The Greedy Kazi

A hardworking poor man saves a thousand tanga after years of toil and entrusts it to a seemingly honest judge, the kazi. The kazi deceitfully denies receiving the money. With a clever woman’s help, the man exposes the kazi’s dishonesty through a ruse involving a fake treasure. The man regains his savings, while the kazi is left humiliated and furious over his failed scheme.

Source
Folk Tales from the Soviet Union
Central Asia & Kazakhstan
compiled by R. Babloyan and M. Shumskaya
Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1986


► Themes of the story

Revenge and Justice: The man seeks justice for the kazi’s deceit, ultimately regaining his savings and leaving the kazi humiliated.

Trickster: The clever woman acts as a trickster figure, using her wit to outsmart the greedy kazi.

Conflict with Authority: The story depicts a struggle against an authority figure, the kazi, who abuses his position for personal gain.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Tajik people


Retold by Mikhail Bulatov
Translated by Irina Zheleznova

Believe it or not, but once lived a poor man who worked very, very hard yet remained just as poor as ever he was. So he decided to leave his native parts and go to a distant city to earn his living. He said goodbye to his family and set off from home. Whether he was long on the way or not no one knows, but at last he reached the city he was bound for and at once began going from house to house, looking for work. And he did anything that came his way, never refusing any kind of work, however hard, setting about it willingly and always doing everything thoroughly and well.

As for the money he earned, he spent only as much as he needed to buy food for himself and put away the rest in a small bag, saying to himself:

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“I will work a little more, save up more money and then go back to my family.”

In this way he toiled unsparingly for several years and was able to put aside a whole thousand tanga. And since that, for a poor man, is a large sum of money, he began brooding about it and said to himself:

“What if through some mischance my money is lost?.. To carry it on me is folly, for I may lose it; also, a thief might learn about it and might then kill and rob me. Nor will it do to hide the money at my lodgings, for someone might see me hiding it, and there being many sly and evil people in the world, I will be deprived of it and return home empty-handed.”

So his thoughts ran and he did not know what to do. But at last he decided to give his thousand tanga to the kazi [the judge] for safekeeping.

“Everyone says the kazi is as honest as he is pious,” said he to himself, “so my money will be safe with him. I will take it back from him when I decide to go home.”

And off he went to see the kazi. The kazi greeted him politely and asked what he wanted.

“I should like to leave my money with you for safekeeping, O most honourable kazi,” the man said. “Please keep it for me while I am living and working in this town.”

The kazi took the bag of money and said gravely:

“I shall do as you ask with the greatest pleasure. You could not have found a safer place to keep your money.”

The poor man left, and the kazi counted the money and put it away in a large chest.

Some time passed, and the owner of the money prepared to go back to his family. He came to the kazi and said to him:

“Give me back my money, O most honourable kazi, for tomorrow I leave this town.”

The kazi looked at him.

“What money do you mean?” he asked.

“The thousand tanga that I gave you to keep for me, most honourable kazi.”

“You must be mad!” the kazi shouted. “When did you ever give me any money? One thousand tanga indeed! What an idea! Why, neither you nor any of your kin ever laid eyes on so much as a hundred tanga! Where would you get a whole thousand?”

The poor man tried to remind the kazi when it was he had brought him the money and what had been said between them. But the kazi would not listen to him. He stamped his feet and called for his servants.

“This man is a swindler!” he shouted. ‘Thrash him soundly and turn him out of my house!”

The kazi’s servants fell on the poor man, beat him up and threw him out of the house.

The poor man stumbled off down the street with tears and lamentations.

“All my hard work has been in vain! My money is lost he kept repeating sorrowfully. “The kazi has taken it all!”

Now, a woman who happened to be passing by just then overheard the poor man’s lamentations and said to him reproachfully:

“What has happened, my brother? Why are you, a grownup man, crying like a child?”

