband. “It acts as if it were searching for something.” “Let us watch it,” said the man. When the moose came to the water it waded in, put its head under water and held it there some time. When it raised its head, it looked about. It put its head down again and held it under the water. When it raised its head its eyes were all right again. Then the woman said, “The moose put its head in the water and its eyes became good again. You do that.” “I will not do it,” replied the man. “It is because you wish me to drown you say that.” “No,” said the woman, “the moose’s eyes are certainly good. You do that too, and the same thing will happen to you.” “Well, I will do it,” he said. The woman lead him to the lake. When he had held his head in the water some time he raised it again, “Well, your eyes seem a little improved,” his wife said. “You look like a small woman,” he told her. “Well, do it again,” she advised him. He put his head in the water again. When he’ raised his head he said, “I can certainly see.”

Then they went back to their servants. The young man said, “I will go where my mother is.” He started toward his mother’s house accompanied by the servants but without his wife. When he came near to the place where he used to live he went close and saw that the ribbon was indeed lying there. At night they went into the house. He took the ribbon and tied it on again. The next night when the sun had set he went there again and killed his mother and his two fathers.

Then he went again to his wife and they returned to her father’s house. When they came there his father-in-law saw his eyes were good again. He welcomed him gladly, and urged him to live with him and promised he should have all he possessed. The young man did so and became a great chief. [The translation of the last two paragraphs is quite uncertain.]


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The discovery of metal by a captive woman

A woman, captured by the Eskimo, escapes with her child. After a long journey, she encounters a vast herd of caribou, from which she secures meat. Leaving her greedy child behind, she continues alone and discovers a hill of metal. She collects some and later shares its location with strangers, believed to be Europeans, introducing them to metal. The stone markers she erected to retrace her path reportedly grew large over time.

Source: 
Chipewyan Texts
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 1
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story

Quest: The woman’s journey to escape captivity and her subsequent travels in search of sustenance and safety represent a quest.

Origin of Things: The story provides an explanation for the origin of metal possession among certain people, attributing it to the woman’s discovery.

Cultural Heroes: The woman serves as a foundational figure who brings the knowledge of metal to others, significantly impacting their society.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


This myth is briefly given by Samuel Hearne (A Journey from Prince of Wales’ Port in Hudson’s Bay to the Northern Ocean, London, 1795), in reference to the copper mines near Coppermine River which he visited in 1771, Petitot secured this myth at Cold Lake in 1881 with the interesting additional incident of the woman gradually sinking into the mountain. This conclusion of the story was also given by the informant from whom text 13 was secured. He added that the shallow place crossed by the woman was caused by the body of a giant who fell there in a combat.

Once a woman was stolen by the Eskimo. After she had lived with them for some time and had a child, she went away, taking it with her. She went a long distance killing birds and rabbits for food. The child was very greedy often eating everything up away from its mother. After a time they came to a large lake where she sat and cried. While she was sitting there she saw a wolf walking through the water. She wondered how he was able to cross the lake. He came up to her and licked the tears from her eyes. She soon got up and broke off two sticks. “I want to see how deep the water is,” she said to herself. She waded far out into the lake but the water was only a little below her knees. Finally, she could not see the land behind her. It grew dark but she continued to wade until morning. Toward evening of the next day, there was something behind that looked like land. “The Eskimo must be following me,” she thought. Ahead of her there also seemed to be land. When she came close to the shore, whatever it was behind her was also approaching. She walked very fast; the water was always at the same depth. When she came to the land, she found that it was a vast herd of caribou that was following her. She had only an awl with her but tying it to a stick she sat with it by the trail. As they came by her, she speared them. There were so many of them that they looked like land. They continued passing her until the trail was worn down so deep that only their horns stuck up. When she had killed a large number, she began drying the meat so that she could carry it with her. “I am going to leave that greedy boy behind,” she said to herself. “I will make some soup for him, in a paunch.”

