Alasuq and the giant

In Saglek Bay, a giant tyrant bullied villagers until they cunningly killed him. Meanwhile, Alasuq, a strong and well-loved dwarf, lived with his mother. When the giant challenged the hunters to a kayak race, only Alasuq dared to compete. Using an oversized paddle, he easily won, earning respect. A similar tale exists among the Baffin Island Eskimo, featuring a strong dwarf triumphing over taunts.

Source: 
The Labrador Eskimo 
by E.W. Hawkes 
[Canada, Department of Mines] 
Geological Survey, Memoir 91 
Anthropological Series no. 14 
Ottawa, 1916


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The villagers cunningly deceive the tyrannical giant into allowing himself to be bound, leading to his demise.

Cultural Heroes: Alasuq, despite his small stature, demonstrates remarkable strength and bravery by accepting the giant’s challenge, ultimately earning the respect and admiration of his community.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative portrays the struggle between the oppressive giant (evil) and the courageous villagers and Alasuq (good), culminating in the triumph of good over evil.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


A long time ago there lived in Saglek bay a giant who played the tyrant over the people there. He would do no work, but stole seals from the hunters. They did not dare to show their resentment because he was so big and strong. Finally they killed him by getting him to allow himself to be bound.

In the same village there lived a dwarf named Alasuq. He lived alone with his mother. His father had died when he was young, and he had supported his mother ever since, like a man. Although he was so small, he was very strong. He was a jolly little fellow and well liked by all the people.

► Continue reading…

One day the giant, who was always boasting what he could do and frightening the hunters, challenged them to a kayak race around an island in the bay. None of them dared to accept, but little Alasuq said he would try him. Everyone laughed at him, but it did not turn him from his purpose.

He laid aside his usual paddle, and made himself an enormously large one, larger even than the giant’s. It had holes in the middle for hand grips.

When he came out to race, all the people remarked about it, particularly the giant, who made fun of the little man and his big paddle.

But when they started, no one laughed any more. The little fellow handled his paddle so strongly that he would have broken an ordinary paddle. He quickly outdistanced the giant. When he was rounding the island, long before he came in sight, the people could hear his kayak, shish, cleaving the water. The giant was badly beaten, but took it goodnaturedly, as, of course, he had to, having challenged the hunters.

The little dwarf lived for a long time afterwards, and was always much respected by the people.

The Baffin Island Eskimo of Cumberland sound have a tale of a dwarf who was very strong and a great kayaker. He defeats two young men who had taunted him on account of his small size.


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Atdlarneq, the great glutton

Atdlarneq, a skilled hunter, was lured to a mysterious house near a cape, where he encountered three women dressed in yellow. They welcomed him, but their “master” soon arrived—Copper-cheeks, a fearsome figure. Forced to eat an immense amount of food under threat of violence, Atdlarneq cleverly survived by swallowing a grass stalk beforehand. Shaken by the experience, he never ventured southward again.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Atdlarneq uses cunning to survive the ordeal with Copper-cheeks, demonstrating the classic trickster’s reliance on wit.

Mythical Creatures: Copper-cheeks, with his supernatural attributes and formidable nature, represents a being that transcends ordinary human experience.

Trials and Tribulations: Atdlarneq endures the challenge of consuming an immense amount of food under threat, representing a test of endurance and cleverness.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


This is told of Atdlarneq: that he was a strong man, and if he rowed but a little way out in his kayak, he caught a seal. On no day did he fail to make a catch, and he was never content with only one.

But one day when he should have been out hunting seal, he only paddled along close to the shore, making towards the south. On the way he sighted a cape, and made towards it; and when he could see the sunny side, he spied a little house, quite near.

► Continue reading…

He thought: “I must wait until some one comes out.”

And while he lay there, with his paddle touching the shore, a woman came out; she had a yellow band round her hair, and yellow seams to all her clothes.

Now he would have gone on shore, but he thought:

“I had better wait until another one comes out.” And as he thought this, there came another woman out of the house. And like the first, she also had a yellow hair band, and yellow seams to all her clothes.

And he did not go on shore, but thought again: “I can wait for just one more.”

And truly enough, there came yet another one, quite like the others. And like them also, she bore a dish in her hand. And now at last he went on shore and hauled up his kayak.