Said the poor man sadly:

“O my sister, if only you knew how I have been tricked you would not reproach me! By working beyond my strength for years and never eating my fill I succeeded in putting aside a thousand tanga. Now I have. lost them.”

“Tell me how it happened,” the woman said.

The poor man told her the whole story.

“And people say that the kazi is as honest as he is pious!” he added bitterly.

The woman listened to his story with sympathy.

“Do not be sad, not all is lost,” said she. “Come with me, I will think of something.”

They went to her house, and the woman took a large box that stood there and said to her little son:

“I am going with this man to see the kazi. Follow us at a distance and try not to be seen by anyone. When we reach the kazi’s house, hide yourself and wait till the kazi has handed this man his money. When you see him stretch out his hands to take this box, run into the house and say: “Father has come back with his camels and goods.”

“Very well, I will do as you say,” said the boy.

The woman placed the box on her head, and she and the poor man made their way to the kazi’s house, the woman’s son following them at a distance.

They came there, and the woman said to the poor man:

“I will go in first, and you come in after me.”

She stepped into the house, and the kazi looked at her and at the large box on her head and said:

“What business brings you here, my sister?”

Said the woman:

“Perhaps you have heard of me, O most honourable kazi. I am the wife of Rahim, the rich merchant. My husband has taken his caravan to distant lands, and no one knows when he will return. For many nights now I have been unable to sleep peacefully. Thieves are prowling round our house, and I am sure they plan to rob us. This box contains all the money we have, as well as all our gold and precious stones. t was with difficulty that I carried it here, it is so heavy. I should like to leave it with you for safekeeping. When my husband returns he will come for it himself.”

The kazi lifted the box and his hands shook.

“There must be at least forty or fifty thousand tanga in money in this box, and many precious stones besides, it is so heavy,” thought he. “I have heard this Rahim is a very rich merchant.” And turning to the woman, he said:

“Very well, my sister, I shall keep your treasures for you. They will be safe with me, you may be sure. And you will get everything back, to the last tanga.”

But the woman took the box from the kazi’s hands.

“Will I truly get all of it back?” said she.

“Do not doubt it, my sister!” the kazi exclaimed. “All the people in the town know me for an honest man.”

Just as he said this, the poor man, for so it had been agreed between him and the woman, came into the kazi’s house. The kazi saw him and was overjoyed.

“Heaven itself has brought this man here,” said he to himself. “There could be no better opportunity of proving my honesty to this woman. I shall give back to that beggar his thousand tanga and get a box full of money and jewels instead. It will be worth it, ha-ha!”

And the kazi turned to the woman, saying:

“I repeat to you, my sister, that there is no better place for you to leave your money than my house. Your box will be far safer here than if you keep it in your own house. And you can have it back any time you want.”

The kazi’s servants and all who were present in the house nodded their heads as if to say that the kazi was indeed speaking the truth and that his every word could be trusted.

And the kazi, pretending to have only just noticed the poor man’s presence, exclaimed:

“Why, here is the man who gave me all his savings, one thousand tanga, to keep! He came to me this morning and asked for his money, but I did not recognise him, I mistook him for a thief and refused to give it back. If someone here knows him and will vouch for him I will give it him at once.”

Said the woman:

“O most honourable kazi, I have known this poor man for almost two years. He came to this town from afar and he has been working very hard ever since. He worked for me, too, for a time. Believe me when I tell you that he has more than earned his money, for never was there a more hard-working man.”

“What, you know this man!” the kazi exclaimed. “Then we need not delay. Come up here, my brother, and take your thousand tanga.”

And the kazi reached into his chest, counted out a thousand tanga and gave them to their owner.

“Well, my sister, now you have seen for yourself how safe other people’s money is with me and that I can be trusted to return it to its owner,” said the kazi hurriedly. “Leave your box here and go home in peace.”

And he stretched out his hands for the box.

But before the woman could hand it to him, her son burst into the house.

“Mother! Mother!” he called. “Come home quickly! Father has come back with his camels and goods and is waiting for you.”