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“My son, wait here for me, I am going to carry the meat to the top of the hill,” she said to him. She started away without him. When she came to the top of the first hill she looked back and saw that he was still sitting there, eating. She went on to the top of another hill and from there she could still see him eating. The woman walked along alone. When it was night she saw a fire toward which she continued walking. She walked on for many days and nights. Every night she could see the fire. When she came to it, she found it was metal. She gathered up the best pieces and placed them in her blanket and carried them with her. As she went back she piled stones on top of each other on the tops of all the hills, so that she would know the way if she wished to return. Finally, she came to some kind of people whom she did not know. When they saw that she had metal they asked her where she got it. “Very far away, in that direction, there is one hill of nothing else. It was there that I found it.” “Take us to it,” they said to her. She went with these people who are believed to have been Frenchmen [any European except an Englishman]. Ever after, they knew about metal and were the only people who possessed it. The stones which she placed one above the other were always to be seen after that. They say the stones have now grown to be very large.


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The Monster Bird

Two young men embark on a journey, initially using geese to pull their canoe. After consuming the geese, they receive sustenance and guidance from wolves, who warn them not to retrieve arrows stuck in trees. Ignoring this advice, one man climbs a tree after his arrow, leading him to ascend into the sky. There, he encounters an old woman and her two daughters, who deceive and entrap him underground. Wolves eventually rescue him, providing enchanted arrows and further counsel for his journey.

Source: 
Chipewyan Texts
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 1
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story

Quest: The young men undertake a journey with uncertain outcomes, seeking sustenance and adventure.

Forbidden Knowledge: Despite warnings from the wolves, one young man seeks to retrieve an arrow from a tree, leading to unforeseen consequences.

Journey to the Otherworld: The protagonist undergoes a significant change by ascending to the sky, entering a new realm, and facing challenges that alter his understanding and circumstances.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


Petitot, Emile (Traditions Indiennes du Canada Nord-Ouest, Paris, 1886) secured a version of this myth from a native of Great Slave Lake which differs in the beginning in telling of the father of the two young men who sent them out to hunt and in the omission at the end of the capture of the young man and his second imprisonment in the nest. He also includes a myth recorded by Faraud in 1859 of very different import in which the same characters, both human and supernatural appear. Dr. Lowie’s version obtained at Fort Chipewyan is exactly parallel except that giants first befriended them instead of wolves and that the burning of the nest is omitted.

In the beginning, two young men secured some geese and tied them to their canoe so that they might be drawn through the water by them. The young men lay down in the canoe, saying to the geese, “Take us wherever your land may be.” When they stood up, they found the geese full grown. As they were without food, they killed them, built a fire, and cooked and ate them, and when they had finished their meal, continued their journey.

After they had gone a long distance, they again found themselves without food. Some wolves came to them and fed them with fat and pemmican. “Do not eat it all,” the wolves warned them, “leave some to eat in the morning after you have slept.” The wolves also gave them arrows but cautioned them as to their use and said, “If you should shoot grouse, after a time, and the arrow sticks up in a tree, do not climb up to get it.” The young men resumed their journey. After a time, one of them shot grouse and his arrow fell rather high on a tree. Not heeding the warning of the wolves, he said to his companion, “I am going to get it.” “No,” said the other, “the wolves told us not to do that.” Thinking the arrow was not very high, he stood on something and reached toward it. The arrow moved still further out of his reach and the young man involuntarily ascended toward the sky after it.

The one who had ascended to the sky traveled alone until he came where a tipi stood. He found an old woman there who blackened his face with a coal. He heard two girls laughing in the brush behind the house.