He went into the house, and they all received him very kindly. And they brought great quantities of food and set before him.

At last the evening came.

And now those three women began to go outside again and again. And at last Atdlarneq asked: “Why do you keep going out like that?”

When he asked them this, all answered at once: “It is because we now expect our dear master home.”

When he heard this, he was afraid, and hid himself behind the skin hangings. And he had hardly crawled in there when that master came home; Atdlarneq looked through a little hole, and saw him.

And his cheeks were made of copper. [There is a fabulous being in Eskimo folklore supposed to have cheeks of copper, with which he can deliver terrible blows by a side movement of the head. Naughty children are frequently threatened with “Copper-cheeks” as a kind of bogey.]

He had but just sat down, when he began to sniff, and said: “Hum! There is a smell of people here.”

And now Atdlarneq crawled out, seeing that the other had already smelt him. He had hardly shown himself, when the other asked very eagerly: “Has he had nothing to eat yet?” — “No, he has not yet eaten.” — “Then bring food at once.”

And then they brought in a sack full of fish, and a big piece of blubber from the half of a black seal. And then the man said violently: “You are to eat this all up, and if you do not eat it all up, I will thrash you with my copper cheeks!”

And now Atdlarneq began eagerly chewing blubber with his fish; he chewed and chewed, and at last he had eaten it all up. Then he went to the water bucket, and lifted it to his mouth and drank, and drank it all to the last drop.

Hardly had he done this when the man said: “And now the frozen meat.”

And they brought in the half of a black seal. And Atdlarneq ate and ate until there was no more left, save a very little piece.

When the man saw there was some not eaten, he cried out violently again: “Give him some more to eat.”

And when Atdlarneq had eaten again for a while, he did not wish to eat more. But then they brought in a whole black seal. And the man set that also before him, and cried: “Eat that up too.”

And so Atdlarneq was forced to stuff himself mightily once more. He ate and ate, and at last he had eaten it all up. And again he emptied the water bucket.

After all that he felt very well indeed, and seemed hardly to have eaten until now. But that was because he had swallowed a little stalk of grass before he began.

So Atdlarneq slept, and next morning he went back home again. But after having thus nearly gorged himself to death, he never went southward again.


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Qasiagssaq, the great liar

The story of Qasiagssaq, a notorious liar, recounts his deceitful acts and eventual demise. Despite repeatedly failing as a hunter, he resorts to theft, lies, and manipulation, embarrassing his wife and angering his fellow villagers. His deceit escalates with exaggerated claims and trickery, culminating in his leading the community on a futile whale hunt. Overwhelmed by his falsehoods, they ultimately kill him, ending his troubling legacy.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Qasiagssaq embodies the trickster archetype, using deceit and manipulation to achieve his ends, such as stealing a fellow villager’s seal and fabricating stories to cover his failures.

Cunning and Deception: The narrative centers on Qasiagssaq’s continuous lies and schemes, highlighting the consequences of deceit within a community.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts a cautionary message about the perils of dishonesty and the eventual downfall that befalls those who engage in deceitful behavior.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


Qasiagssaq, men say, was a great liar. His wife was called Qigdlugsuk. He could never sleep well at night, and being sleepless, he always woke his fellow-villagers when they were to go out hunting in the morning. But he never brought home anything himself.

One day when he had been out as usual in his kayak, without even sight of a seal, he said: “It is no use my trying to be a hunter, for I never catch anything. I may as well make up some lie or other.”

► Continue reading…

And at the same moment he noticed that one of his fellow-villagers was towing a big black seal over to an island, to land it there before going out for more. When that seal had been brought to land, Qasiagssaq rowed round behind the man, and stole it, and towed it back home.

His wife was looking out for him, going outside every now and then to look if he were in sight. And thus it was that coming out, she caught sight of a kayak coming in with something in tow. She shaded her eyes with both hands, one above the other, and looked through between them, gazing eagerly to try if she could make out who it was. The kayak with its seal in tow came rowing in, and she kept going out to look, and at last, when she came out as usual, she could see that it was really and truly Qasiagssaq, coming home with his catch in tow.

