The Nurse

Idé, a samurai, entrusts his son Fugiwaka with his clan’s sacred sword, emphasizing its significance as their treasure and trust. After Idé’s death, Fugiwaka is cast out by his jealous stepmother, Lady Sadako. His loyal nurse, O Matsu, sacrifices herself to safeguard the sword. Her spirit delivers it to Fugiwaka, reaffirming his duty to honor and protect the legacy of the House of Idé.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Sacrifice: O Matsu, the loyal nurse, sacrifices herself to protect the sacred sword and ensure Fugiwaka’s legacy.

Divine Intervention: After her death, O Matsu’s spirit intervenes to deliver the sword to Fugiwaka, guiding him to honor his family’s heritage.

Sacred Objects: The sword symbolizes the clan’s honor and trust, serving as a central element around which the story revolves.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


Idé the samurai was wedded to a fair wife and had an only child, a boy called Fugiwaka. Idé was a mighty man of war, and as often as not he was away from home upon the business of his liege lord. So the child Fugiwaka was reared by his mother and by the faithful woman, his nurse. Matsu was her name, which is, in the speech of the country, the Pine Tree. And even as the pine tree, strong and evergreen, was she, unchanging and enduring. In the house of Idé there was a very precious sword. Aforetime a hero of Idé’s clan slew eight-and-forty of his enemies with this sword in one battle. The sword was Idé’s most sacred treasure. He kept it laid away in a safe place with his household gods.

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Morning and evening the child Fugiwaka came to make salutations before the household gods, and to reverence the glorious memory of his ancestors. And Matsu, the nurse, knelt by his side.

Morning and evening, “Show me the sword, O Matsu, my nurse,” said Fugiwaka.

And O Matsu made answer, “Of a surety, my lord, I will show it to you.”

Then she brought the sword from its place, wrapped in a covering of red and gold brocade. And she drew off the covering and she took the sword from its golden sheath and displayed the bright steel to Fugiwaka. And the child made obeisance till his forehead touched the mats.

At bedtime O Matsu sang songs and lullabies. She sang this song:

“Sleep, my little child, sweetly sleep–
Would you know the secret,
The secret of the hare o Nennin Yama?
Sleep, my little child, sweetly sleep–
You shall know the secret.
Oh, the august hare of Nennin Yama,
How augustly long are his ears!
Why should this be, oh, best beloved?
You shall know the secret.
His mother ate the bamboo seed.
Hush! Hush!
His mother ate the loquat seed.
Hush! Hush!
Sleep, my little child, sweetly sleep–
Now you know the secret.”

Then O Matsu said, “Will you sleep now, my lord Fugiwaka?”

And the child answered, “I will sleep now, O Matsu.”

“Listen, my lord,” she said, “and, sleeping or waking, remember. The sword is your treasure. The sword is your trust. The sword is your fortune. Cherish it, guard it, keep it.”

“Sleeping or waking, I will remember,” said Fugiwaka.

Now in an evil day the mother of Fugiwaka fell sick and died. And there was mourning in the house of Idé. Howbeit, when years were past, the samurai took another bride, and he had a son by her and called him Goro. And after this Idé himself was slain in an ambush, and his retainers brought his body home and laid him with his fathers.

Fugiwaka was chief of the House of Idé. But the Lady Sadako, his stepmother, was ill-pleased. Black mischief stirred in her heart; she bent her brows and she brooded as she went her ways, bearing her babe in her arms. At night she tossed upon her bed.

“My child is a beggar,” she said. “Fugiwaka is chief of the House of Idé. Evil fortune betide him! It is too much,” said the proud lady. “I will not brook it; my child a beggar! I would rather strangle him with my hands….” Thus she spoke and tossed upon her bed, thinking of a plan.

When Fugiwaka was fifteen years old she turned him out of the house with a poor garment upon his back, barefooted, with never a bite nor a sup nor a gold piece to see him on his way.

“Ah, lady mother,” he said, “you use me ill. Why do you take my birthright?”

“I know nought of birthrights,” she said. “Go, make your own fortune if you can. Your brother Goro is chief of the House of Idé.”

With that she bade them shut the door in his face.

Fugiwaka departed sorrowfully, and at the cross-roads O Matsu, his nurse, met him. She had made herself ready for a journey: her robe was kilted, she had a staff in her hand and sandals on her feet.

“My lord,” she said, “I am come to follow you to the world’s end.”

Then Fugiwaka wept and laid his head upon the woman’s breast.

“Ah,” he said, “my nurse, my nurse! And,” he said, “what of my father’s sword? I have lost the precious sword of Idé. The sword is my treasure, the sword is my trust, the sword is my fortune. I am bound to cherish it, to guard it, to keep it. But now I have lost it. Woe is me! I am undone, and so is all the House of Idé!”

“Oh, say not so, my lord,” said O Matsu. “Here is gold; go you your way and I will return and guard the sword of Idé.”

So Fugiwaka went his way with the gold that his nurse gave him.

As for O Matsu, she went straightway and took the sword from its place where it lay with the household gods, and she buried it deep in the ground until such time as she might bear it in safety to her young lord.

But soon the Lady Sadako became aware that the sacred sword was gone.

“It is the nurse!” she cried. “The nurse has stolen it…. Some of you bring her to me.”

Then the Lady Sadako’s people laid their hands roughly upon O Matsu and brought her before their mistress. But for all they could do O Matsu’s lips were sealed. She spoke never a word, neither could the Lady Sadako find out where the sword was. She pressed her thin lips together.

“The woman is obstinate,” she said. “No matter; for such a fault I know the sovereign cure.”

So she locked O Matsu in a dark dungeon and gave her neither food nor drink. Every day the Lady Sadako went to the door of the dark dungeon.

“Well,” she said, “where is the sword of Idé? Will you say?”

But O Matsu answered not a word.

Howbeit she wept and sighed to herself in the darkness–“Alas! Alas! never alive may I come to my young lord. Yet he must have the sword of Idé, and I shall find a way.”

Now after seven days the Lady Sadako sat in the garden-house to cool herself, for it was summer. The time was evening. Presently she saw a woman that came towards her through the garden flowers and trees. Frail and slender was the woman; as she came her body swayed and her slow steps faltered.

“Why, this is strange!” said the Lady Sadako. “Here is O Matsu, that was locked in the dark dungeon.” And she sat still, watching.

But O Matsu went to the place where she had buried the sword and scratched at the ground with her fingers. There she was, weeping and moaning and dragging at the earth. The stones cut her hands and they bled. Still she tore away the earth and found the sword at last. It was in its wrapping of gold and scarlet, and she clasped it to her bosom with a loud cry.

“Woman, I have you now,” shrieked the Lady Sadako, “and the sword of Idé as well!” And she leaped from the garden-house and ran at full speed. She stretched forth her hand to catch O Matsu by the sleeve, but did not have her or the sword either, for both of them were gone in a flash, and the lady beat the empty air. Swiftly she sped to the dark dungeon, and as she went she called her people to bring torches. There lay the body of poor O Matsu, cold and dead upon the dungeon floor.

“Send me the Wise Woman,” said the Lady Sadako.

So they sent for the Wise Woman. And the Lady Sadako asked, “How long has she been dead?”

The Wise Woman said, “She was starved to death; she has been dead two days. It were well you gave her fit burial; she was a good soul.”

As for the sword of Idé, it was not found.

Fugiwaka tossed to and fro upon his lowly bed in a wayside tavern. And it seemed to him that his nurse came to him and knelt by his side. Then he was soothed.

O Matsu said, “Will you sleep now, my lord Fugiwaka?”

And he answered, “I will sleep now, O Matsu.”

“Listen, my lord,” she said, “and, sleeping or waking, remember. The sword is your treasure. The sword is your trust. The sword is your fortune. Cherish it, guard it, keep it.”

The sword was in its wrapping of gold and scarlet, and she laid it by Fugiwaka’s side. The boy turned over to sleep, and his hand clasped the sword of Idé.

“Waking or sleeping,” he said, “I will remember.”


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The Fire Quest

The Wise Poet watches moths, cockchafers, and dragonflies perish in the flame of his taper, lamenting their futile pursuit of light. He recounts the tale of the Firefly Queen, who deceived her suitors by sending them on a hopeless quest for fire, laughing all the while. Ignoring his warnings, the insects persist, and the Poet extinguishes his light, choosing darkness to save them.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Quest: The insects embark on a perilous journey to obtain fire, driven by their desire to win the Firefly Queen’s favor.

Sacrifice: The moths, cockchafers, and dragonflies sacrifice their lives in pursuit of the unattainable fire, highlighting the fatal consequences of their devotion.

Illusion vs. Reality: The insects are lured by the illusion of gaining the Firefly Queen’s love, failing to perceive the deadly reality of their quest.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


The Wise Poet sat reading by the light of his taper. It was a night of the seventh month. The cicala sang in the flower of the pomegranate, the frog sang by the pond. The moon was out and all the stars, the air was heavy and sweet-scented. But the Poet was not happy, for moths came by the score to the light of his taper; not moths only, but cockchafers and dragon-flies with their wings rainbow-tinted. One and all they came upon the Fire Quest; one and all they burned their bright wings in the flame and so died. And the Poet was grieved.

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“Little harmless children of the night,” he said, “why will you still fly upon the Fire Quest? Never, never can you attain, yet you strive and die. Foolish ones, have you never heard the story of the Firefly Queen?”

The moths and the cockchafers and the dragon-flies fluttered about the taper and paid him no heed.

“They have never heard it,” said the Poet; “yet it is old enough. Listen:

“The Firefly Queen was the brightest and most beautiful of small things that fly. She dwelt in the heart of a rosy lotus. The lotus grew on a still lake, and it swayed to and fro upon the lake’s bosom while the Firefly Queen slept within. It was like the reflection of a star in the water.

“You must know, oh, little children of the night, that the Firefly Queen had many suitors. Moths and cockchafers and dragon-flies innumerable flew to the lotus on the lake. And their hearts were filled with passionate love. ‘Have pity, have pity,’ they cried, ‘Queen of the Fireflies, Bright Light of the Lake.’ But the Firefly Queen sat and smiled and shone. It seemed that she was not sensible of the incense of love that arose about her.

“At last she said, ‘Oh, you lovers, one and all, what make you here idly, cumbering my lotus house? Prove your love, if you love me indeed. Go, you lovers, and bring me fire, and then I will answer.’

“Then, oh, little children of the night, there was a swift whirr of wings, for the moths and the cockchafers and the dragon-flies innumerable swiftly departed upon the Fire Quest. But the Firefly Queen laughed. Afterwards I will tell you the reason of her laughter.

“So the lovers flew here and there in the still night, taking with them their desire. They found lighted lattices ajar and entered forthwith. In one chamber there was a girl who took a love-letter from her pillow and read it in tears, by the light of a taper. In another a woman sat holding the light close to a mirror, where she looked and painted her face. A great white moth put out the trembling candle-flame with his wings.

“‘Alack! I am afraid,’ shrieked the woman; ‘the horrible dark!’

“In another place there lay a man dying. He said, ‘For pity’s sake light me the lamp, for the black night falls.’

“‘We have lighted it,’ they said, ‘long since. It is close beside you, and a legion of moths and dragon-flies flutter about it.’

“‘I cannot see anything at all,’ murmured the man.

“But those that flew on the Fire Quest burnt their frail wings in the fire. In the morning they lay dead by the hundred and were swept away and forgotten.

“The Firefly Queen was safe in her lotus bower with her beloved, who was as bright as she, for he was a great lord of the Fireflies. No need had he to go upon the Fire Quest. He carried the living flame beneath his wings.

“Thus the Firefly Queen deceived her lovers, and therefore she laughed when she sent them from her on a vain adventure.”

* * * * *

“Be not deceived,” cried the Wise Poet, “oh, little children of the night. The Firefly Queen is always the same. Give over the Fire Quest.”

But the moths and the cockchafers and the dragon-flies paid no heed to the words of the Wise Poet. Still they fluttered about his taper, and they burnt their bright wings in the flame and so died.

Presently the Poet blew out the light. “I must needs sit in the dark,” he said; “it is the only way.”


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The Maiden of Unai

The Maiden of Unai, hidden for years to avert a tragic prophecy, grew into unparalleled beauty. Despite her seclusion, two noble warriors—one from near, the other from afar—sought her love. To end their strife, she sacrificed herself, leaping into a river. The warriors followed, drowning alongside her. Together in death, their story became one of beauty, love, and sorrow that reached even the heavens.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Prophecy and Fate: The narrative is driven by a soothsayer’s prophecy foretelling the maiden’s beauty and the tragic events it will incite, highlighting the inescapable nature of destiny.

Sacrifice: To end the strife between her suitors and prevent further discord, the maiden sacrifices herself by leaping into a river, an act of selflessness aimed at restoring peace.

Tragic Love: The love triangle culminates in sorrow, with all three characters meeting their demise, underscoring the devastating consequences of unfulfilled love and rivalry.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


The Maiden of Unai was fair as an earthly deity, but the eyes of man might not behold her. She dwelt in a hidden place in her father’s house, and of what cheer she made the live-long day not a soul could tell, but her father who kept watch, and her mother who kept ward, and her ancient nurse who tended her. The cause was this.

When the maid was about seven years old, with her black hair loose and hanging to her shoulder, an ancient man, a traveller, came, footsore and weary, to her father’s house.

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He was made welcome, served with rice and with tea, whilst the master of the house sat by, and the mistress, to do him honour. Meanwhile the little maid was here and there, catching at her mother’s sleeve, pattering with bare feet over the mats, or bouncing a great green and scarlet ball in a corner. And the stranger lifted his eyes and marked the child.

After he had eaten, he called for a bowl of clear water, and taking from his wallet a handful of fine silver sand he let it slip through his fingers and it sank to the bottom of the bowl. In a little he spoke.

“My lord,” he said to the master of the house, “I was hungry and weary, and you have fed me and refreshed me. I am a poor man and it is hard for me to show my gratitude. Now I am a soothsayer by profession, very far-famed for the skill of my divination. Therefore, in return for your kindness I have looked into the future of your child. Will you hear her destiny?”