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When they came in, they said, “Mother, what sort of a bad animal has come here?” They laughed at him a long time, and then went out again into the brush. The old woman immediately washed his face and combed his hair. Soon he heard the girls talking again, saying, “We will go in again and laugh at that thing which came.” As soon as they came in each said, “I would like to have that man. I will marry him.” That night, one lay down on either side of him. After a time, when the man woke up, he found he was under the ground and could not move. In the morning, he heard the family going away. He heard the two girls laughing as they started; but the old woman was crying, and saying to herself, “They have done that way to many nice men who have come to me.” Not long after that he heard some wolves coming to the campsite. “What has happened?” one of them said, “There is the smell of a live man.” One of the wolves, named Ebedaholtihe, was addressed, “There is a man under the ground. We will take him out. Go and get the partly chewed bone we left behind the old camp.” The man heard someone tapping with a spear on the ground as he ran along. Soon he heard the same sounds as the wolf returned. They tried to dig with the rib which he had brought, but it broke. “Get something else,” he heard him say. He went again and brought the leg bone of a moose which has the two side bones and dew claws. That did not break and with it they soon dug the man out. Then he found it was the wolves who had done all this.

The wolves then gave him two arrows and directions for their use. “This arrow is female,” one of them said, “and this one is male. If when you hunt, a cow moose runs away into the brush, you must shoot this female arrow toward the place. But if a bull moose runs into the brush, shoot in that direction with the male arrow. When you have killed a moose, take the intestines and tie them back and forth on a tree. Then you must tell one of the girls that you have left a rope with which she shall carry the moose. If her rope breaks and she begins to curse we will attend to her should we hear her saying, ‘mean wolf’.”

Then the man went on, following the tracks of the women. When he came close to them, he began to hunt. Seeing where a cow moose had run into the brush, he shot the female arrow. Where a bull moose had run in, he shot the male arrow. He found that each of his arrows had killed a moose. He then went where the people had camped and said to the two girls, “Go and get the moose I have killed.” To one of the girls whose name was Weasel-vermin he said, “You need not take a rope with you, for I have left one for you.” He told the other girl called Mice-vermin, to take a rope. The girls started for the moose, the man following along with them. When they came near the place where the moose were lying, he said to Weasel-vermin, “You get the one that is over there.” He found that each of the girls was accustomed to carry an entire moose on her back at one time. Weasel-vermin found that he meant the intestines when he told her that he left a rope hanging in the tree for her. When she attempted to carry the moose whole with it, the rope began to break. She began to curse and finally said, “mean wolf.” Immediately, he heard her running in a circle and shouting. When he came to the place, he found only some human hair lying there, and the marks on the snow where the body had been dragged away. He ran immediately to the other girl and pulled her clothes off. Mice ran under the snow. He found that she was a mouse and the other girl a weasel. After that, she became a person and married the man. The man lived there with his mother-in-law.

He remained there for considerable time. He killed many moose but did not know what became of the skins of the moose which he killed. His mother-in-law had dressed just one of them. After a time, she said to him, “Your relatives are lonesome and I do not like that. There is a hole through the sky here ahead of us. Let us go there.” When they came to the place, she wrapped the man in the one moose hide she had dressed. He found that she had made rope of the other hides. With the rope she lowered the man. “When you feel yourself touching the ground,” she told him, “you must untie the rope and pull it several times.” After a time, he thought he felt the ground under him. He crawled out of the hide, pulled the rope repeatedly, and it disappeared toward the sky. When he looked about he was astonished to find that he was not yet on the ground but on the nest of the flying things which feed upon people. Human bones were lying about. A young one of the birds was sitting there. He took a liking to the man and said to him, “I usually eat people but you shall live. Sit here under my wings.” The bird was so large that a person could hide under it. Soon it spoke to him again, saying, “After a while, it will be dark as if it were night. It will be my mother coming. When it becomes light again, my father will come.” After a short time it grew dark, and the mother bird lit there. She said to the young one, “I smell a human odor coming from you.” “Oh, its the human remains lying there which you brought,” the young one told its mother. “No, it is not. It is the odor of a living person, which I smell coming from you,” the mother replied. When she had found the man, the young one said, “You shall not do anything to him, he will live. If you kill him you must kill me too.”

After a time it became light again and the father bird arrived. He said the same things to the young one and received the same replies. On account of that the man was allowed to live. When they had both gone off again, the young one said to the man, “I am going to put my wings on you. You shall fly across.” The man found that the nest was on an island and that there were rapids on either side in the large stream flowing there. The bird put the wings on the man saying to him, “Fly around here until you are sure you can fly across.” The man flew about the nest a little way until he felt certain he could fly across the stream. “Do not put my wings right on the ground, lean them against a tree,” the young bird told him. “On your way home, do not travel at night. Even if you think you have not far to go, lie down wherever night overtakes you.”