“Here is Qasiagssaq has made a catch,” cried his fellow-villagers. And when he came in, they saw that he had a great black seal in tow, with deep black markings all over the body. And the tow-line was thick with trappings of the finest narwhal tusk.

“Where did you get that tow-line?” they asked.

“I have had it a long time,” he answered, “but have never used it before today.”

After they had hauled the seal to land, his wife cut out the belly part, and when that was done, she shared out so much blubber and meat to the others that there was hardly anything left for themselves. And then she set about cooking a meal, with a shoulder-blade for a lamp, and another for a pot. And every time a kayak came in, they told the newcomer that Qasiagssaq had got a big black seal.

At last there was but one kayak still out, and when that one came in, they told him the same thing: “Qasiagssaq has actually got a big seal.”

But this last man said when they told him: “I got a big black seal today, and hauled it up on an island. But when I went back to fetch it, it was gone.”

The others said again: “The tow-line which Qasiagssaq was using today was furnished with toggles of pure narwhal tusk.”

Later in the evening, Qasiagssaq heard a voice calling in at the window: “You, Qasiagssaq, I have come to ask if you will give back that tow-line.”

Qasiagssaq sprang up and said: “Here it is; you may take it back now.”

But his wife, who was beside him, said: “When Qasiagssaq does such things, one cannot but feel shame for him.”

“Hrrrr!” said Qasiagssaq to his wife, as if to frighten her. And after that he went about as if nothing had happened.

One day when he was out in his kayak as usual, he said: “What is the use of my being out here, I who never catch anything?”

And he rowed in towards land. When he reached the shore, he took off his breeches, and sat down on the ground, laying one knee across a stone. Then he took another stone to serve as a hammer, and with that he hammered both his knee-caps until they were altogether smashed.

And there he lay. He lay there for a long time, but at last he got up and went down to his kayak, and now he could only walk with little and painful steps. And when he came down to his kayak, he hammered and battered at that, until all the woodwork was broken to pieces. And then, getting into it, he piled up a lot of fragments of iceberg upon it, and even placed some inside his clothes, which were of ravens’ skin. And so he rowed home.

But all this while two women had been standing watching him.

His wife was looking out for him as usual, shading her eyes with her hands, and when at last she caught sight of his kayak, and it came nearer, she could see that it was Qasiagssaq, rowing very slowly. And when then he reached the land, she said: “What has happened to you now?”

“An iceberg calved.”

And seeing her husband come home in such a case, his wife said to the others: “An iceberg has calved right on top of Qasiagssaq, so that he barely escaped alive.”

But when the women who had watched him came home, they said: “We saw him today; he rowed in to land, and took off his breeches and hammered at his knee-caps with a stone; then he went down to his kayak and battered it to bits, and when that was done, he filled his kayak with ice, and even put ice inside his clothing.”

But when his wife heard this, she said to him: “When Qasiagssaq does such things, one cannot but feel shame for him.”

“Hrrrr!” said Qasiagssaq, as if to frighten her.

After that he lay still for a long while, waiting for his knees to heal, and when at last his knees were well again, he began once more to go out in his kayak, always without catching anything, as usual. And when he had thus been out one day as usual, without catching anything, he said to himself again: “What is the use of my staying out here?”

And he rowed in to land. There he found a long stone, laid it on his kayak, and rowed out again. And when he came in sight of other kayaks that lay waiting for seal, he stopped still, took out his two small bladder floats made from the belly of a seal, tied the harpoon line to the stone in his kayak, and when that was done, he rowed away as fast as he could, while the kayaks that were waiting looked on. Then he disappeared from sight behind an iceberg, and when he came round on the other side, his bladder float was gone, and he himself was rowing as fast as he could towards land. His wife, who was looking out for him as usual, shading her eyes with her hands, said then: “But what has happened to Qasiagssaq?”

As soon as a voice could reach the land, Qasiagssaq cried: “Now you need not be afraid of breaking the handles of your knives; I have struck a great walrus, and it has gone down under water with my two small bladder floats. One or another of those who are out after seal will be sure to find it.”

He himself remained altogether idle, and having come into his house, did not go out again. And as the kayaks began to come in, others went down to the shore and told them the news: “Qasiagssaq has struck a walrus.”