The child knelt in a corner of the room bouncing her green and scarlet ball.

The master of the house bade the soothsayer speak on.

This one looked down into the bowl of water where the sand was, and said: “The Maiden of Unai shall grow up fairer than the children of men. Her beauty shall shine as the beauty of an earthly deity. Every man who looks upon her shall pine with love and longing, and when she is fifteen years old there shall die for her sake a mighty hero from near, and a valiant hero from afar. And there shall be sorrow and mourning because of her, loud and grievous, so that the sound of it shall reach High Heaven and offend the peace of the gods.”

The master of the house said, “Is this a true divination?”

“Indeed, my lord,” said the soothsayer, “it is too true.” And with that he bound on his sandals, and taking his staff and his great hat of rice-straw, he spoke no other word, but went his ways; neither was he any more seen nor heard tell of upon that country-side.

And the child knelt in a corner of the room, bouncing her green and scarlet ball.

The father and mother took counsel.

The mother wept, but she said, “Let be, for who can alter the pattern set up upon the looms of the weaving women of Heaven?” But the father cried, “I will fight. I will avert the portent; the thing shall not come to pass. Who am I that I should give credence to a dog of a soothsayer who lies in his teeth?” And though his wife shook her head and moaned, he gave her counsel no heed, for he was a man.

So they hid the child in a secret chamber, where an old wise woman tended her, fed her, bathed her, combed her hair, taught her to make songs and to sing, to dance so that her feet moved like rosy butterflies over the white mats, or to sit at a frame with a wonder of needlework stretched upon it, drawing the needle and the silken thread hour after hour.

For eight years the maid set eyes upon no human being save her father, her mother, and her nurse, these three only. All the day she spent in her distant chamber, far removed from the sights and the sounds of the world. Only in the night she came forth into her father’s garden, when the moon shone and the birds slept and the flowers had no colour. And with every season that passed the maid grew more beautiful. Her hair hung down to her knees and was black as a thundercloud. Her forehead was the plum blossom, her cheek the wild cherry, and her mouth the flower of the pomegranate. At fifteen years old she was the loveliest thing that ever saw the light, and the sun was sick with jealousy because only the moon might shine upon her.

In spite of all, the fame of her beauty became known, and because she was kept so guarded men thought of her the more, and because she might not be seen men longed to behold her. And because of the mystery and the maiden, gallants and warriors and men of note came from far and near and flocked to the house of Unai; and they made a hedge about it with themselves and their bright swords; and they swore that they would not leave the place till they had sight of the maid, and this they would have either by favour or by force.

Then the master of the house did even as he must, and he sent her mother to bring the maid down. So the mother went, taking with her a robe of grey silk and a great girdle of brocade, green and gold; and she found the maid, her daughter, sitting in her secret chamber singing.

The maid sang thus:

“Nothing has changed since the time of the gods,
Neither the running of water nor the way of love.”

And the mother was astonished and said, “What manner of song is this, and where heard you of such a thing as love?”

And she answered, “I have read of it in a book.”

Then they took her, her mother and the wise woman, and they tied her hair and pinned it high upon her head with gold and coral pins, and held it with a great lacquer comb. She said, “How heavy it is!”

While they dressed her in the robe of grey silk, and tied the girdle of brocade, first she shuddered and said, “I am cold.” Then they would have thrown over her a mantle broidered with plum blossom and pine, but she would have none of it, saying, “No, no, I burn.”

They painted her lips with beni, and when she saw it she murmured, “Alack, there is blood upon my lips!” But they led her down and out on to a balcony, where the men who were assembled might see her. She was fairer than the children of men, and her beauty shone like the beauty of an earthly deity. And all the warriors who were there looked upon her and were silent, for already they were faint with love and longing. And the maid stood with eyes cast down, and slowly the hot blush rose to her cheek and she was lovelier than before.

Three or four score men of name sought her hand, being distraught for love of her, and amongst them were two braver and nobler than the rest. The one came from afar and was the champion of Chinu, and the other came from near, the champion of Unai. They were young, strong, and black-haired. They were equal in years, in strength, and in valour. Both were girded with great swords, and full-charged quivers were upon their backs, and six-foot bows of white wood were in their hands. Together they stood beneath the balcony of the maiden of Unai, like twin brothers in beauty and attainments. Together they cried aloud with passionate voices, telling of their eternal love, and bidding the maiden choose between them.

She lifted up her eyes and looked fixedly upon them, but spoke no word.

Then they drew their swords and made as if to fight the matter out there and then; but the maid’s father spoke: “Put up your swords, fair sirs; I have devised a better way for the decision of this thing. If it please you, enter my house.”

Now part of the house of Unai was built out upon a platform over the river that flowed past. It was the fifth month and the wistaria was in blossom upon the trellis, and hung downwards nearly into the water. The river was swift and deep. Here the master of the house brought the champions, and the maiden was there also. But the mother and the wise woman stood a little way apart, and hid their faces in their long sleeves. Presently a white water-bird dropped from the blue sky, and rocked to and fro upon the water of the river.

“Now, champions,” cried the father of the maiden, “draw me your bows and let fly each of you an arrow at yonder white bird that floats upon the river. He that shall strike the bird and prove himself to be the better marksman, he shall wed my daughter, the peerless Maiden of Unai.”

Then immediately the two champions drew their bows of white wood and let fly each of them an arrow. Each arrow sped swift; each arrow struck true. The champion of Chinu struck the water-bird in the head, but the champion of Unai struck her in the tail so that the white feathers were scattered. Then the champions cried, “Enough of this trifling. There is but one way.” And again their bright swords leapt from their scabbards.

But the maid stood trembling, holding the gnarled stem of the wistaria in her hands. She trembled and shook the branches so that the frail flowers fell about her. “My lords, my lords,” she cried, “oh, brave and beautiful heroes of fame, it is not meet that one of you should die for such as I am. I honour you; I love you both–therefore farewell.” With that, still holding to the wistaria, she swung herself clear of the balcony and dropped into the deep and swift-flowing river. “Weep not,” she cried, “for no woman dies to-day. It is but a child that is lost.” And so she sank.

Down sprang the champion of Chinu into the flood, and in the same instant down sprang the champion of Unai. Alack, they were heavy with the arms that they bore, and they sank and were entangled in the long water weeds. And so the three of them were drowned.

But at night when the moon shone, the pale dead rose, floating to the surface of the water. The champion of Unai held the maiden’s right hand in his own, but the champion of Chinu lay with his head against the maiden’s heart, bound close to her by a tress of her long hair; and as he lay he smiled.

The three corpses they lifted from the water, and laid them together upon a bier of fair white wood, and over them they strewed herbs and sweet flowers, and laid a veil over their faces of fine white silk. And they lighted fires and burned incense. Gallants and warriors and men of note who loved the maiden, alive or dead, stood about her bier and made a hedge with themselves and their bright swords. And there was sorrow and mourning, loud and grievous, so that the sound of it reached High Heaven and offended the peace of the gods.

A grave was dug wide and deep, and the three were buried therein. The maid they laid in the middle, and the two champions upon either side. Idzumo was the native place of the champion of Chinu, so they brought earth from thence in a junk, and with this earth they covered him.

So the maid slept there in the grave, the champions faithfully guarding her, for they had buried with them their bows of white wood and their good armour and their spears and their bright swords. Nothing was forgotten that is needful for adventure in the Land of Yomi.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Good Thunder

Rai-den, the Thunder God, sends his son Rai-Taro to live among men. Choosing a poor, childless peasant, Rai-Taro brings rain, prosperity, and joy to his foster parents. As he matures, Rai-Taro must return to his heavenly father, leaving behind the lessons of labor, suffering, and love. Transformed into a white cloud, he reunites with Rai-den, while his foster parents await their reunion in eternity.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Transformation: Rai-Taro undergoes a transformation from a divine being to a human child, experiencing human emotions and labor, and eventually returns to his divine form as a white cloud.

Sacrifice: Rai-Taro sacrifices his celestial existence to live a humble life on earth, aiding the peasant couple and bringing them joy and prosperity.

Harmony with Nature: Rai-Taro’s presence brings beneficial rain, leading to bountiful harvests and illustrating a harmonious relationship between divine forces and the natural world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


Folks say that Rai-den, the Thunder, is an unloving spirit, fearful and revengeful, cruel to man. These are folks who are mortally afraid of the storm, and who hate lightning and tempest; they speak all the evil they can of Rai-den and of Rai-Taro, his son. But they are wrong.

Rai-den Sama lived in a Castle of Cloud set high in the blue heaven. He was a great and mighty god, a Lord of the Elements. Rai-Taro was his one and only son, a brave boy, and his father loved him.

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In the cool of the evening Rai-den and Rai-Taro walked upon the ramparts of the Castle of Cloud, and from the ramparts they viewed the doings of men upon the Land of Reed Plains. North and South and East and West they looked. Often they laughed–oh, very often; sometimes they sighed. Sometimes Rai-Taro leaned far over the castle walls to see the children that went to and fro upon earth.

One night Rai-den Sama said to Rai-Taro, “Child, look well this night upon the doings of men!”

Rai-Taro answered, “Father, I will look well.”

From the northern rampart they looked, and saw great lords and men-at-arms going forth to battle. From the southern rampart they looked, and saw priests and acolytes serving in a holy temple where the air was dim with incense, and images of gold and bronze gleamed in the twilight. From the eastern rampart they looked, and saw a lady’s bower, where was a fair princess, and a troop of maidens, clad in rose colour, that made music for her. There were children there, too, playing with a little cart of flowers.

“Ah, the pretty children!” said Rai-Taro.

From the western rampart they looked, and saw a peasant toiling in a rice-field. He was weary enough and his back ached. His wife toiled with him by his side. If he was weary, it is easy to believe that she was more weary still. They were very poor and their garments were ragged.

“Have they no children?” said Rai-Taro. Rai-den shook his head.

Presently, “Have you looked well, Rai-Taro?” he said. “Have you looked well this night upon the doings of men?”

“Father,” said Rai-Taro, “indeed, I have looked well.”

“Then choose, my son, choose, for I send you to take up your habitation upon the earth.”

“Must I go among men?” said Rai-Taro.

“My child, you must.”

“I will not go with the men-at-arms,” said Rai-Taro; “fighting likes me very ill.”

“Oho, say you so, my son? Will you go, then, to the fair lady’s bower?”

“No,” said Rai-Taro, “I am a man. Neither will I have my head shaved to go and live with priests.”

“What, then, do you choose the poor peasant? You will have a hard life and scanty fare, Rai-Taro.”

Rai-Taro said, “They have no children. Perhaps they will love me.”

“Go, go in peace,” said Rai-den Sama; “for you have chosen wisely.”

“How shall I go, my father?” said Rai-Taro.

“Honourably,” said his father, “as it befits a Prince of High Heaven.”

Now the poor peasant man toiled in his rice-field, which was at the foot of the mountain Hakusan, in the province of Ichizen. Day after day and week after week the bright sun shone. The rice-field was dry, and young rice was burnt up.

“Alack and alas!” cried the poor peasant man, “and what shall I do if my rice-crop fails? May the dear gods have mercy on all poor people!”

With that he sat himself down on a stone at the rice-field’s edge and fell asleep for very weariness and sorrow.

When he woke the sky was black with clouds. It was but noonday, but it grew as dark as night. The leaves of the trees shuddered together and the birds ceased their singing.

“A storm, a storm!” cried the peasant. “Rai-den Sama goes abroad upon his black horse, beating the great drum of the Thunder. We shall have rain in plenty, thanks be.”

Rain in plenty he had, sure enough, for it fell in torrents, with blinding lightning and roaring thunder.

“Oh, Rai-den Sama,” said the peasant, “saving your greatness, this is even more than sufficient.”

At this the bright lightning flashed anew and fell to the earth in a ball of living fire, and the heavens cracked with a mighty peal of thunder.

“Ai! Ai!” cried the poor peasant man. “Kwannon have mercy on a sinful soul, for now the Thunder Dragon has me indeed.” And he lay on the ground and hid his face.

Howbeit the Thunder Dragon spared him. And soon he sat up and rubbed his eyes. The ball of fire was gone, but a babe lay upon the wet earth; a fine fresh boy with the rain upon his cheeks and his hair.

“Oh, Lady, Lady Kwannon,” said the poor peasant man, “this is thy sweet mercy.” And he took the boy in his arms and carried him to his own home.

As he went the rain still fell, but the sun came out in the blue sky, and every flower in the cooler air shone and lifted up its grateful head.

The peasant came to his cottage door.

“Wife, wife,” he called, “I have brought you something home.”

“What may it be?” said his wife.

The man answered, “Rai-Taro, the little eldest son of the Thunder.”

Rai-Taro grew up straight and strong, the tallest, gayest boy of all that country-side. He was the delight of his foster-parents, and all the neighbours loved him. When he was ten years old he worked in the rice-fields like a man. He was the wonderful weather prophet.

“My father,” he said, “let us do this and that, for we shall have fair weather”; or he said, “My father, let us the rather do this or that, for to-night there will be a storm,” and whatever he had said, so, sure enough, it came to pass. And he brought great good fortune to the poor peasant man, and all his works prospered.

When Rai-Taro was eighteen years old all the neighbours were bidden to his birthday feast. There was plenty of good saké, and the good folk were merry enough; only Rai-Taro was silent and sad and sorry.

“What ails you, Rai-Taro?” said his foster-mother. “You who are wont to be the gayest of the gay, why are you silent, sad and sorry?”

“It is because I must leave you,” Rai-Taro said.

“Nay,” said his foster-mother, “never leave us, Rai-Taro, my son. Why would you leave us?”

“Mother, because I must,” said Rai-Taro in tears.

“You have been our great good fortune; you have given us all things. What have I given you? What have I given you, Rai-Taro, my son?”

Rai-Taro answered, “Three things have you taught me–to labour, to suffer, and to love. I am more learned than the Immortals.”