“Oh well, now that my husband has returned, I need no longer fear thieves,” said the woman with a smile. “He will be able to look after our treasures without the help of the honourable kazi.”

And with these words the woman took her box, placed it on her head and left the kazi’s house in the company of the poor man.

“One must never despair, my brother,” said she. “Remember that there is no knave alive whose scurvy tricks work every time. Go back to your family and live in peace. You have wandered in alien parts long enough. Spend your hard- earned money and enjoy it.”

And taking leave of one another, they parted.

As for the kazi, now that he was left alone, he flew into a terrible. rage. He tugged at his beard, stamped his feet and was so distressed that he did not know what to do with himself.

“Unhappy man that I am! ” he said over and over again. “What a terrible misfortune! May the merchant Rahim be cursed! Why couldn’t he have arrived an hour later! It would all have been over and done with by then, the box of treasures would have been mine. My riches would have multiplied. My large chest would have been filled to the top. I shall never get over it, never!”

And he wept and cried and could not stop.


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The Padishah’s Daughter and the Young Slave

A conceited princess rejects all suitors, leading her father, the Padishah, to consult an old sage, who foretells her marriage to a slave. Despite challenges, the slave accomplishes impossible tasks, gaining immense strength and valor. Refusing to marry the princess, he rejects the Padishah’s tyranny, defeating his oppressors. Embracing freedom, the former slave dedicates his life to protecting the weak and fighting for justice.

Source
Folk Tales from the Soviet Union
Central Asia & Kazakhstan
compiled by R. Babloyan and M. Shumskaya
Raduga Publishers, Moscow, 1986


► Themes of the story

Prophecy and Fate: The narrative centers on a prophecy foretelling that the Padishah’s proud daughter will marry a slave, highlighting the inescapable nature of destiny.

Conflict with Authority: The young slave challenges the Padishah’s authority, especially when he refuses to marry the princess and later opposes the Padishah’s tyranny, symbolizing a struggle against oppressive power.

Revenge and Justice: The story concludes with the slave defeating his oppressors and dedicating his life to protecting the weak and fighting for justice, emphasizing the restoration of moral order.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Tajik people


Retold by Klavdia Ulug-zadeh
Translated by Olga Shartse

The Padishah had a grownup daughter who was so proud and conceited that she sent away all the match- makers who came to seek her hand in marriage. None of the suitors was good enough for this Princess. And then her father held counsel with his viziers and said to them:

“Is it not time the Princess got married?” – “It is time,” replied the viziers. “Only let us ask her what sort of man she wants for a husband.”

And the Princess told them: “I’ll only marry the strongest and most handsome young man in the world, who alone deserves to be my husband.”

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The viziers tried to find a man like that in their own city, but no one measured up to the Princess’s demands.

The Padishah himself then set off on a journey to other towns. He rode for a long time and finally came to a wide river. On the bank squatted an old man with a beard that was long and green like sea-weed, he had on a green robe, and had a green staff in his hand. He was writing something with a black pebble on white pebbles which he then threw into the river.

The Padishah rode right up to the old man and asked him what he was writing on those pebbles and why he threw them into the water.

“I foretell people’s future. Whatever I write on a white pebble which I then throw into the river will come to pass.”

“Could you foretell my daughter’s future? Who is destined to become her husband?” asked the Padishah, and told the old man about his proud, conceited daughter who refused to marry anyone but the handsomest and strongest young man in the world.

The old man smiled, wrote something on a white pebble, threw it into the river, and said:

“Your daughter will marry neither a pauper nor a labourer, she’ll marry a slave.”

“Oh no! It cannot be!” cried the Padishah in alarm because he remembered that he did have a slave working in his household, he was a young man and the best worker in town, but a slave he was!

The Padishah hurried back home, and all the way he was thinking how to avert that terrible disaster from his daughter. The moment he returned to his palace, he called his viziers together and told them what fate had in store for the Princess.