And this they said to all the kayaks as they came home, but as usual, there was one of them that remained out a long time, and when at last he came back, late in the evening, they told him the same thing: “Qasiagssaq, it is said, has struck a walrus.”

“That I do not believe, for here are his bladder floats; they had been tied to a stone, and the knot had worked loose.”

Then they brought those bladder floats to Qasiagssaq and said: “Here are your bladder floats; they were fastened to a stone, but the knot worked loose.”

“When Qasiagssaq does such things, one cannot but feel shame for him,” said his wife as usual.

“Hrrrr!” said Qasiagssaq, to frighten her.

And after that Qasiagssaq went about as if nothing had happened.

One day he was out in his kayak as usual at a place where there was much ice; here he caught sight of a speckled seal, which had crawled up on to a piece of the ice. He rowed up to it, taking it unawares, and lifted his harpoon ready to throw, but just as he was about to throw, he looked at the point, and then he laid the harpoon down again, saying to himself: “Would it not be a pity, now, for that skin, which is to be used to make breeches for my wife, to be pierced with holes by the point of a harpoon?”

So he lay alongside the piece of ice, and began whistling to that seal [speckled seal may often be caught in this fashion]. And he was just about to grasp hold of it when the seal went down. But he watched it carefully, and when it came up again, he rowed over to it once more. He lifted his harpoon and was just about to throw, when again he caught sight of the point, and said to himself: “Would it not be a pity if that skin, which is to make breeches for my wife, should be pierced with holes by the harpoon?” And again he cried out to try and frighten the seal, and down it went again, and did not come up any more.

Once he heard that there lived an old couple in another village, who had lost their child. So Qasiagssaq went off there on a visit. He came to their place, and went into the house, and there sat the old couple mourning. Then he asked the others of the house in a low voice: “What is the trouble here?”

“They are mourning,” he was told.

“What for?” he asked.

“They have lost a child; their little daughter died the other day.”

“What was her name?”

“Nipisartangivaq,” they said.

Then Qasiagssaq cleared his throat and said in a loud voice: “Today my little daughter Nipisartangivaq is doubtless crying at her mother’s side as usual.”

Hardly had he said this when the mourners looked up eagerly, and cried: “Ah, how grateful we are to you! [The souls of the dead are supposed to be born again in the body of one named after them.] Now your little daughter can have all her things.”

And they gave him beads, and the little girl’s mother said: “I have nothing to give you by way of thanks, but you shall have my cooking pot.”

And when he was setting out again for home, they gave him great quantities of food to take home to his little girl. But when he came back to his own place, his fellow-villagers asked: “Wherever did you get all this?”

“An umiak started out on a journey, and the people in it were hurried and forgetful. Here are some things which they left behind.”

Towards evening a number of kayaks came in sight; it was people coming on a visit, and they had all brought meat with them. When they came in, they said: “Tell Qasiagssaq and his wife to come down and fetch up this meat for their little girl.”

“Qasiagssaq and his wife have no children; we know Qasiagssaq well, and his wife is childless.”

When the strangers heard this, they would not even land at the place, but simply said: “Then tell them to give us back the beads and the cooking pot.”

And those things were brought, and given back to them.

Then Qasiagssaq’s wife said as usual: “Now you have lied again. When you do such things, one cannot but feel shame for you.”

“Hrrrr!” said Qasiagssaq, to frighten her, and went on as if nothing had happened.

Now it is said that Qasiagssaq’s wife Qigdlugsuk had a mother who lived in another village, and had a son whose name was Ernilik. One day Qasiagssaq set out to visit them. He came to their place, and when he entered into the house, it was quite dark, because they had no blubber for their lamp, and the little child was crying, because it had nothing to eat. Qasiagssaq cleared his throat loudly and said: “What is the matter with him?”

“He is hungry, as usual,” said the mother.

Then said Qasiagssaq: “How foolish I was not to take so much as a little blubber with me. Over in our village, seals are daily thrown away. You must come back with me to our place.”

Next morning they set off together. When they reached the place, Qasiagssaq hurried up with the harpoon line in his hand, before his wife’s mother had landed. And all she saw was that there was much carrion of ravens on Qasiagssaq’s rubbish heap. Suddenly Qasiagssaq cried out: “Ah! One of them has got away again!”