Then he went from them. And in the likeness of a white cloud he scaled heaven’s blue height till he gained his father’s castle. And Rai-den received him. The two of them stood upon the western rampart of the Castle of Cloud and looked down to earth.

The foster-mother stood weeping bitterly, but her husband took her hand.

“My dear,” he said, “it will not be for long. We grow old apace.”


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The Story of Matandua

A fierce Tongan king, ruthless in war, took Talingo, a captive girl, by force. Fleeing with her child, Talingo sacrificed herself to save him, drifting to Ono, where locals raised the boy, Matandua. Growing strong, he overcame hatred, slew a giant, and saved his people. Guided by his mother’s spirit, Matandua ruled wisely and bravely, uniting Tonga and dying peacefully, loved and revered.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Quest: Matandua embarks on a journey to confront and defeat the giant, a venture that tests his courage and determination.

Sacrifice: Talingo’s selfless act of leaping into the sea to save her child exemplifies profound sacrifice for the well-being of her offspring.

Supernatural Beings: The presence of the giant introduces an element of the supernatural, representing challenges beyond the ordinary human realm.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by Roko Sokotukevei
“Lord Whither-is-he-Sailing”

There was once a king in Tonga, a man fierce and savage of soul, whose delight was in war, so that he was greatly feared among all the islands, but loved by none — not even by the women of his house, who were many, for he never took to himself wives according to the custom of the land; but if any man whom he slew had a fair daughter, her he took by force, killing the ugly ones. Moreover, he would drag away the wives or daughters of other men, fearing nothing; for he was a mighty chief, with many followers; all the boldest of the young men going with him whithersoever he went, smiting his enemies. So it fell upon a day when he was sailing over the waters in his large double canoe, that a black cloud rose quickly up into the sky, and out of this cloud there rushed forth a blast, sudden and fierce, which smote his canoe, and tore the sail away from the yards, whirling it far off across the waters, and then there was a great calm.

► Continue reading…

“That was a sharp tooth of wind,” said the chief Happy are we that we live. But our sail is gone. Take, therefore, your paddles, my men, and let us get back to the land.”

So they lowered the mast and began to scull; but very slowly did they move, for the canoe was large and heavy-laden, also being full of people; and, when the night came over the waters, they had made but little way. All night they sculled, till they were faint and weary; nevertheless, when the morning broke, the land was still far away; so the men’s souls were small because of the evil case in which they were. “We are hungry and faint,” said they. “We can scull no more.”

And lifting up the paddles out of the deckholes, they sat down in silence, while the canoe drifted slowly before the swell.

“We must eat,” said the chief. “What food have we on board?”

“There is none, my lord,” answered one of the young men. “The last of the yams were cooked yesterday, before the squall struck us.”

“We must eat,” said the chief once more; “no man can work without eating. Go now and see if there be any banana stalks left on the weather half of the canoe.”

Now you must know that there is a hidden meaning to this saying. It is on the thama, or weather half of a double canoe, that the women sit when sailing, for it is unlawful i for them to sit upon the leeward half or kata. Wherefore when the chief said, “Go, now, and see if there be any banana stalks left on the weather half or thama, his meaning was, “Kill one of the women that we may eat.”

So the young man took his club, and looking around among the women, who sat crouching down in great dread (for they had heard the words of the chief), he singled out Talingo — the Forgotten one — the daughter of Takape, and beckoning to her with his club, he said: “Come, Talingo; the chief is calling you.”

So the girl rose, holding her baby tight to her breast and came slowly towards the stern, where the chief was sitting. But just as the club was raised to strike, with a shrill and sudden cry she leaped into the sea, diving down with her child far below the waters.

“My spear! my spear!” shouted the chief. “Give me a spear. Ha! This is the hook that will catch that fish.” And, with a savage laugh, he shook the weapon, as he stood, with his left foot drawn forward, gazing eagerly upon the water, where he expected her to rise.

But she dived below the canoe, and coming up again between the leeward and the weather portions of the canoe she stayed there silently, holding on by the cross-pieces below the deck, so that, after a long while, they said: “The sharks have eaten her and the child. They will rise no more.”

But Talingo hid herself till it was dark. And from her hiding-place she heard the crack of the club, and the death-shriek, and the talk of the crew as they made ready the victim. For when the young man, even Faha, asked the chief, saying: “Whom now shall I take, for the sharks have devoured the girl, and we must eat,” His lord glared upon him in fierce anger.

“True,” cried he, “we must eat. And you — you shall be eaten. Why did you not strike her before she leaped?” And, with these words, he smote him through and through with the spear that he held in his hand. Then it was that Talingo heard the death-shriek, and the crash of the heavy club.

When it was dark she floated quietly away, dragging the steer-oar off the stern, where it lay idly, for the crew were all feasting, and, laying her child on its broad blade, she steadied it by the handle, and so drifted away into the darkness, she knew not whither.

Four days she drifted, weeping continually, but ever suckling her child, and fighting with the great seabirds which circled round them, often swooping fiercely down; and, in spite of all her care, one of them struck the child with its beak, tearing out one of his eyes. Four days they drifted over the waters; then, early on the fifth day, the waves cast them upon the reef at Ono, and Talingo, gathering her strength, dived through the breakers and swam across the lagoon, landing near Onolevu, where she crawled up the beach, and sank down at the foot of a palm, she and her child.

Now there dwelt in that town an old man called Tausere, with Senirewa his wife, and their house was empty, for they had no children. On this very morning they went together to the beach to drag their paddle-canoe into the water that they might go fishing, and down by the waterside the old man saw Talingo lying beneath the palm with her baby sleeping at her breast.

“Who is this?” cried he, stooping over her, and he wept as he looked upon the poor girl, for she was dead, and lay there still holding her child, which was sleeping peacefully.

“Oh, Senirewa! Oh, my wife! Here, now, is a piteous sight!” sobbed the old man, and his wife also wept with him.

“They are strangers,” said she. “They are Tonga folk. A Tonga canoe has been wrecked, and they have drifted hither. Alas, alas! She is young, and her face is fair. And the child! True are your words, husband; a piteous sight, indeed, is this. But come, now, let us dig a grave and bury them.”

These were her words; but as she made an end of speaking, and stood there with her husband, looking sadly through her tears upon the dead, suddenly the child opened his eyes and smiled in her face. Then did the woman’s heart burn within her, and with a joyous cry she sprang forward and snatched the child from its mother, hugging it to her breast, and laughing and crying by turns.

“Oh, my son, my son!” cried she. “My son you are; my true son shall you be, for the gods have sent you. Look, husband, look at our boy! We shall weep no more because of our empty house. The gods have taken pity upon us.” And having thus spoken, she wept aloud for joy.

So they buried Talingo on the beach, where she had lain down to die, after bringing her child safe to land; but the boy they carried with them to the town. And when the neighbours ran together, asking all manner! of questions — whence he came, and whose child he was — they answered always in the same words: “Our son, our true son, whom the gods have sent us over the sea” — this much and nothing more.

And the child lived and throve, growing up into a fine lad, quick of hand, swift of foot, and loving of heart, so that his foster-parents rejoiced more and more every day, thanking the gods for the gift which the sea had brought them; and they called his name Matandua, because one of his eyes was gone. But Talingo lay in her grave on the beach, with the waves rolling over her when the tide was high. And often, when the north wind blew by night, the men of Ono, trembling within their houses, heard a voice of bitter weeping on the shore; and when this doleful sound came floating through the air, the boy would start in his sleep and moan, while the tears ran down his cheeks.

Once the old woman took him by the hand and woke him, whereupon the lad started up in a fright, and the sound of the weeping ceased.

“Where, then, is the lady?” cried he, gazing around like one bewildered. “Where is the lady?”

“What lady, my son?” asked his foster-mother, trembling sorely.

“Oh, mother!” said the lad; “was it, then, only a dream? I saw her! I heard her weeping! Her tears fell down on my face like the rain! Look, mother, look, my cheek is still wet! It surely was not a dream!” And he brushed the tears away with his hand.

“The tears are your own, my son,” said she soothingly. “You were crying in your sleep, and therefore did I waken you. But who was the lady? You have been dreaming only, my child.”

“I saw her! I saw her!” cried the lad. “She was tall and noble, like a great lady. Her hair was not brown and curly like yours, but stiff and black, and her skin was fairer than yours. She was wet all over, as if she had been bathing, and she stood over me, crying and wringing her hands. Oh, my mother, tell me who was this lady; for it seems to me that I have seen her before, and my heart burns within me as I think of her sorrowful face.”

“How should I know, my son?” said the old woman; “how should I know? Many are the strange faces that we see in dreams. Lie down again, and sleep, my child. Let not your soul be troubled because of a dream.”

So the boy lay down again and slept; but when his foster-parents looked upon him, as he lay sleeping, they saw that the tears were still rolling down his cheeks.

“It was his mother,” whispered the old man. “It was his mother! His heart knew her. See, he is still weeping. Let us tell him all.”

“Hush!” said the old woman, in an angry whisper. “Hush! He must not know. Am not I his mother? Have I not nursed him and tended him day and night? Could his mother have done more for him? Could she have loved him better than I? And now you say, ‘Tell him all!’ Foolish are your words. Is she not dead? I am his mother, and he shall know none but me.”

So they held their peace: and though the sound of the weeping was often heard, yet never, after this night, did they waken the boy, when he moaned and wept in his sleep. And always, in the morning, he had forgotten his dreams; nor was the weeping ever heard when he was awake.

In the course of time he grew up to be a youth, tall and strong, and useful in the land. Gentle also, and kind was he to all, and very loving to his foster-parents, who were now old and feeble; so that they were well repaid for all their love to him; for they were alone in the land, all the rest of their tribe having perished long before, men, women, and children, in a great fight with the people of Doi; wherefore they would have been wretched indeed, if he had not been with them, for who, among all the other tribes in the town, would have cared for them?

But the young men hated him. They hated him because he would not go with them, nor would he help in their evil deeds.

“Go you,” he would say, “and do as you please, for you are free. You are many in your tribes, and your old folks have many to help them. But we are few. Our people have perished, and I only am left to care for those at home.”

They used, at first, to mock him. But he would only laugh, repeating his words, “Go you, and do as you please. As for me, I shall stay with my father and mother.”

They feared him also, for he was strong, and skilled in the weapons of war. And one day, when Yango-levu, the Big-bodied, the son of the Lord of Ono, wishing to vex him, struck Tausere, his father, on the head with a club, the One-eyed one sprang upon him with a fierce cry, and smote him to the earth with his fists. Then snatching up the club which had fallen to the ground, he whirled it round his head, and stood there, glaring savagely round upon all the young men, and they were many.

“Who will strike next?” he shouted; and his voice rang out clear and high over the land, so that all the townsfolk heard him, and came running down to the beach where he stood. “Here am I! Who will strike next? Hear my words, O Lord of Ono! Hear my words, ye chiefs! He struck my father, the greyhead, the old, the feeble one. Without a cause he struck him.”

“It is enough,” said the Lord of Ono, “lower your club, Matandua. Listen to me. Hear, now, my words, ye youths. Listen, all of you. Do you wish to die? Right is the thing that he has done. He, therefore, who hurts him, hurts me. He that will fight with him, must fight with me, I have spoken; I, the Lord of Ono.”

So they feared him greatly because of his strength and fierceness, and, moreover, because of the King’s words: and, fearing him, they hated him all the more; nor did they cease from plotting together how they might kill him. And, though they dared do nothing openly against him, yet did they many things secretly — they, and some of the chiefs who favoured them. The Lord of Ono was an old man, lazy and careless; and it was only when he was roused to anger that he would bestir himself. Thus when the work of the land was portioned out among the tribes, they gave a full share to the tribe of Tausere, even though his own little household was the only one therein. But thereby they did but gather disappointment and rage to themselves, for the One-eyed one’s task was always the first to be finished. If it were fish for a great feast, then the lad’s basket-snares were always full while theirs were empty; for Talingo helped him, driving the fish away from theirs into his. Or, if the order was that timber be felled, then the fire, which he kindled round his tree, would burn it through in a single night, because Talingo tended it, while it would be many days before their trees fell. Thus it was ever with all the tasks that were set; but, when the high-priest called the people together, and told them that a new temple, larger than any of the others, must be built for their gods, then Matandua’s enemies rejoiced exceedingly.

“Now we have him,” said they. “Here at last is a thing he cannot do.”

So the work was portioned out, and one whole end of the temple was given to Tausere as his share. Wherefore came he, weeping, into the house, where his wife was sitting with the lad, combing his hair, and anointing him with sweet-smelling oil; and weeping, he told them the news.

“What!” screamed the old woman. “A whole end! Do they think we are gods? Where shall we find the sinnet? How shall we carry the posts? Are there, then, none given to help us?”

“Not one,” answered Tausere; “not even a child. They hate us, these chiefs of ours. They have a mind to kill us. Let us therefore die at once, and make an end of it; then will our lords be satisfied. Take pity upon us, Matandua, and strangle us both; for we are old, and feeble, and useless.”

“It is good,” whined the wife. “Hear the words of your father, my son. Strangle us, that we may die.”

“Not so,” cried the One-eyed one. “You shall live. Let us try once more, and if this thing be too hard for us, then let us flee together to some other land. If we die in the midst of the waters, or if the people of the land whither we go kill us because we are strangers, it is but dying after all. Let us therefore try once more.”

“Good!” said Tausere. “Let us try. It will be useless; but still let us try yet this once. Come now, here is coconut fibre. Let us make sinnet to-day.”

So they sat down together in the house, plaiting sinnet. And every time that they twisted the fibre a full fathom was done, neat and well laid; wherefore they worked in great wonder and awe, for it was plain that some god was helping them. And before the night came over the land the floor of the house was covered with beautiful sinnet of various colours.

“It is enough,” said Tausere, and they wound it up into a ball, large and heavy.

“Here now is a wonderful thing,” whispered he to his wife, when Matandua had fallen asleep. “Here now is a wonderful thing. What can it be, my wife, for the like thereof was never heard of before.”