Then the man flew across from the nest, took off the wings, and leaned them against a tree. From there he started toward the place where his relatives used to live. He came where a beaver had his house and commenced to dig it out. After a time, it became dark without his knowing it. “The house is not far away. I will not sleep here since it is so close by,” he said to himself and started on although it was dark. As he walked along, he carried his spear with which he had been chiseling for the beaver. Suddenly, he felt himself being taken up into the air without visible cause. He found that Hotelbale, the bird monster, had taken him away. When he had been carried a long distance, above a high rock he was thrown down upon it. Catching the top of the rock with the spear, he jumped over it and saved himself. Again, he was caught and carried away. When he was thrown again upon a sharp rock, he placed the end of his spear against it and jumped over it. He found that this rock was covered on both sides with dried human blood where the people had been killed. He was carried, still alive, to the young bird. When the young one saw him it said, “This is my grandchild, that I love. This is the one I said you must not kill. If you kill it, you must kill me too.” For that reason he was not killed. “You shall remain here,” the young one said to him, and he lived there with him.

When he had been there some little time, he began to think how he might kill them. They slept only in the daytime. He placed a quantity of hay and small brush on the tree under the nest. When there was much of it there, the old one said, “Grandson, why are you doing that?” “Oh, I am playing with it,” he replied. After some time he spoke to the old bird, “Grandfather, let me have your firedrill. I want to play with it.” He addressed Hotelbale, as grandfather. He was given the firedrill. Then when they were asleep, during the day, he set the brush and hay on fire and burned the nest with them in it. They lay with their wings all burned. Taking a club he struck the old birds on the crowns of their heads and killed them, but he let the young one live, rubbing the burned portions of its wings away. He said to it, “If you had been the only one, I would not have done it; but your parents have killed many of my relatives.”

After that, there were no such monsters but the young one was still alive. Someone has recently heard from the west that it has grown again.

A man who has knowledge of magic does not get killed.


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The adventures of a mouse

A mouse, weary from traveling along the ocean shore, swims for ten days and nights before finding a piece of floating bark to rest upon. After drifting asleep, he awakens to find himself near a house where two girls are playing. The mouse sneaks into their cache, steals dried whitefish and oil, but as he carries his loot along the bank, he slips, and the falling fish fatally crush him.

Source: 
Ten’a Texts and Tales
(from Anvik, Alaska)
by John W. Chapman
The American Ethnological Society
Publications, Volume 6 (ed. Franz Boas)
E.J. Brill, Leyden, 1914


► Themes of the story

Quest: The mouse embarks on a journey across the ocean, facing challenges and seeking sustenance, embodying the quest motif.

Conflict with Nature: The mouse’s struggle against the vast ocean and its search for survival depict a conflict with natural forces.

Tragic Flaw: The mouse’s overconfidence or lack of caution leads to its demise when it falls and is crushed by the dried fish, illustrating a fatal flaw.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Koyukon people


A mouse was going along on the shore of the ocean, and at last he became tired and swam in the ocean a night and a day, and at length he became exhausted. Ten days and nights (passed), and he saw a piece of bark floating on the water. He climbed up upon it, and went to sleep, and I know not how many days it was that he was asleep. And then he awoke. The bark was bumping against the shore with him. He looked up at the land, and saw a house above him. There were two girls playing, and he went ashore and went toward them. Now, they were making a little house, and suddenly he ran out in the shape of a Mouse. Those girls caught sight of him; and one girl seized a stick and struck at him, but she missed him; and he hid, and ran toward the house.

► Continue reading…

And he looked and saw a cache, and climbed up upon the ladder (a notched stick), and went in and got some dried whitefish and oil, and came down, and carried them away from the house, and took them to the bank. He kept going along the bank, and missed his footing and fell down; and the dried fish fell on him, and he died.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page