He had caught a raven in his snare. His wife cooked it, and their lamp was a shoulder-blade, and another shoulder-blade was their cooking pot, and when that meat was cooked, Qigdlugsuk’s mother was given raven’s meat to eat. Afterwards she was well fed by the other villagers there, and next morning when she was setting out to go home, they all gave her meat to take with her; all save Qasiagssaq, who gave her nothing.

And time went on, and once he was out as usual in his kayak, and when he came home in the evening, he said: “I have found a dead whale; tomorrow we must all go out in the umiak and cut it up.”

Next day many umiaks and kayaks set out to the eastward, and when they had rowed a long way in, they asked: “Where is it?”

“Over there, beyond that little ness,” he said.

And they rowed over there, and when they reached the place, there was nothing to be seen. So they asked again: “Where is it?”

“Over there, beyond that little ness.”

And they rowed over there, but when they reached the place, there was nothing to be seen. And again they asked: “Where is it? Where is it?”

“Up there, beyond the little ness.”

And again they reached the place and rowed round it, and there was nothing to be seen.

Then the others said: “Qasiagssaq is lying as usual. Let us kill him.”

But he answered: “Wait a little; let us first make sure that it is a lie, and if you do not see it, you may kill me.”

And again they asked: “Where is it?”

“Yes… where was it now… over there beyond that little ness.”

And now they had almost reached the base of that great fjord, and again they rounded a little ness farther in, and there was nothing to be seen. Therefore they said: “He is only trouble to us all: let us kill him.”

And at last they did as they had said, and killed him.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The man who avenged the widows

In ancient times, skilled kayakers braved calmer seas. A great sickness wiped out elders, leading to the loss of kayak-building knowledge. Angusinanguaq, a man envied for his beautiful wife, was abandoned on an island by jealous hunters. As a powerful wizard, he magically returned, ensuring his safety. Later, he avenged his village by defeating fierce islanders, earning gratitude from the widows of slain hunters.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Angusinanguaq, a powerful wizard, uses his cunning and magical abilities to outsmart those who abandoned him, showcasing the classic trickster archetype.

Revenge and Justice: The narrative centers on Angusinanguaq’s quest to avenge the wrongs done to him and his fellow villagers, highlighting themes of retribution and the restoration of order.

Supernatural Beings: Angusinanguaq’s wizardry and his ability to perform magical feats play a significant role in the story, emphasizing interactions with supernatural elements.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


This was in the old days, in those times when men were yet skilful rowers in kayaks. You know that there once came a great sickness which carried off all the older men, and the young men who were left alive did not know how to build kayaks, and thus it came about that the manner of hunting in kayaks was long forgotten. But our forefathers were so skilful, that they would cross seas which we no longer dare to venture over. The weather also was in those times less violent than now; the winds came less suddenly, and it is said that the sea was never so rough.

► Continue reading…

In those times, there lived a man at Kangarssuk whose name was Angusinanguaq, and he had a very beautiful wife, wherefore all men envied him. And one day, when they were setting out to hunt eider duck on the islands, the other men took counsel, and agreed to leave Angusinanguaq behind on a little lonely island there.

And so they sailed out to those islands, which lie far out at sea, and there they caught eider duck in snares, and gathered eggs, and were soon ready to turn homeward again.

Then they pushed out from the land, without waiting for Angusinanguaq, who was up looking to his snares, and they took his kayak in tow, that he might never more be able to leave that island.

And now they hastened over towards the mainland. And the way was long. But when they came in sight of the tents, they saw a man going from one tent to another, visiting the women whom they left behind at that place. They rowed faster, and came nearer. All the men of that place had gone out together for that hunting, and they could not guess who it might be that was now visiting among the tents.

Then an old man who was steering the boat shaded his eyes with his hand and looked over towards land.

“The man is Angusinanguaq,” he said.

And now it was revealed that Angusinanguaq was a great wizard. When the umiaks had left, and he could not find his kayak, he had wound his body about with strips of hide, bending it into a curve, and then, as is the way of wizards, gathered magic power wherewith to move through the air.

And thus he had come back to that place, long before those who had sought his death.

And from that day onwards, none ever planned again to take his wife. And it was well for them that they left him in peace.