“It is his mother,” answered the old woman. “It must be his mother. Who else of ‘Those who are absent ‘ would care for him?”

“True perhaps are your words,” said the man; “but whether it be his mother, or whosoever it be, one thing is plain — that it was a happy day for us when we found the child on the beach. And now let us sleep, for it is far into the night, and there is a great work and heavy to be done in the morning.”

On the morrow they went to cut down the posts, and when they had found a clump of trees which were fit for the purpose, before they could light their fires to burn them down, suddenly a furious blast swept through the forest, and in a moment the trees lay at their feet, with all the branches broken off, so that they were ready for fashioning into posts. Great also was their wonder when they went about to lift them, for the big logs were no heavier than so many little sticks; and they carried them down into the town, throwing them down on the spot where the temple was building. And all the people were astonished.

“What sort of wood can it be,” said they, “that even old Tausere can carry so big a log?” but when they tried to lift them, no two of the strongest among them could so much as raise one end of the smallest post.

Thus all the work was made easy to Tausere and Matandua, so that they finished their end with ease, often having to wait for the other tribes, to whom the sides of the building had been allotted.

Then said the young men among themselves, “Useless is all that we have done, we must kill him ourselves.” So, having plotted together, first of all they dug a deep pit, the mouth of which they hid with sticks and grass, and made ready a plan for enticing him thither, that he might fall therein and die. But when it was finished, and they were going back in great glee to the town, the sun having gone down below the waters, and the moon shining bright and clear, suddenly they saw in the path a strange woman, wondrous fair, whose look was even as the look of the women of Tonga; her body was wet, as if she had come from the sea, and the drops on her hair glistened in the moonlight, as she stood before them in the path, holding in her hand a large steer-oar.

“Who are you?” shouted “Big-body,” who was walking in front, while the young men followed him. “Who then are you? Why do you not speak?” for the woman answered never a word; and when he ran forward she turned and fled into the forest.

“Seize her!” cried the son of the Lord of Ono, rushing after her; and the young men followed him, shouting aloud.

Swiftly ran the woman through the forest, doubling on them till she came out again into the path behind them, and ran forward towards the pit which they had been digging, over which she passed as if it had been solid ground; and the young men were close behind her, forgetting the pit in their eagerness to catch her. Then rang through the forest a dreadful laugh, loud, fierce, and shrill, as “Big-body,” with ten more of the foremost — eleven in all — fell headlong down into the pit which they had dug for the One-eyed one, and the hindmost turned and fled, with yells of terror, back, to the town.

“Oh, evil day!” cried the Lord of Ono, when he heard the news, “My son is dead! Oh, evil day!”

And, gathering together a great company, he led them through the wood. And when they came to the mouth of the pit they heard a noise of dismal groaning and cries of agony, for three of the young men were killed outright, and the others lay grievously wounded by the sharp stakes which they had planted in the bottom for the One-eyed one, one of which had so torn the knee of “Big-body “ that he was lame for ever after; and men thereafter called him no more Yango-levu, or Big-body, but Loki-loki, the Lamester.

That was a night of much weeping in Ono; but when Tausere heard of the matter, he whispered to his wife, “It was his mother. See how she watches over him!” and they rejoiced together. Moreover, during the night, when the moon was high in the heavens, there rang forth from the beach a voice of singing, as of one chaunting a chaunt of savage triumph in the Tongan tongue. And Matandua laughed in his sleep, shaking his hand, as if it held a spear.

None of the men of Ono knew the song, or its meaning; but there was one who knew it, even Vatui, a man of Vavao, who, many years before, had drifted to Ono in a large canoe, which had been driven from Tonga by a dreadful storm. A young man, stout of heart and strong of arm, drifted he to Ono; but now he was old and feeble and blind, and would sit moping all day long in the house of the King, hearing nothing, seeing nothing, and speaking never a word. But when the first notes of that fearful chaunt came ringing through the night, he started to his feet with a terrible cry, and stood there before them all, glaring around with his blind eyes, and quivering in every limb — an awful sight to see.

“Is there death in the town?” cried he in a hollow voice. “Is there slaughter? Is there blood? Woe, woe, woe, to the land! I know it! I know that terrible chaunt! I heard it on a bloody day. I heard it when the warriors took our stronghold, and slew our people. Thus they sang as they dragged the dead bodies to the ovens. It is The Song of Death!”

These were the words of Latui; and word spake he never again; for the blood gushed from his mouth, as he sank down upon the mats; and, when they ran to lift him up, behold, he was dead!

Great then was the fear that fell upon all the people; nor did the young men plot any more against Matandua, for they were afraid. Nevertheless, after many days, when they went to Thakau Lala, the Empty Reef, to catch turtle for the feast of the yearly tribute, for which their lords had come, the lords of Lakemba; then having fished all day in vain (for they caught but one), they fastened their canoes to the reef by night, and waited for the morning. And at low water the young men gathered together on the king’s canoe to sing songs and tell tales of the olden days, as their manner is; but “One-eye” stayed by his canoe and slept alone upon the deck.

So it fell out that, when it was dark, “Big-body” came limping by with the young men, his followers; and, when he saw him, whom his soul hated, lying there asleep alone on the canoe, his heart gave a great leap in its joy; and creeping softly to the stake, which was thrust into the reef, he untied the mooring-rope, while his comrades stole the paddles; whereupon the canoe drifted slowly away into the darkness, for the tide was still running out, causing a strong current, and the wind was blowing gently from the shore.

“Good-bye, One-eyed One,” shouted “Big-body,” with a laugh of savage glee, and the young men laughed with him. “Good-bye, One-eyed One! A fair wind! A happy voyage!” But the One-eyed One heard him not, for he was sleeping soundly.

And, as he slept, he dreamed a dream. He dreamt that he was floating away out to sea in an empty canoe, and that when he looked for the paddles, behold, they were gone! Great then was his fear, as he saw the land growing dim astern, and nothing but the waste of waters before and around him.

Then, as he sank down in utter despair upon the deck, his eye caught a black speck rising on the top of a distant wave; and when he looked steadily upon it, he saw that it was moving slowly towards him, and his heart burned within him, he knew not why. “It is like a man swimming,” said he to himself; but it was something more marvellous than that. For in his dream he saw a woman, light of colour and wondrous fair, swimming towards him and pushing before her a large steer-oar, on the blade whereof sat a child whose face was stained with blood, which trickled down from its wounded eye. Coming near to the canoe, she dived below the waters and disappeared. Then from under the deck, between the weather and the leeward portions of the canoe, there came a sound of bitter weeping; and it was in his mind to rise and look beneath the deck, but it seemed to him in his dream as if he could not stir, though he strove till the sweat rolled off his limbs, so he lay still in great trouble of soul. And presently a sad voice was heard, calling him by name, “Matandua! Matandua! Oh, my son, my son, Matandua!”

“Can it be you, Senirewa, my mother?” asked he in i great astonishment.

“No, my son,” answered the voice, “it is not Senirewa. It is your mother, my son, my dear son — your true mother, Talingo.”

“Surely I know the voice,” cried the lad, still dreaming; “surely I know the voice! But this now is a strange thing that you tell me. Is not Senirewa my mother? Is not Tausere my father? They with whom I have lived all my life?”

“No, my son, no!” cried the voice with exceeding earnestness; “I alone am your mother. They are good people, those two. I love them because of their love to you. But I alone am your true mother; even I, Talingo. Listen now, my son, I will tell you all.” And beginning at the beginning she told him how she, a young girl, had been taken away by force by the cruel chief, on the woeful day when her father was slain; how she leaped overboard to escape being eaten; how they two together had drifted to Ono; and how she had watched over him day and night, helping him in his work and saving him from danger and death. All these things did Matandua hear in his dream.

“And now, my son,” continued the voice, “know that it was ‘Big-body’ who sent you adrift; and it will not be well for you to stay in the land where he dwells, for the name of the Lord of Ono has been called in the Land of Spirits — the messenger is even now on the way to summon him — and your enemy will be king when his father is dead. Wherefore, my son, my dear son, hear now the words of your mother who loves you. Go back to Ono. It is true that your paddles are stolen, but there is yet this steer-oar. With it you will be able to reach the land, before the canoes return from the fishing. Go back once more to Ono; and, having taken those two loving ones on board, hoist your sail and return to your own land, even to Tonga. Fear nothing, my son. The wind will be fair, and no evil will befall you; for is not your mother watching over you? I shall be with you, even though ou see me not. And now, awake, my son, awake, and cmember these my words.” And she struck the side of he canoe with the steer-oar.

Then Matandua, starting from his sleep, heard a knocking against the side of the canoe; and, stooping down, he saw a large steer-oar floating between the weather and the leeward portions of the canoe, but nothing else did he see.

“Oh, my mother!” he cried, “my dear mother! Will you leave me thus? Let me but see you with my eyes, my mother, my dear mother!”

But there was no voice, nor sound, save only the rippling of the waves against the canoe. Nevertheless, the steer-oar, which he had caught by the handle when he saw it floating, began to work backwards and forwards in his hand with a paddling motion; and thereby he understood that Talingo wished him to start. So he sat down, weeping, on the stern, and rowed with the heavy steer-oar towards the land. But, though the steer-oar was large and heavy, yet it was light in his hand, even as a small paddle; and the canoe moved swiftly over the waters as if it were sailing before a pleasant breeze.

“Surely my mother is helping me,” said he.

It were too long to tell of all that passed between him and the old people, when he told them that his mother had come swimming over the waves to save him once more from certain death; how Senirewa tried, with many words and much weeping, to persuade him that it was all nothing more than a dream, vowing and declaring that he was, her true son, and she the mother who bare him, and how her husband silenced her at last.

“Woman!” said he sternly; “it is enough. Lie no more to the lad. True are the words of Talingo, my son; true indeed are her words. She, and she only, is your mother. But we have loved you well. Ever since the day when we found you on the beach have we loved you well and truly. A good son also have you been to us. Weep no more, wife. Why should you weep? for he will love us none the less now that he knows the truth.”

“I love you all the more!” cried he.

So, after many words, they went on board the canoe, taking with them such things as were needful, and sailed away before the pleasant breeze, which carried them steadily along for three days, and then Tonga was in sight. Now, on the night before they made the land, the young man dreamed yet another dream. He dreamt that his mother came through the moonlight, not swimming this time but stepping lightly over the waves from crest to crest, her bare feet glistening amidst the foam. She came, and looking down with sad eyes upon the face of her sleeping son, she told him many things as to how matters stood in Tonga, advising him how to act. And truly, they needed advice; for not one of them knew the islands, or the reefs, or the passage — strangers were they, sailing to a strange land.

But when the white line of surf was seen in the distance, there flew from the shore a little green bird with a white breast, and lighted down upon the head of the young man as he stood steering, and then flew away towards another island, which was faintly seen to leeward, returning again, after a while; thus going and coming many times.

“Slack oflf the sheet, father,” said the young man. “Let us keep her away, and follow the bird.”

So Tausere slacked off the sheet; and when the prow of the canoe was pointing to the island, then the little green bird settled on the young man’s head and slept. But, when the reef was in sight, it rose again, making straight for the passage; and the young man steering after it took his canoe through the opening in the reef into the still waters of the lagoon, and ran her ashore on the sandy beach.

Now the island whereon they landed was Tonga-tabu or “Sacred Tonga,” and the great town, the town of the king, was near at hand. But, when they went up thither to present themselves to the chief, behold, the town was empty and silent, the hearths were cold, the houses were falling to ruin, and grass was growing in all the paths.

“The town has been smitten,” said Tausere, whereupon his wife began to weep.

“Not so,” said the One-eyed One. “When did a war-party smite a town and not burn the houses? No enemy has been here. Some terrible thing must have come to pass, for this has been a town of chiefs. Look now at the houses, how many they are and how great. Perhaps the townsfolk have been devoured by an evil disease, and the remnant have fled away, leaving the town with the dead.”

“Let us go too,” cried the wife; “I dare not stay here in this empty town. It is a fearful thing to stay with the dead. Look, my son, look! There is the bird that guided us hither. Ah, my lord, you have brought us into an evil case. Here are none but the dead. Pity us therefore, I pray you, and lead us to some dwelling-place of the living.”

Thus spake the old woman in a lamentable tone, as with streaming eyes she looked upwards at the bird, which was hovering over their heads; and when she had made an end of speaking, it darted away.

“Let us follow the bird,” said Matandua.

And, following it, they went through the town; out into the forest, through the gate of the war-fence at the back, over a mighty hill and down into the valley beyond, where the bird rose suddenly upwards with a shrill cry and then darted down into a dense thicket on the other side of the brook which ran through the valley. So they forded the stream; and, when they came to the thicket, behold a lamentable sight! Truly a mournful sight was that which their eyes beheld; for there sat a band of men famine-stricken, gaunt, and woe-begone. Round in a circle they sat upon the grass, gazing with lack-lustre eyes upon one who lay dying in their midst. An old, old man was he; and he lay there gasping for breath, his grey hair, all bedaubed with filth, streaming over the ground.

Stern of countenance and fierce of look was the One-eyed One as he stepped within the circle and bent over the dying chief, for he knew him, having been forewarned of all these things in the dream which he had dreamt on the night before they made the land, when his mother came to him, walking over the waves.

Stern of countenance and fierce of look was he; and, with a gurgling cry of horror, the old man struggled to a sitting posture, and gazed with fearful eyes not upon him, but upon the bird which had again perched on his head.

“Take her away! Drag her away!” he cried in a voice shrill with terror, while his flesh twitched and quivered and crept, and the foam gathered upon his lips.

“Hold her hand! Take from her the steer-oar! Why should she smite me with it?” Then, in a whining tone, “Why should you smite me, Talingo? It was not I. It was the young man, even Faha. I killed him for it. I thrust him through with’ the spear. Pity me, pity me, Talingo, for I am an old man and weak.”

Then, with a despairing howl, he threw up his hands as if to ward off a blow, and fell back — dead.