For at that time, people were many, and there were people in all the lands round about. Out on the islands also there were people, and these were a fierce folk whom none might come near. Moreover when a kayak from the mainland came near their village, they would call down a fog upon him, so that he could not see, and in this manner cause him to perish.

But now one day Angusinanguaq planned to avenge his fellow-villagers. He rowed out to those unapproachable ones, and took them by surprise, being a great wizard, and killed many of the men, and cut off their heads and piled them up on the side bench. And having completed his revenge, he rowed away.

There was great joy among the widows of all those dead hunters when they learned that Angusinanguaq had avenged their husbands. And they went into his hut one by one and thanked him.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

How the fog came

A cunning man feigned death to expose a Mountain Spirit that stole corpses. Using a hidden stone for protection, he endured a treacherous journey to the Spirit’s lair. After killing the Spirit and its children, he fled, raising hills and flooding a stream to escape the pursuing wife. Tricked into bursting her belly, she transformed into the mist that lingers in the hills today.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The protagonist employs cunning and deception to outsmart the Mountain Spirit, feigning death and using clever tactics to survive and ultimately defeat the Spirit.

Transformation: The narrative culminates in the transformation of the Mountain Spirit’s wife into fog, explaining the natural phenomenon of mist in the hills.

Origin of Things: This tale provides an explanation for the presence of fog in the hills, attributing it to the events involving the Mountain Spirit and his wife.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


There was a Mountain Spirit, which stole corpses from their graves and ate them when it came home. And a man, wishing to see who did this thing, let himself be buried alive. The Spirit came, and saw the new grave, and dug up the body, and carried it off. The man had stuck a flat stone in under his coat, in case the Spirit should try to stab him.

On the way, he caught hold of all the willow twigs whenever they passed any bushes, and made himself as heavy as he could, so that the Spirit was forced to put forth all its strength.

► Continue reading…

At last the Spirit reached its house, and flung down the body on the floor. And then, being weary, it lay down to sleep, while its wife went out to gather wood for the cooking.

“Father, father, he is opening his eyes,” cried the children, when the dead man suddenly looked up.

“Nonsense, children, it is a dead body, which I have dropped many times among the twigs on the way,” said the father.

But the man rose up, and killed the Mountain Spirit and its children, and fled away as fast as he could. The Mountain Spirit’s wife saw him, and mistook him for her husband.

“Where are you going?” she cried.

The man did not answer, but fled on. And the woman, thinking something must be wrong, ran after him.

And as he was running over level ground, he cried: “Rise up, hills!”

And at once many hills rose up.

Then the Mountain Spirit’s wife lagged behind, having to climb up so many hills.

The man saw a little stream, and sprang across.

“Flow over your banks!” he cried to the stream. And now it was impossible for her to get across.

“How did you get across?” cried the woman.

“I drank up the water. Do you likewise.”

And the woman began gulping it down.

Then the man turned round towards her, and said: “Look at the tail of your tunic; it is hanging down between your legs.”

And when she bent down to look, her belly burst.

And as she burst, a steam rose up out of her, and turned to fog, which still floats about to this day among the hills.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The man who took a vixen to wife

A man marries a vixen who transforms into a woman. Desiring novelty, he exchanges her with another man, but she flees after being mistreated. She finds a worm who turns out to be her husband’s old enemy. After defeating the worm, the man loses interest in her and journeys to dwarf-like shore-dwellers. Living briefly among them, he returns home, and his story concludes.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The vixen’s change into a woman highlights themes of physical and perhaps spiritual metamorphosis.

Trickster: The narrative involves cunning and deception, particularly in the interactions between the man, the vixen, and the worm.

Supernatural Beings: The presence of the vixen and the worm, both possessing human traits, underscores encounters with otherworldly entities.

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There was once a man who wished to have a wife unlike all other wives, and so he caught a little fox, a vixen, and took it home to his tent.

One day when he had been out hunting, he was surprised to find on his return that his little fox-wife had become a real woman. She had a lovely top-knot, made of that which had been her tail. And she had taken off the furry skin. And when he saw her thus, he thought her very beautiful indeed.

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Now she began to talk about journeyings, and how greatly she desired to see other people. And so they went off, and came to a place and settled down there.

One of the men there had taken a little hare to wife. And now these two men thought it would be a pleasant thing to change wives. And so they did.

But the man who had borrowed the little vixen wife began to feel scorn of her after he had lived with her a little while. She had a foxy smell, and did not taste nice.

But when the little vixen noticed this she was very angry, for it was her great desire to be well thought of by the men. So she knocked out the lamp with her tail, dashed out of the house, and fled away far up into the hills.

Up in the hills she met a worm, and stayed with him.

But her husband, who was very fond of her, went out in search of her. And at last, after a long time, he found her living with the worm, who had taken human form.

But now it was revealed that this worm was the man’s old enemy. For he had once, long before, burned a worm, and it was the soul of that worm which had now taken human form. He could even see the marks of burning in its face.

Now the worm challenged the man to pull arms, and they wrestled. But the man found the worm very easy to master, and soon he won. After that he went out, no longer caring for his wife at all. And he wandered far, and came to the shore-dwellers. They had their houses on the shore, just by high-water mark.

Their houses were quite small, and the people themselves were dwarfs, who called the eider duck walrus. But they looked just like men, and were not in the least dangerous. We never see such folk nowadays, but our forefathers have told us about them, for they knew them.

And now when the man saw their house, which was roofed with stones, he went inside. But first he had to make himself quite small, though this of course was an easy matter for him, great wizard as he was.

As soon as he came in, they brought out meat to set before him. There was the whole fore-flipper of a mighty walrus. That is to say, it was really nothing more than the wing of an eider duck. And they fell to upon this and ate. But they did not eat it all up.

After he had stayed with these people some time he went back to his house. And I have no more to tell of him.


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The raven who wanted a wife

A mourning sparrow rejects a raven’s proposal, disdaining his offer of offal. The raven, spurned, turns to wild geese and insists on joining their migration. Unable to keep up due to exhaustion, he rests on two geese, who abandon him in the sea. The raven drowns, his soul transforming into small sea mollusks, symbolizing hubris and the consequences of rejection.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The raven’s soul undergoes a metamorphosis into small sea mollusks after his death, highlighting themes of change and consequence.

Trickster: The raven embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning and persuasion in his attempts to secure a wife and join the geese, ultimately leading to his downfall.

Conflict with Nature: The raven’s struggle to keep up with the migrating geese and his inability to survive in the sea underscore the challenges and perils of opposing natural limitations.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


A little sparrow was mourning for her husband who was lost. She was very fond of him, for he caught worms for her. As she sat there weeping, a raven came and asked: “Why are you weeping?”

“I am weeping for my husband, who is lost; I was fond of him, because he caught worms for me,” said the sparrow. “It is not fitting for one to weep who can hop over high blades of grass,” said the raven. “Take me for a husband; I have a fine high forehead, broad temples, a long beard and a big beak; you shall sleep under my wings, and I will give you lovely offal to eat.”

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“I will not take you for a husband, for you have a high forehead, broad temples, a long beard and a big beak, and will give me offal to eat.”

So the raven flew away — flew off to seek a wife among the wild geese. And he was so lovesick that he could not sleep.

When he came to the wild geese, they were about to fly away to other lands.

Said the raven to two of the geese: “Seeing that a miserable sparrow has refused me, I will have you.”

“We are just getting ready to fly away,” said the geese.

“I will go too,” said the raven.

“But consider this: that none can go with us who cannot swim or rest upon the surface of the water. For there are no icebergs along the way we go.”

“It is nothing; I will sail through the air,” said the raven.

And the wild geese flew away, and the raven with them. But very soon he felt himself sinking from weariness and lack of sleep.

“Something to rest on!” cried the raven, gasping. “Sit you down side by side.” And his two wives sat down together on the water, while their comrades flew on.

The raven sat down on them and fell asleep. But when his wives saw the other geese flying farther and farther away, they dropped that raven into the sea and flew off after them.

“Something to rest on!” gasped the raven, as it fell into the water. And at last it went to the bottom and was drowned.