“He was my father,” said the young man, looking down upon the body. “An evil father has he been to me. It was in my mind to kill him, for he killed my mother, even Talingo, but now have the gods taken him out of my hands.”

“Are you, indeed, the son of Talingo?” asked a white-bearded old man; “of Talingo, the daughter of Takape? How can this thing be? Her only child was a baby at the breast when she was drowned, and they two died together. I saw it; I, Anga-tonu the ‘Just One.’”

“The true son of Talingo am I,” was the reply; “and he who lies there dead was my father. Hear now my words, ye men of Tonga, and you shall know all that has happened.” With that he told them all.

“It is a wonderful story,” said the old man, when the tale was ended. “Truly, a wonderful story is that which our ears have heard to-day. I would welcome you after our manner, and say, ‘Good is your sailing,’ but why should I mock you? You have come to a ruined land. We few, even we whom you see here, we are the remnant of death. And now the king also is gone! You are his son, and should be king in his stead. But to what end? The warriors are killed and eaten, and none but the women live.”

“What words are these?” cried the son of Talingo. “What things, perchance, are these that you tell me? Why is the town deserted? Why are you thus hiding in the forest? Where are the rest of the people?”

“Dead! dead!” sobbed the greybeard; “they are all dead. Chiefs and serfs — young and old — they are all gone. We only remain — we and the women; and they, too, are taken from us.” And, lifting up their voices, the whole company wept with a bitter weeping.

“It is eight months,” continued Anga-tonu, when the weeping was over, “since destruction came to this land. We were living quietly in peace and plenty when there came, wading through the sea, a great and terrible giant. Wading through the sea, he came, and seldom was it that he had to swim, for his feet trod the bottom of the ocean, while his head and shoulders were above the waves. We know not whence he came; but his face is white, and he speaks our language with the tongue of a stranger. We fought with him when he came ashore, but he laughed at our spears and clubs and arrows, sweeping them from him as you would brush a mosquito away, nor could the strongest among us pierce so much as his skin. And he killed our people, squeezing them to death with his hands, and crushing them beneath his cruel feet — a frightful slaughter! So we fled before him; whereupon he gathered the women together and took them away. He has built for himself a large war-fence, wherein he lives with our women, even our wives and our daughters, making them his slaves. And us he hunts through the forest, day after day, killing us off, one by one, and feasting upon the slain. Therefore are we in hiding. You see us, how few, and wretched, and miserable we are. We dare not go down to the beach to fish upon the reef, lest the giant should kill us. Therefore have we no food but the roots which we find in the woods, and even them must we eat raw, not daring to make a fire, lest the smoke should betray us. Moreover, the giant has an evil imp, in the shape of a white vampire-bat, that helps him, keeping watch and ward in the fence when he is away, and waking while he sleeps. At first we used to creep up to the fence and call the women, begging for something to eat, but always did this evil imp discover us, and many were killed before they could hide themselves from the giant. Therefore will it be well for you to flee before he knows of your coming; for, if he knows thereof, you will surely die. Go, therefore, back to your canoe, you and your two friends, and escape alive out of this evil land. If you will have pity on any of these wretched ones, take them also with you, as many as your canoe will hold, and save their lives. As for me, I am old and useless. Here will I stay. What matters it when I follow my lord, who lies there dead? To-day, or to-morrow, or perhaps the next day! I have followed him all my life, in war and in peace, by sea and by land; together have we fought, together have we feasted, and death shall not part us. One grave will do for us both. He was a hard man and a cruel. But what then? He was my lord, and I am his man. The words of Anga-tonu are spoken.”

Then was there a long silence, after which Matandua spoke.

“This, indeed,” said he, “is a lamentable tale, a tale of woe. Hear now my words. It is in my mind to fight with this giant. If I die, I die, and there is an end of the matter. But if I live, — how then? Will you be true men to me, and give me that which falls to me as a right, now that my father is dead?”

“True men will we be,” said the greybeard; and “true men will we be,” said they all.

“But why should you go to your death?” cried Anga-tonu. “To your death will you go, if you seek the giant. You now, you alone, are left of the blood of the chiefs. Why should you wish to die? Sail away to some other land, and stay there till these evil days be overpast. The giant will not live for ever, and you can return,; with your children, to people the land, when he is gone. Fly while there is yet time, I beseech you, that the light of Tonga be not utterly quenched for ever. Rise up, Kalo-fanga, my son, and follow your lord. Be you to him what I have been to his father. Take his life into your hand and keep it safe. Be your eye his watchman, your arm his club, and your body his shield. And you, too, go, some of you also; follow this your lord to other lands. Guard him well, and bring him back hither in peace, when the giant is dead, that he may reign in the land of his fathers. As for me, my day is spent, my work is done. I shall go after my chief, who lies there before us.”

These were the words of the Just One. Then rose Kalo-fanga from his seat on the grass; and, bowing down before his new chief, he kissed his hand, saying, “Your man am I, my lord; your true man, now and for ever.” Others also stood up, seven and forty in all, and vowed to follow him whithersoever he went. But the old men sat still: “We will die with Anga-tonu,” said they.

Then out spake the young chief. With outstretched arm and kindling eye spake he; his voice rang loud and clear, even as on the day when he faced the young men of Ono after that he had smitten “Big-body” to the earth.

“I will not flee!” he cried. “Shall the son of a king flee like a coward, leaving his people to perish? Even the children of cowards would cry shame upon me! But why stand I here talking? This is no time for many words. Come, Kalo-fanga; lead me to the slayer of my people.”

And they two went together through the forest, leaving the others behind, with Tausere and his wife, in the thicket. Never a word spake the One-eyed, until the war-fence of the giant was in sight. Then he said to Kalo-fanga, “Stay you here, and watch. If the giant kills me, go back and report to your father; but if I kill him, then will we return together in triumph to our friends.” And he turned to go, but Kalo-fanga caught him by the hand and stayed him.

“Not so, my lord!” cried he; “let me go with you. Forbid me not. It were a shame to me if you went alone.”

“It must be so,” said the young chief in a tone of command, as he walked away towards the fence. “Do as I bid you; stay there and wait for the end.”

“Alas! alas!” said Kalo-fanga, as he sank down beneath a big tree and wept; “he is going to his death! But, as for me, I will never return to my father. How could I go back and tell him that my lord died, and I not at hand to die with him?”

So the young chief went boldly on towards the fence; and, entering therein, he was aware of a vampire-bat, large of body and white, which, with a dismal cry, flew out of the top of a lofty palm, and made off towards the sea; whereupon the women came running out of the houses — a great crowd, even all the women of the island, whom the giant had gathered together for himself.

Great was their wonder when they saw a stranger within the fence; and they flocked round him, beseeching lim to escape, not even so much as asking him whence le came, so eager were they to get him away.

“Fly,” said one, “while there is yet time! “

“The giant will kill you!” cried another.

“The vampire-bat has told him of your coming,” lid a third.

“See! There he comes!” screamed a fourth; and, with that, they all fled away, leaving him alone in the midst of the fence.

Then, with angry look and hasty stride came the giant up from the beach (for he had been out on the reef fishing for turtle), and the earth shook under his heavy tread.

“You have come to your death!” roared he, as he sprang upon the young chief, who stood waiting quietly and watching him with a steady eye. Leaping nimbly aside as the giant rushed forward, he smote him full on the sinews behind his knee; whereupon he fell flat upon his face, and the young chief struck him two more heavy blows of his club on the same spot before he could rise. (Now this was his weak place; of this also had Talingo told her son, when she came walking over the waves to him as he slept.)

With a fearful howl the giant struggled to his feet and rushed again upon his daring foe. But now a great shout was heard; and from the wood came Kalo-fanga, leaping and bounding, and whirling his war-club over his head.

“Here am I!” cried he. “Here am I! I could not stay, my lord! We will die together!”

“His knee! His knee!” shouted his master. “Strike at his knee! The back of his knee, Kalo-fanga!”

So they fought together, those three. And a sore fight it was — the giant roaring and howling, and rushing first upon one, then upon the other; and they two ever dodging between his legs, but ever striking him upon the same spot, till at length he fell a second time; whereupon they raised the shout of victory, thinking to make an end of him.

But, in falling, he caught hold of a large tree, and brought it to the ground with him as he fell, wrenching it out of the earth by the roots. Then, rising, he seized it by the stem; and, giving it one fierce sweep through the air smote them with it, before they could spring backwards out of his reach; and they both fell, entangled amongst the branches.

“Aha! I have you at last!” roared he, with a savage laugh. But, just as he staggered forward to clutch them, behold, a little green bird came flying full in his face, and darted her beak into his eye, whereupon he threw up his hands with a yell of pain; and his two enemies, struggling from beneath the tree (for they were not hurt) came nimbly behind him, as he stamped and howled in his agony. Two heavy blows they struck — nor were more needed, for thereat he fell across the trunk of the tree, and after this fall he rose no more.

“A rope! a rope!” cried the young chief. “Bring me a rope!” And the women came rushing out of the houses, dragging behind them the long rope of a turtle-net, which their chief threw over the giant’s head, in spite of his struggles, and then the fight was soon over; for, pulling both ends of the line, they strangled him easily, and there was an end at last of this fearful monster, this slayer and devourer of men.

Then, with a dismal screech, rose the vampire-bat from the tree whereon it had perched during the battle, and flew away seaward; nor did it ever come back again to Tonga.

Meanwhile, Anga-tonu and the rest of the people, with Tausere and his wife, were sitting, full of fear, in the thicket, their heads bowed down, each man fearing to look his neighbour in the face, because of the utter despair which he knew to be written upon his own; and ever and anon a noise was heard in their midst, as of the breath of the north-easter on a calm night, but this was only their sighing. Thus they sat in mournful silence, waiting for the tidings of death; when suddenly the wife lifted her head and listened, then started to her feet with a joyous cry.

“He lives! He lives!” cried she. “I hear his voice!” And, ringing through the forest, distant yet, but drawing ever nearer, now dying away, now swelling full and clear, there came the sound of many voices, singing a chant which the Tongans knew full well.

“It is the Song of Death!” cried the Just One. “He lives! He has conquered!” and, leaping to their feet, they all joined their voices in the terrible chorus, as the young chief and Kalo-fanga came in sight over the crest of the ridge, carrying the head of the giant, lifted high in the air, on the point of a fish-spear; and all the women following them, making the woods ring with their song of triumph; while, over all, hung a thick cloud of smoke, rolling upwards from the burning town, which they had set on fire, after piling the stakes of the war-fence on and around the body of the dead giant so that it might therewith be consumed.

And thus was Tonga delivered from this dreadful scourge, which the anger of the gods had brought upon it.

On that same day they went back to the empty town, and began to repair the houses, working hard, day and night, till all was finished. And, then, with joyful ceremonies, they made the young chief King of Tonga, in the place of his father, who now lay buried on the brow of a hill that looked out over the sea.

So he began his reign, having taken Tauki, the Merry One, the fairest maiden of the land, to wife, and soon the great house had children rolling upon the mats. Only one wife did he take — her and no other. And when his foster-mother said to him, “You should take more wives, my lord, that you may get your ‘tapa’ cloth made,” he only shook his head and smiled.

“ ‘Tapa’ is good, but peace and quietness are better,” quoth he.

Many children also, sons of the giant, were born of the women. These grew to be mighty men, and pillars of the land; and, before many years were over, the town was too small for its people; wherefore they divided into three bands, building two other towns, even Mua and Hihifo.

But, long before this came to pass, the men of Vavau, and Haapai, and other islands, having heard that the giant was dead, were of one mind to lay aside their feuds with one another, and enter into a league together to make war upon Tonga-tabu, in revenge for all the slaughter which its warriors had made among them in days gone by.

“There is but a small remnant,” said they; “it will be easy work.”

Then was there great fear in Tonga-tabu, and many were for making a peace-offering, and bowing themselves beneath the yoke of the foreigners. But the King utterly scorned their counsel, vowing that his club should crush the skull of him, whosoever he might be, who should thenceforth so much as speak of surrender: thus he encouraged his people.

And, when the enemy landed, he fell upon their rear, as they went carelessly, and in straggling parties, towards the town (for they did not dream that he with his few would dare to come out against their vast multitude). Whereupon, some of the hindermost being slain, there rose a great cry; and a sudden panic fell upon all that mighty host, so that their hearts became as water; and, throwing down their arms, they fled hither and thither, and were slain on every side, even the women sallying forth out of the town, killing every one her man. Many fled to the canoes, but the King had secured them, dragging them up, high and dry, upon the beach; wherefore, their retreat being cut off, they sat down in despair, giving themselves to death.

But the King stopped the slaughter; for, said he, “great is the use of living men throughout all the years of their life, but what is the good of the dead? They fall, and are eaten; and there is an end of their usefulness. Slay no more.” So the work of death was stayed.

And he sent those who remained alive back to their own lands, keeping only such as stayed of their own accord; and he appointed a yearly tribute to be brought from every land.

Some of them rebelled against him in the following year, and strengthened themselves, fencing in their towns, and refusing to bring the tribute. Against these he led his warriors, and smote them with a dreadful slaughter, levelling their war-fences, and burning their towns. But, to the obedient, he was ever a just and wise ruler, neither oppressing them himself, nor suffering others to oppress them, so that even his enemies became his friends; and all the islands were brought under his sway; for he won them twice — once by the strength of his arm, and once, again, by the wisdom of his counsel.

As for the King’s foster-parents, they lived to a good old age, loved and honoured by the King, who was ever an obedient son to them. And, when they died, he buried them in the tombs of the chiefs, mourning for them with all his people.

Old Anga-tonu, also, lived for many years after the slaying of the giant; having, on that day of gladness, utterly abandoned his resolve to follow the old King, his master. He grew to be as blind and helpless as Latui (the Vavauan who drifted to Ono), but his mind was clear to the last; and he never wearied of telling to the young people the deeds of the olden days. But, of all his tales, that wherein his soul most delighted was the “Story of Matandua, the One-eyed,” which grew longer and more wondrous every time that he repeated it.