And after a while, it broke up into little pieces, and its soul was turned into little “sea ravens.” [a small black mollusc]


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When the ravens could speak

Long ago, ravens could speak but spoke only in opposites, using abusive words to express gratitude. Their deceitful nature angered an old man who, through magic, stripped them of speech, leaving them to shriek instead. Despite losing their voices, the ravens’ character remained unchanged, and they continue to be known as ill-tempered, thieving creatures to this day.

Source: 
Eskimo Folk-Tales 
collected by Knud Rasmussen 
[Copenhagen, Christiania], 1921


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The ravens embody the trickster archetype by speaking in opposites and deceiving others with their words.

Divine Punishment: The old man’s magical intervention to remove the ravens’ ability to speak serves as a form of punishment for their deceitful behavior.

Transformation: The ravens undergo a significant change, losing their power of speech, which alters how they interact with the world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


Once, long ago, there was a time when the ravens could talk. But the strange thing about the ravens’ speech was that their words had the opposite meaning. When they wanted to thank any one, they used words of abuse, and thus always said the reverse of what they meant. But as they were thus so full of lies, there came one day an old man, and by magic means took away their power of speech. And since that time the ravens can do no more than shriek. But the ravens’ nature has not changed, and to this day they are an ill-tempered, lying, thieving lot.

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The Tupilak

Nikook, a former seal-hunter, unintentionally brought home a walrus, inciting jealousy in a brother who secretly created a tupilak to harm him. Discovering the plot, Nikook confronted the brother mid-ritual, causing his sudden death. The brothers destroyed the malevolent creature and sank both it and its maker into the sea. Nikook experienced eerie disturbances for five nights but was left in peace thereafter.

Source: 
Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo 
by Henry Rink 
[William Blackwood and Sons] 
Edinburgh and London, 1875


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The brother embodies the trickster archetype by secretly creating a tupilak—a malevolent creature—to harm Nikook, using deceit and dark arts to achieve his goal.

Supernatural Beings: The story features the tupilak, a creature brought to life through ritual, representing the intervention of supernatural entities in human affairs.

Revenge and Justice: The narrative unfolds around the brother’s jealousy leading to an act of revenge against Nikook, and ultimately, the restoration of justice when the malevolent creature and its creator are destroyed.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Inuit peoples


Abridged version of the story.

An old man named Nikook, who had given up seal-hunting, once, entirely by chance, brought home a walrus. The middle one of some brothers with whom he lived grew jealous of him at this, and every morning repaired to the opposite shore of an island, where he secretly worked at a tupilak. Nikook got a suspicion of this, and following him, he surprised the wretch in the act of allowing his own body to be sucked by the monster, at the same time repeating the words, “Thou shalt take Nikook.” But Nikook hurried down, and seized him, crying, “What art thou doing there?” At that moment the man fell down lifeless. Meanwhile the brothers had also reached the island, and on being guided to the place by Nikook, they found the tupilak still sucking the dead. They then killed it with stones, sinking it, as well as the maker of it, into the sea. During five nights Nikook was disturbed by a bubbling sound, but afterwards nothing more was perceived.

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The giant of Kangersuak or Cape Farewell

A war raged between northern and southern tribes, with the north’s champion watching from Kangersuak. The champion had killed a man whose son, trained in angakok magic, sought revenge. He tricked the giant onto a marshy plain, causing him to sink. From beneath, the son pierced the giant’s feet and killed him, avenging his father and ending the champion’s reign.

Source: 
Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo 
by Henry Rink 
[William Blackwood and Sons] 
Edinburgh and London, 1875


► Themes of the story

Revenge and Justice: The protagonist seeks to avenge his father’s death by confronting and ultimately defeating the giant responsible, restoring balance and justice.

Trickster: Employing cunning and strategic thinking, the son lures the giant onto a marshy plain, using his wit to outsmart and overcome a physically superior adversary.

Supernatural Beings: The narrative features a formidable giant and references to angakok (shamanic) magic, highlighting interactions with supernatural elements within the story.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Inuit peoples


Abridged version of the story.

The people from the south (or east) and those from the north (or west) were at war with each other. The latter had a powerful champion, who was sitting on the top of Kangersuak to watch the Southlanders passing by.

A man who had been killed by him left a son, who practised angakok science, and revenged his father by inducing the giant to walk with him over a marshy plain, where he went down, and from beneath pierced the feet of the giant, and afterwards killed him.

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Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page