So the King prospered exceedingly. And the root of his great success in all his undertakings was the advice which Talingo continued to give him; for very often did she come to him in his sleep, warning him of coming danger, and advising him how to act in every weighty matter.

Moreover, Kalo-fanga was ever with him, by day and night, at home or abroad, in peace or war, by sea or land. Well did he redeem his pledge, which he gave on the day when he bowed down before him, and kissed his hand, saying, “Your man am I, my lord: your true man am I for ever.”

And strictly did he obey the words of his father, who, when he gave him to be the King’s man, had commanded him saying —

“Take his life into your hand, and keep it safe. Be your eye his watchman, your arm his club, and your body his shield.” Well did Kalo-fanga observe this command.

Now, when many years had passed away, and the King’s children had grown up around him into fine young men and women, a great longing came over him to sail once more to Fiji, and visit the grave of his mother. So, having called together the chiefs, he told them of his purpose, and appointed his eldest son to rule in his stead, until he should return. Then, taking Kalo-fanga, and a chosen band of warriors with him, he hoisted his sail, steering for Ono.

There he found the younger son of the lord of Ono reigning over the land; for Big-body had long since died of the old wound in his knee, which had broken out afresh, and festered, and mortified; so that he died in great torment. Three months did the Tongans stay at Ono, living in peace with the people; -with whom also they made a friendly league, which is kept even to this day. Thence they sailed away to other islands, until at length they came to Nairai; and here the King told his men to see to the fastenings of the canoe, for that it was now his mind to go back to Tonga: but the mind of the gods was otherwise, and back to Tonga never more went he.

No man slew him: no accident befell him: nor did he fall sick of any evil disease: but thus it was. When all things were ready for sailing, then for the last time came Talingo to him in the night, as he lay sleeping in the great house at Natautoa, the chief town of Nairai. Ever before, when she came, had she gazed upon him with sad eyes; but now was she light and cheery of look, as she stood, beckoning to him with her hand, but speaking never a word.

And Kalo-fanga, waking with a start, heard the King saying in a low tone and faint, “ Good-bye, Kalo-fanga. I am going. Talingo beckons me away.”

“My lord is talking in his sleep,” he replied.

But, when he woke in the morning, the King was ying at his side, cold and dead; and there was a happy mile upon his face.

They would not bury him in the foreign land, but laid him lovingly in the hold of the canoe, carrying sand on board to cover him withal, that they might take him back to his own country. Kalo-fanga held his head, as, with bitter wailing, they bore him down to the canoe; and, when they laid him in the hold, he stooped down to kiss, once more, the hand of his lord, his tears falling, like rain, on the face of the dead; and, sinking down by his side, without a groan or a struggle, the spirit of this true-hearted warrior departed, following hard after him whom he had loved so well, and overtaking him even on the road to Bulu, the Land of Spirits.

So they covered them both with the sand which had been brought on board; and, hoisting their sail, they steered for Tonga, before a strong breeze, which carried them thither on the third day. And there they buried the King in the tomb of his father, with Kalo-fanga lying at his feet.

Thus, without pain or sickness, died Matandua, the best of kings — brave in war, wise in peace, terrible to his enemies, faithful to his friends, and kind and gentle and loving to all.


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How the Samoans First Got Pigs

In ancient Samoa, famine struck, forcing a chief to eat children for sustenance. A grieving couple, the “Man of Luck” and his wife, mourned their seventh child. A magical imp named Ilo-anga intervened, gifting them pigs—creatures to provide food and end cannibalism. The pigs multiplied, spreading to Tonga and Fiji, saving families from hunger and fostering peace among islanders.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The narrative explains how pigs were introduced to Samoa, providing an origin story for their presence in the region.

Sacrifice: The chief’s demand for children as food during the famine highlights the extreme sacrifices made by families during desperate times.

Loss and Renewal: The community experiences profound loss due to famine and cannibalism, but the introduction of pigs brings renewal and hope, ending the cycle of suffering.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

In the old days there were no pigs in Samoa, nor fowls, nor ducks. Neither were there any in Tonga, nor did we, the men of Fiji, eat them, for we had them not. In those days we ate that which sprung up out of the earth, and fish which we caught on the reefs, so that we hungered after flesh, and killed men that we might eat and be full.

Now upon a time it fell out that no fish could be had in Samoa. What was the reason thereof our fathers did not fully know; but some said that a great monster came swimming into the Samoan waters, eating all the fish on the reefs, so that those fish that were left alive were afraid and swam away to other lands.

► Continue reading…

Thus it came to pass that the men of Samoa were brought into great straits because of their hunger, for they had nothing to eat but the fruits of the ground, and their stomachs were always asking, “Alas! what shall be our food to-day?”

Now there was a chief, great and mighty, who dwelt in that land; and when the famine was heavy upon them he sent his messengers and took the children one by one, cooking them for his food, so that the souls of his people were sore; and they said one to another, “What shall we do? for we are perishing from off the earth; we are eaten up by this our lord.” And there was weeping in every house.

In the town of this chief there dwelt a man whose name was Kailufahe-tuugau, or the “Man of Luck,” and Faei-puaka, his wife, and their children — one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight: eight of them — so that it was a saying among the townsfolk, “A full house is the house of the Man of Luck.”

But at length it fell to his turn to furnish a child for the chief’s food, and the messengers came bringing a whale’s tooth, which they laid down before him, saying, “This is the carrying away of your child that our lord may eat.” Heavy then were the hearts of the “Man of Luck” and his wife, and bitter was their weeping; but they said, “Good is the word of the chief,” and made their child ready for death. It was their seventh child that they chose, because the mother loved the youngest more than all the rest, and could not bear to send him away. So they oiled the body of their seventh child, and combed his hair, plaiting the long locks that hung down behind his ear, and when they had tied a strip of white unpainted cloth to his arm they kissed him many times, ever more weepingly, and gave him up to the chief’s messengers.

Then they sat down, bowing their heads, for their souls were very sore. No word did they speak, but they sat in silence and in great sorrow, as they thought of their son whom they had lost for evermore. While they were thus sitting the woman felt something small and hard beneath her hand, and looking upon it she saw that it was a whistle — the whistle of her dead son. Then she held it up, saying, “Here is his whistle,” and with a bitter cry they both fell on their faces and wept aloud.

Now there was an imp who dwelt with them, living in the loft above the fireplace. His name was Ilo-anga, the “Cunning One,” and every evening they put food for him upon the shelf; for it was his custom to sleep through the day, and by night he guarded the house while they slept, keeping them safe from the evil ones, and from enemies that creep into the house by night. They never saw him, though they were often climbing up after the things that were kept on the loft, but sometimes, when they woke in the night, if they lay still, listening, they could hear him munching his food and chuckling over it; moreover, when he had finished he would clap his hands softly, and sing in a low tone: —

“Good is the yam, and good the taro;
Good is the fish from the salt sea-water;
Good is the love of the Man that’s Lucky;
Good is the cooking of Faei-puaka!”

So on this day the imp was sleeping on the loft when he was roused by their bitter weeping, and said, “What is this? What is the matter? Why are you thus weeping?”

And when they heard his voice they were afraid, for never before had they heard him speak aloud, so they kept silence and answered not a word.

Then the imp tapped the floor of the loft, and said, “Do you hear there, O Lucky One, O wife of the Lucky One? Do you hear? What is the matter that you are thus weeping? Tell me, for am I not the Cunning One, Ilo-anga?”

Then they feared no longer, for they knew that he was their friend; and the woman answered —

“We are weeping, sir, because of our boy — our seventh child — he who used so often to climb up to the loft with your food.”

“What about him? “ asked the imp in an anxious voice. “ Is he ill? or has he perhaps fallen from a tree? or what other evil has befallen him?”

“Alas! sir,” answered the man, “it is worse than that: the chief has eaten him; and now we live in fear, for our turn will soon come round again. Wretched parents that we are!”

“ Why did I bring forth children?” cried the wife. “ What is the good of them to me, miserable woman that I am? There were eight; there are now but seven, and soon will the house be empty, for the hunger of our lord is not satisfied.”

Thus they bemoaned themselves, and the sound of weeping came down also from the loft above the fireplace, for the imp pitied them.

“ Weep not,” said he; “weep not, O Lucky One! weep not, O wife of the Lucky One! for I will save your children. A strange thing will come to pass to-night. Therefore, fear not; for is not the Cunning One your friend?”

Glad then was the heart of the Man of Luck; and he said: “Let not your soul be small, my wife, for the Cunning One will help us, and our children shall live.”

But his wife refused to be comforted. “Alas!” sobbed she, “what can he do? They will die. They will be eaten. No one can save them,” and she wept more bitterly than ever.

Then there was a rustle and stir among the things in the loft above the fireplace; and the voice of the imp came angrily down to their ears.

“What words, perchance, are these?” said he sternly. “Am I not the Cunning One? He that is eaten is dead, and we cannot save him; but the living shall live. Have I not said it: I, the Cunning One?”

Then the woman dared weep no more; but she wept still in her heart, for she disbelieved his words. When darkness came over the land, they put the imp’s food up in the loft, and lay down to sleep among their children; and in the middle of the night great pains took hold of the wife, and she woke her husband, saying, “Rise, husband, rise and go for the midwife, for I am very ill.” But the man laughed and said, “Surely you are dreaming, my wife” — for they were both very old, and their youngest child was a big lad. But the woman cried all the more, beseeching him to go; till at length he went, though indeed he was ashamed, for he said, “Now will they laugh at me;” and he went wandering through the town, not daring to do as he was bid. Then came to his mind the words of the imp, “A strange thing will come to pass to-night,” and he said, “Lest this perhaps should be it! Truly nothing could be stranger; for I am old, and my wife is old likewise.” So he went at once to the house of the midwife, and begged her to come quickly to his wife. Then the midwife and her husband laughed at him, and mocked him; but he said, “Listen but a little while to me,” and told them all that had happened. “And now,” said he, “love us and come to my wife; for who knows what the Cunning One is about to do?”

When the midwife heard this, she said, “Let us go;” and they two went together through the night. Stepping softly into the house they heard the imp singing in the loft above the fireplace, and this is the song that he sung —

“Great now is the grief of Faei-puaka,
Though great her grief her joy shall be greater;
Not grievous are tears that are followed by laughter,
One is dead, but alive shall be saved the seven. —
One and two, and three and four, and five and six, and seven and eight!”

Then the midwife went in behind the screen, and the Lucky One sat down with his children in the middle of the house. Not long had he waited before he heard, within the screen, a strange squeaking and squealing, and the midwife cried out, “I am afraid! There are eight! Oh, their cheeks, their feet, the length of their noses! What are these, O Cunning One? My fear is great.”

Then the imp laughed down from the loft above the fireplace, “Fear not, helper of women,” said he, “for this is the thing that I promised to these two wretched ones. Now shall their children live. Rise up, O Lucky One, and build a little fence in the midst of your house for the creatures which I have now brought to you. Their name is ‘Pig’: they shall grow large and fat; and they shall be for the chiefs food, so that your children may live. They will also multiply exceedingly; therefore be not covetous, keeping them all for yourself, but give of them to the strangers who come sailing hither, that they may take them to their own lands, and eat them instead of eating one another, lest they all perish from off the face of the earth through cannibalism.”

These were the words of the imp, and the Man of Luck followed them, building a fence for the pigs, wherein they stayed till they grew large, and fat, and strong; and then he made a great fence for them out of doors, wherein they multiplied exceedingly, according to the words of the imp. Great was the joy of the chief when he tasted the first pig that the Man of Luck brought him, saying, “This, my lord, is our offering, which the gods have sent us: our offering, my lord, that our children may live.” Great also was the joy of the Samoans, and they said, “Two good things have the gods now sent us one, that our children shall no more perish in the ovens; and the other, that our hungering after flesh is at an end for ever more. True indeed is the saying, ‘A full house is the house of the Man of Luck.’ Blessed be the Lucky One, and blessed be Faei-puaka ; for they have saved us alive—us and our children also.”

Moreover, the Man of Luck was obedient to the words of the imp in the matter of giving pigs to strangers, so that when the men of Tonga came to Samoa, seeking the shell of the turtle, he gave them pigs, which they took back with them to their king. And, when they returned a second time, he gave them more, which they brought with them in their flight to Fiji, when they fled hither from the wrath of the Lord of Tonga, because they lied to him about the turtle.

And this is how the Samoans got their pigs.


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Ku-ula, the Fish God of Hawaii

The Hawaiian legend of Ku-ula depicts him as a deity controlling the sea’s fish. Residing in Hana, Maui, with his family, Ku-ula constructs a fishpond and dedicates offerings to ensure his fishing success. Following betrayal by the king’s messenger, Ku-ula and his wife sacrifice themselves, transferring their powers to their son, Aiai. Aiai avenges his parents by restoring fishing abundance and establishing sacred fishing stations across the islands.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Sacrifice: Ku-ula and his wife, Hina-pu-ku-ia, sacrifice themselves, transferring their powers to their son, Aiai, to continue their legacy.

Cultural Heroes: Ku-ula and Aiai are foundational figures who shape fishing practices and traditions in Hawaiian culture.

Sacred Spaces: Ku-ula constructs a fishpond and a sacred house for offerings, emphasizing the importance of consecrated locations in ensuring fishing success.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


Translated from Moke Manu by M.K. Nakuina

The story of Ku-ula, considered by ancient Hawaiians as the deity presiding over and controlling the fish of the sea,–a story still believed by many of them to-day,–is translated and somewhat condensed from an account prepared by a recognized legendary bard of these islands. The name of Ku-ula is known from the ancient times on each of the islands of the Hawaiian group, and the writer gives the Maui version as transmitted through the old people of that island.

Ku-ula had a human body, and was possessed with wonderful or miraculous power (mana kupua) in directing, controlling, and influencing all fish of the sea, at will.

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Leho-ula, in the land of Aleamai, Hana, Maui, is where Ku-ula and Hina-pu-ku-ia lived. Nothing is known of their parents, but tradition deals with Ku-ula, his wife, their son Ai-ai, and Ku-ula-uka, a younger brother of Ku-ula. These lived together for a time at Leho-ula, and then the brothers divided their work between them, Ku-ula-uka choosing farm work, or work pertaining to the land, from the seashore to the mountain-top, while Ku-ula–known also as Ku-ula-kai–chose to be a fisherman, with such other work as pertained to the sea, from the pebbly shore to ocean depths. After this division Ku-ula-uka went up in the mountains to live, and met a woman known as La-ea–called also Hina-ulu-ohia–a sister of Hina-pu-ku-ia, Ku-ula’s wife. These sisters had three brothers, named Moku-ha-lii, Kupa-ai-kee, and Ku-pulu-pulu-i-ka-na-hele. This trio were called by the old people the gods of the canoe-making priests–“Na akua aumakua o ka poe kahuna kalai waa.

While Ku-ula and his wife were living at Leho-ula he devoted all his time to his chosen vocation, fishing. His first work was to construct a fish-pond handy to his house but near to the shore where the surf breaks, and this pond he stocked with all kinds of fish. Upon a rocky platform he also built a house to be sacred for the fishing kapu which he called by his own name, Ku-ula.

It is asserted that when Ku-ula made all these preparations he believed in the existence of a God who had supreme power over all things. That is why he prepared this place wherein to make his offerings of the first fish caught by him to the fish god. From this observance of Ku-ula all the fish were tractable (laka loa) unto him; all he had to do was to say the word, and the fish would appear. This was reported all over Hana and when Kamohaolii, the King (who was then living at Wananalua, the land on which Kauiki Hill stands) heard of it, he appointed Ku-ula to be his head fisherman. Through this pond, which was well stocked with all kinds of fish, the King’s table was regularly supplied with all rare varieties, whether in or out of season. Ku-ula was his mainstay for fish-food and was consequently held in high esteem by Kamohoalii, and they lived without disagreement of any kind between them for many years.

During this period the wife of Ku-ula gave birth to a son, whom they called Aiai-a-Ku-ula (Aiai of Ku-ula), The child was properly brought up according to the usage of those days, and when he was old enough to care for himself an unusual event occurred.

A large puhi (eel), called Koona, lived at Wailau, on the windward side of the island of Molokai. This eel was deified and prayed to by the people of that place, and they never tired telling of the mighty things their god did, one of which was that a big shark came to Wailau and gave it battle, and during the fight the puhi caused a part of the rocky cliff to fall upon the shark, which killed it. A cave was thus formed, with a depth of about five fathoms; and that large opening is there to this day, situate a little above the sea and close to the rocky fort where lived the well known Kapeepeekauila. This puhi then left its own place and came and lived in a cave in the sea near Aleamai, called Kapukaulua, some distance out from the Alau rocks. It came to break and rob the pond that Ku-ula had built and stocked with fish of various kinds and colors, as known to-day.

Ku-ula was much surprised on discovering his pond stock disappearing, so he watched day and night, and at last, about daybreak, he saw a large eel come in through the makai (seaward) wall of the pond. When he saw this he knew that it was the cause of the loss of his fish, and was devising a way to catch and kill it; but on consulting with his wife they decided to leave the matter to their son Aiai, for him to use his own judgment as to the means by which the thief might be captured and killed. When Aiai was told of it he sent word to all the people of Aleamai and Haneoo to make ili hau ropes several lau fathoms in length; and when all was ready a number of the people went out with it in two canoes, one each from the two places, with Aiai-a-Ku-ula in one of them. He put two large stones in his canoe and held in his hands a fisherman’s gourd (hokeo), in which was a large fishhook called manaiaakalani.

When the canoes had proceeded far out he located his position by landmarks; and looking down into the sea, and finding the right place, he told the paddlers to cease paddling. Standing up in the canoe and taking one of the stones in his hands he dived into the sea. Its weight took him down rapidly to the bottom, where he saw a big cave opening right before him, with a number of fishes scurrying about the entrance, such as uluas and other deep sea varieties. Feeling assured thereby that the puhi was within, he arose to the surface and got into his canoe. Resting for a moment, he then opened the gourd and took out the hook manaiaakalani and tied the hau rope to it. He also picked up a long stick and placed at the end of it the hook, baited with a preparation of cocoanut and other substances attractive to fishes. Before taking his second dive he arranged with those on the canoe as to the signs to them of his success. Saying this, he picked up the other stone and dived down again into the sea; then, proceeding to the cave, he placed the hook in it, at the same time murmuring a few incantations in the name of his parents. When he knew that the puhi was hooked he signalled, as planned, to tell those on the canoe of his success. In a short while he came to the surface, and entering the canoe they all returned to shore, trailing the rope behind. He told those in the canoe from Haneoo to paddle thither and to Hamoa, and to tell all the people to pull the puhi; like instructions were given those on the Aleamai canoe for their people. The two canoes set forth on their courses to the landings, keeping in mind Aiai’s instructions, which were duly carried out by the people of the two places; and there were many for the work.

Then Aiai ascended Kaiwiopele Hill and motioned to the people of both places to pull the ropes attached to the hook on the mouth of the puhi. It was said that the Aleamai people won the victory over the much greater number from the other places, by landing the puhi on the pahoehoe stones at Lehoula. The people endeavored to kill the prize, but without success till Aiai came and threw three ala stones at it and killed it. The head was cut off and cooked in the imu (oven). The bones of its jaw, with the mouth wide open, are seen to this day at a place near the shore, washed by the waves,–the rock formation at a short distance having such a resemblance.

Residents of the place state that all ala stones near where the imu was made in which the puhi was baked do not crack when heated, as they do elsewhere, because of the imu heating of that time. It is so even to this day. The backbone (iwi kuamoo) of this puhi is still lying on the pahoehoe where Aiai killed it with the three ala stones,–the rocky formation, about thirty feet in length, exactly resembling the backbone of an eel. The killing of this puhi by Aiai gave him fame among the people of Hana. Its capture was the young lad’s first attempt to follow his father’s vocation, and his knowledge was a surprise to the people.

After this event a man came over from Waiiau, Molokai, who was a kahu (keeper) of the puhi. He dreamed one night that he saw its spirit, which told him that his aumakua (god) had been killed at Hana, so he came to see with his own eyes where this had occurred. Arriving at Wananalua he was befriended by one of the retainers of Kamohoalii, the King of Hana, and lived there a long time serving under him, during which time he learned the story of how the puhi had been caught and killed by Aiai, the son of Ku-ula and Hinapukuia, whereupon he sought to accomplish their death.

Considering a plan of action, he went one day to Ku-ula, without orders, and told him that the King had sent him for fish for the King. Ku-ula gave him but one fish, an ulua, with a warning direction, saying, “Go back to the King and tell him to cut off the head of the fish and cook it in the imu, and the flesh of its body cut up and salt and dry in the sun, for ‘this is Hana the aupehu land; Hana of the scarce fish; the fish Kama; the fish of Lanakila.’ (Eia o Hana la he aina aupehu; o Hana keia i ka ia iki; ka ia o Kama; ka ia o Lanakila).”

When the man returned to the King and gave him the fish, the King asked: “Who gave it to you?” and the man answered:

“Ku-ula.”

Then it came into his head that this was his chance for revenge, so he told the King what Ku-ula had said but not in the same way, saying: “Your head fisherman told me to come back and tell you that your head should be cut from your body and cooked in the imu, and the flesh of your body should be cut up and salted and dried in the sun.”

The King on hearing this message was so angered with Ku-ula, his head fisherman, that he told the man to go and tell all his konohikis (head men of lands with others under them) and people, to go up in the mountains and gather immediately plenty of firewood and place it around Ku-ula’s house, for he and his wife and child should be burned up.

This order of the King was carried out by the konohikis and people of all his lands except those of Aleamai. These latter did not obey this order of the King, for Ku-ula had always lived peaceably among them. There were days when they had no fish, and he had supplied them freely.

When Ku-ula and his wife saw the people of Hana bringing firewood and placing it around the house they knew it foreboded trouble; so Ku-ula went to a place where taro, potatoes, bananas, cane, and some gourds were growing. Seeing three dry gourds on the vine, he asked the owner for them and was told to take them. These he took to his house and discussed with his wife the evil day to come, and told Aiai that their house would be burned and their bodies too, but not to fear death nor trouble himself about it when the people came to shut them in.

After some thinking Ku-ula remembered his giving the ulua to the King’s retainer and felt that he was the party to blame for this action of the King’s people. He had suspected it before, but now felt sure; therefore he turned to his son and said: “Our child, Aiai-a-Ku-ula, if our house is burned, and our bodies too, you must look sharp for the smoke when it goes straight up to the hill of Kaiwiopele. That will be your way out of this trouble, and you must follow it till you find a cave where you will live. You must take this hook called manaiaakalani with you; also this fish-pearl (pa hi aku), called Kahuoi; this shell called lehoula, and this small sandstone from which I got the name they call me, Ku-ula-au-a-Ku-ulakai. It is the progenitor of all the fish in the sea. You will be the one to make all the ku-ulas from this time forth, and have charge also of making all the fishing stations (ko’a lawaia) in the sea throughout the islands. Your name shall be perpetuated and those of your parents also, through all generations to come, and I hereby confer upon you all my power and knowledge. Whenever you desire anything call, or ask, in our names, and we will grant it. We will stand up and go forth from here into the sea and abide there forever; and you, our child, shall live on the land here without worrying about anything that may happen to you. You will have power to punish with death all those who have helped to burn us and our house. Whether it be king or people, they must die; therefore let us calmly await the calamity that is to befall us.”

All these instructions Aiai consented to carry out from first to last, as a dutiful son.

After Ku-ula’s instructions to his son, consequent upon the manifestations of coming trouble, the King’s people came one day and caught them and tied their hands behind their backs, the evil-doer from Molokai being there to aid in executing the cruel orders of Kamohoalii resulting from his deceitful story. Upon being taken into their house Ku-ula was tied to the end post of the ridge pole (pouhana), the wife was tied to the middle post (kai waena) of the house, and the boy, Aiai, was tied to one of the corner posts (pou o manu). Upon fastening them in this manner the people went out of the house and barricaded the doorway with wood, which they then set on fire. Before the fire was lit, the ropes with which the victims were tied dropped off from their hands. Men, women, and children looked on at the burning house with deep pity for those within, and tears were streaming down their cheeks as they remembered the kindness of Ku-ula during all the time they had lived together. They knew not why this family and their house should be burned in this manner.

When the fire was raging all about the house and the flames were consuming everything, Ku-ula and his wife gave their last message to their son and left him. They went right out of the house as quietly as the last breath leaves the body, and none of the people standing there gazing saw where, or how, Ku-ula and his wife came forth out of the house. Aiai was the only one that retained material form. Their bodies were changed by some miraculous power and entered the sea, taking with them all the fish swimming in and around Hana. They also took all sea-mosses, crabs, crawfish, and the various kinds of shellfish along the seashore, even to the opihi-koele at the rocky beach; every edible thing in the sea was taken away. This was the first stroke of Ku-ula’s revenge on the King and the people of Hana who obeyed his mandate; they suffered greatly from the scarcity of fish.

When Ku-ula and his wife were out of the house the three gourds exploded from the heat, one by one, and all those who were gazing at the burning house believed the detonations indicated the bursting of the bodies of Ku-ula, his wife, and child. The flames shot up through the top of the house, and the black smoke hovered above it, then turned toward the front of Kaiwiopele Hill. The people saw Aiai ascend through the flames and walk upon the smoke toward the hill till he came to a small cave that opened to receive and rescue him.

As Aiai left the house it burned fiercely, and, carrying out the instructions of his father he called upon him to destroy by fire all those who had caught and tied them in their burning house. As he finished his appeal he saw the rippling of the wind on the sea and a misty rain coming with it, increasing as it came till it reached Lehoula, which so increased the blazing of the fire that the flames reached out into the crowd of people for those who had obeyed the King. The man from Molokai, who was the cause of the trouble, was reached also and consumed by the fire, and the charred bodies were left to show to the people the second stroke of Ku-ula’s vengeance. Strange to say, all those who had nothing to do with this cruel act, though closer to the burning house, were uninjured; the tongues of fire reached out only for the guilty ones. In a little while but a few smouldering logs and ashes were all that remained of the house of Ku-ula. Owing to this strange action of the fire some of the people doubted the death of Ku-ula and his wife, and much disputation arose among them on the subject.

When Aiai walked out through the flames and smoke and reached the cave, he stayed there through that night till the next morning, then, leaving his hook, pearl shell, and stone there, he went forth till he came to the road at Puilio, where he met several children amusing themselves by shooting arrows, one of whom made friends with him and asked him to his house. Aiai accepted the invitation, and the boy and his parents treating him well, he remained with them for some days.

While Aiai was living in their house the parents of the boy heard of the King’s order for all the people of Hana to go fishing for hinalea. The people obeyed the royal order, but when they went down to the shore with their fishing baskets they looked around for the usual bait (ueue), which was to be pounded up and put into the baskets, but they could not find any, nor any other material to be so used, neither could they see any fish swimming around in the sea. “Why?” was the question. Because Ku-ula and his wife had taken with them all the fish and everything pertaining to fishing. Finding no bait they pounded up limestone and placed it in the baskets and swam out and set them in the sea. They watched and waited all day, but in vain, for not a single hinalea was seen, nor did any enter the baskets. When night came they went back empty-handed and came down again the next day only to meet the same luck. The parents of the boy who had befriended Aiai were in this fishing party, in obedience to the King’s orders, but they got nothing for their trouble. Aiai, seeing them go down daily to Haneoo, asked concerning it, and was told everything; so he bade his friend come with him to the cave where he had stayed after his father’s house was burned. Arriving there he showed the stone fish god, Pohaku-muone, and said: “We can get fish up here from this stone without much work or trouble.”

Then Aiai picked up the stone and they went down to Lehoula, and setting it down at a point facing the pond which his father had made he repeated these words: “O Ku-ula, my father; O Hina, my mother, I place this stone here in your name, Ku-ula, which action will make your name famous and mine too, your son; the keeping of this ku-ula stone I give to my friend, and he and his offspring hereafter will do and act in all things pertaining to it in our names.”

After saying these words he told his friend his duties and all things to be observed relative to the stone and the benefits to be derived therefrom as an influencing power over such variety of fish as he desired. This was the first establishment of the ko’a ku-ula on land,–a place where the fisherman was obliged to make his offering of the first of his catch by taking two fishes and placing them on the ku-ula stone as an offering to Ku-ula. Thus Aiai first put in practice the fishing oblations established by his father at the place of his birth, in his youth, but it was accomplished only through the mana kupua of his parents.

When Aiai had finished calling on his parents and instructing his friend, there were seen several persons walking along the Haneoo beach with their fishing baskets and setting them in the sea, but catching nothing. At Aiai’s suggestion he and his friend went over to witness this fishing effort. When they reached the fishers Aiai asked them, “What are those things placed there for?”

They answered, “Those are baskets for catching hinaleas, a fish that our King, Kamohoalii, longs for, but we cannot get bait to catch the fish with.”

“Why is it so?” asked Aiai.

And they answered, “Because Ku-ula and his family are dead, and all the fish along the beach of Hana are taken away.”

Then Aiai asked them for two baskets. Having received them, he bade his friend take them and follow him. They went to a little pool near the beach, and setting the baskets therein, he called on his parents for hinaleas. As soon as he had finished, the fish were seen coming in such numbers as to fill the pool, and still they came. Aiai now told his friend to go and fetch his parents and relatives to get fish, and to bring baskets with which to take home a supply; they should have the first pick, and the owners of the baskets should have the next chance. The messenger went with haste and brought his relatives as directed. Aiai then took two fishes and gave them to his friend to place on the ko’a they had established at Lehoula for the ku-ula. He also told him that before the setting of the sun of that day they would hear that King Kamohoalii of Hana was dead, choked and strangled to death by the fish. These prophetic words of Aiai came true.

After Aiai had made his offering, his friend’s parents came to where the fish were gathering and were told to take all they desired, which they did, returning home happy for the liberal supply obtained without trouble. The owners of the baskets were then called and told to take all the fish they wished for themselves and for the King. When these people saw the great supply they were glad and much surprised at the success of these two boys. The news of the reappearing of the fish spread through the district, and the people flocked in great numbers and gathered hinaleas to their satisfaction, and returned to their homes with rejoicing. Some of those who gave Aiai the baskets returned with their bundles of fish to the King. When he saw so many of those he had longed for he became so excited that he reached out and picked one up and put it in his mouth, intending to eat it; but instead the fish slipped right into his throat and stuck there. Many tried to reach and take it out, but were unable, and before the sun set that day Kamohoalii, the King of Hana, died, being choked and strangled to death by the fish. Thus the words of Aiai, the son of Ku-ula, proved true.

By the death of the King of Hana the revenge was complete. The evil-doer from Molokai, and those who obeyed the King’s orders on the day Ku-ula’s house was fired, met retribution, and Aiai thus won a victory over all his father’s enemies.

After living for a time at Hana Aiai left that place and went among the different islands of the group establishing fishing ko’as (ko’a aina aumakua). He was the first to measure the depth of the sea to locate these fishing ko’as for the deep sea fishermen who go out in their canoes, and the names of many of these ko’as located around the different islands are well known.


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Elephant and Tortoise

Elephant and Rain dispute their importance, leading to Rain leaving. With water scarce, Elephant assigns Tortoise to guard the last lagoon. Various animals ask for water, but Tortoise refuses, citing Elephant’s ownership. Lion forces Tortoise and drinks, enabling all animals to drink. Elephant returns, swallows Tortoise in anger, but Tortoise destroys his organs from within, killing Elephant and emerging unharmed.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The initial dispute between Elephant and Rain highlights the tension between living beings and natural forces, emphasizing the dependence of creatures on environmental elements.

Sacrifice: Tortoise risks his own life by allowing himself to be swallowed by Elephant, a self-endangering act that ultimately leads to the liberation of water resources for all animals.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons on the importance of resource sharing and the perils of hoarding essential commodities, illustrating that communal well-being surpasses individual ownership.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Two powers, Elephant and Rain, had a dispute. Elephant said, “If you say that you nourish me, in what way is it that you say so?” Rain answered, “If you say that I do not nourish you, when I go away, will you not die?” And Rain then departed.

Elephant said, “Vulture! cast lots to make rain for me.” Vulture said, “I will not cast lots.” Then Elephant said to Crow, “Cast lots!” who answered, “Give the things with which I may cast lots.” Crow cast lots and rain fell. It rained at the lagoons, but they dried up, and only one lagoon remained.

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Elephant went a-hunting. There was, however, Tortoise, to whom Elephant said, “Tortoise, remain at the water!” Thus Tortoise was left behind when Elephant went a-hunting.

There came Giraffe, and said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise answered, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Zebra, who said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise answered, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Gemsbok, and said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise answered, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Wildebeest, and said, “Give me water!” Tortoise said, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Roodebok, and said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise answered, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Springbok, and said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise said, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Jackal, and said to Tortoise, “Give me water!” Tortoise said, “The water belongs to Elephant.”

There came Lion, and said, “Little Tortoise, give me water!” When little Tortoise was about to say something, Lion got hold of him and beat him; Lion drank of the water, and since then the animals drink water.

When Elephant came back from the hunting, he said, “Little Tortoise, is there water?” Tortoise answered, “The animals have drunk the water.” Elephant asked, “Little Tortoise, shall I chew you or swallow you down?” Little Tortoise said, “Swallow me, if you please!” and Elephant swallowed him whole.

After Elephant had swallowed Little Tortoise, and he had entered his body, he tore off his liver, heart, and kidneys. Elephant said, “Little Tortoise, you kill me.”

So Elephant died; but little Tortoise came out of his dead body, and went wherever he liked.

Another version

Giraffe and Tortoise, they say, met one day. Giraffe said to Tortoise, “At once I could trample you to death.” Tortoise, being afraid, remained silent. Then Giraffe said, “At once I could swallow you.” Tortoise said, in answer to this, “Well, I just belong to the family of those whom it has always been customary to swallow.” Then Giraffe swallowed Tortoise; but when the latter was being gulped down, he stuck in Giraffe’s throat, and as the latter could not get it down, he was choked to death.

When Giraffe was dead, Tortoise crawled out and went to Crab (who is considered as the mother of Tortoise), and told her what had happened. Then Crab said:

“The little Crab! I could sprinkle it under its arm with Boochoo,
[in token of approval, according to a Hottentot custom]
The crooked-legged little one, I could sprinkle under its arm.”

Tortoise answered its mother and said:

“Have you not always sprinkled me,
That you want to sprinkle me now?”

Then they went and fed for a whole year on the remains of Giraffe.


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Ouyan the Curlew

Ouyan, a man pressured by his mother, Beeargah, to hunt for food, resorts to cutting flesh from his own legs to avoid returning empty-handed. His deception is uncovered by women sent to follow him. Enraged, Beeargah and the women beat Ouyan, cursing him to forever have thin, red legs. Ouyan disappears, but a bird with red legs, crying mournfully, becomes his legacy.

Source
Australian Legendary Tales
collected by Mrs. K. Langloh Parker
London & Melbourne, 1896


► Themes of the story

Sacrifice: Ouyan endures self-inflicted pain by cutting flesh from his own legs to provide food for his family, highlighting the lengths one might go to fulfill familial duties.

Cunning and Deception: Ouyan deceives his mother and the women by presenting his own flesh as emu meat, leading to eventual discovery and consequences.

Divine Punishment: Upon uncovering the truth, Ouyan’s mother and the women curse him, resulting in his transformation into a bird with thin, red legs, symbolizing a form of retribution.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Aboriginal Australians


Bleargah the hawk, mother of Ouyan the curlew, said one day to her son: “Go, Ouyan, out, take your spears and kill an emu. The women and I are hungry. You are a man, go out and kill, that we may eat. You must not stay always in the camp like an old woman; you must go and hunt as other men do, lest the women laugh at you.”

Ouyan took his spears and went out hunting, but though he went far, he could not get an emu, yet he dare not return to the camp and face the jeers of the women.

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Well could they jeer, and angry could his mother grow when she was hungry. Sooner than return empty-handed he would cut some flesh off his own legs. And this he decided to do. He made a cut in his leg with his comebo and as he made it, cried aloud: “Yuckay! Yuckay,” in pain. But he cut on, saying: “Sharper would cut the tongues of the women, and deeper would be the wounds they would make, if I returned without food for them.” And crying: “Yuckay, yuckay,” at each stroke of his comebo, he at length cut off a piece of flesh, and started towards the camp with it.

As he neared the camp his mother cried out: “What have you brought us, Ouyan? We starve for meat, come quickly.”

He came and laid the flesh at her feet, saying: “Far did I go, and little did I see, but there is enough for all to-night; to-morrow will I go forth again.”

The women cooked the flesh, and ate it hungrily. Afterwards they felt quite ill, but thought it must be because they had eaten too hungrily. The next day they hurried Ouyan forth again. And again he returned bringing his own flesh back. Again the women ate hungrily of it, and again they felt quite ill.

Then, too, Beeargah noticed for the first time that the flesh Ouyan brought looked different from emu flesh. She asked him what flesh it was. He replied: “What should it be but the flesh of emu?”

But Beeargah was not satisfied, and she said to the two women who lived with her: “Go you, to-morrow, follow Ouyan, and see whence he gets this flesh.”

The next day, the two woman followed Ouyan when he went forth to hunt. They followed at a good distance, that he might not notice that they were following. Soon they heard him crying as if in pain: “Yuckay, yuckay, yuckay nurroo gay gay.” When they came near they saw he was cutting the flesh off his own limbs. Before he discovered that they were watching him, back they went to the old woman, and told her what they had seen.

Soon Ouyan came back, bringing, as usual, the flesh with him. When he had thrown it down at his mother’s feet, he went away, and lay down as if tired from the chase. His mother went up to him, and before he had time to cover his mutilated limbs, she saw that indeed the story of the women was true. Angry was she that he had so deceived her: and she called loudly for the other two women, who came running to her.

“You are right,” she said. “Too lazy to hunt for emu, he cut off his own flesh, not caring that when we unwittingly ate thereof we should sicken. Let us beat him who did us this wrong.”

The three women seized poor Ouyan and beat him, though he cried aloud in agony when the blows fell on his bleeding legs.

When the women had satisfied their vengeance, Beeargah said: “You Ouyan shall have no more flesh on your legs, and red shall they be for ever; red, and long and fleshless.” Saying which she went, and with her the other women. Ouyan crawled away and hid himself, and never again did his mother see him. But night after night was to be heard a wailing cry of, “Bou you gwai gwai. Bou you gwai gwai,” which meant, “My poor red legs. My poor red legs.”

But though Ouyan the man was never seen again, a bird with long thin legs, very red in colour under the feathers, was seen often, and heard to cry ever at night, even as Ouyan the man had cried: “Bou you gwai gwai. Bou you gwai gwai.” And this bird bears always the name of Ouyan.


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Story of transformed bears

A male and female bear cross a river, but the female drowns. The male mourns and leads a Christian hunter to her body. The hunter skins her leg and finds a gold ring with initials. The bear asks the hunter to bury them together, revealing their human past as lovers. The man reluctantly kills the bear and buries them both.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The narrative reveals that the bears were once human lovers who, for unknown reasons, became unable to revert to their human forms, embodying a literal transformation from human to animal.

Sacrifice: The male bear’s insistence on being killed and buried alongside his companion demonstrates a profound act of sacrifice, choosing death to reunite with his beloved.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts reflections on love, loss, and the consequences of actions that lead to irreversible changes, encouraging contemplation of human relationships and choices.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


Told by John Sukhomyasoff, a Russian creole, clerk of the church, in the village of Nishne-Kolymsk, the Kolyma country, summer of 1896.

Two bears, male and female, swam across a large river. The current was so strong that it caught them and carried them on. The male bear succeeded in getting ashore, but the female was drowned. The male bear waited on shore for the body, and then dragged it up to a safe place. A Christian hunter was wandering about there. In the evening he stopped for the night, made a fire, and prepared some tea. All at once he saw a large male bear coming toward him. He caught up his bow; but in the bright light of the fire he saw that the bear was weeping like a man, so he laid down his bow and waited to see what would happen. The bear lay down near the fire and did not move. Early in the morning, with the first gray light of dawn, the bear arose and approached the man. He tugged at him with his paw, and nudged him, wanting him to get up. Then with his head and muzzle he indicated the direction in which he wanted him to go. The man was afraid, but at last obeyed the bear.

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They came to the river. The body of the female bear was up on shore, hidden in some moss. The bear pulled it out of the moss up to the middle of the breast, and then looked up at the man. He pushed her right foreleg upward with his muzzle and in every possible way tried to explain his desire. At last the man understood that the bear wanted him to skin this leg. He took off the skin, and on the second finger of the paw, under the skin, was a gold ring with engraved initials on a seal. The bear ordered him to take off the ring and put it on his own finger. After that the bear dug a hole in the ground. It looked like a grave and the man helped him. The two worked together. The man dug with his ax and the bear with his mighty claws. When the grave was ready, the bear brought a number of tree trunks and arranged a framework within the grave. Then he lay down before the man, breast upward. He roared most piteously and stretched out his paws. He wanted the man to kill him and to bury them both in the same grave. He showed likewise with his paws that he wanted to have his breast bared. The man refused at first; but the bear was so insistent, that he gave in and stabbed him with his knife. He ripped up the skin of his breast, and saw a gold crucifix fastened to a thin silver chain, finely wrought. He took this off, and then buried both bears in the same grave. The name of the male bear was engraved on the chain. They were two lovers of the merchant class who used to meet in the form of bears; but one time, for some unknown reason, they were unable to assume human form again.

That is all.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page