“Woe unto us, woe! That wretched slave intends to marry my daughter! What am I to do!”

“Chop off his head,” replied the viziers promptly.

When the poor young slave heard that he was to die, he pleaded and swore that he did not have the slightest desire to marry the Princess.

“What, he has the impudence to refuse the Padishah’s daughter?” cried the sly viziers. ‘Off with his head for such impudence!”

And the Padishah agreed with them.

A very, very old and very, very wise man lived in a small hut not far from the palace. He was so old that he could no longer walk. When he heard about Padishah’s cruel order, he begged his neighbours:

“Please, put me on a white felt rug, pick it up by the four corners, and carry me to the Padishah.”

They did so, and when they brought him to the palace the Padishah asked the wise man:

“What advice have you come to give me, old sage?” asked the Padishah.

“Oh Padishah, you are free to do what you will with your servants,” replied the old man. “Send your young slave to the end of the world, give him any order you can think of, only don’t execute that innocent youth.”

The Padishah ordered the young slave to be brought into his presence.

“Hey you, wretched slave!” he said to the young man. “Go and find for me two precious pearls the size of walnuts with a moonglow inside them. If you find them I’ll grant you your life, and give you your freedom besides. If you don’t find them, I’ll order your head to be chopped off.”

The poor young slave merely dropped his head in agreement, and set off to find those unheard-of pearls, the size of walnuts and with a moonglow inside them.

He wandered about the land for many a day, he suffered cold and hunger, people laughed at him, and he all but collapsed from weariness. And then, one day, he came to the river on the bank of which squatted an old man in a green robe, with a long green beard and a green staff in his hand.

The young man bowed to him and asked:

“Can you tell me where I can find two precious pearls the size of walnuts with a moonglow inside them?”

“You are as trusting as a child, I see,” replied the old man. “I know who sent you and why. Oh well, I’ve got to help you. Stay here on the bank, and wait for me.”

Saying this, the old man in the green robe stepped into the river and vanished from sight. Suddenly the green weeds, floating on the surface of the water, parted and out came the old man. He climbed on to the bank and from the skirt of his robe poured a whole heap of large pearls on to the ground. All of them had a moonglow inside them.

“Take them and return to the Padishah,” said the old man. ‘Only mind you don’t show him all the pearls at once. First give him the two he asked for.”

The young slave thanked the old man from the bottom of his heart and started back for the palace at once.

When the Padishah saw the young slave and the fabulous pearls, he knew that he would have to grant him his life and give him his freedom, which did not suit him at all. And so, being very shrewd and wily, he shouted angrily:

“Aha, I’ve caught you out at last! These two pearls were in my treasure-box and then someone stole them. So now we know who stole them! You’re a thief and a liar, pretending that you got them at the other end of the world!”

“My lord, did you say that you had two such pearls in your treasure-box?” asked the brave young man.

“Yes, two, exactly two such pearls,” replied the Padishah.

At this, the young man undid his bundle and poured out onto the carpet before the Padishah a whole heap of beautiful pearls.

The sight of that wealth so startled the Padishah that he was struck speechless. He did not know what to do next, and so he called his viziers together again and asked their advice.

“Since this slave. managed to find a whole heap of pearls and not just the two I sent him to find, it means that he really intends to marry my daughter. But I don’t want her to marry a slave, and so I’ll have his head chopped off,” the Padishah told them.

The viziers did not know what to advise him and, fearing his anger, they thought it safest to say:

“Oh the greatest of the great! You followed the advice of that oldest and wisest of sages about your young slave, and so he should be sent for this time too.”

Once again the old sage was brought to the palace on a white felt. He heard out the viziers and said:

“A promise must not be broken. The Padishah must keep his word.”

“But he’s my slave, his life is in my hands!” cried the Padishah angrily.

“And your word? You can’t go back on your word,” sald the sage.

“Very well then,” said the Padishah. ‘Let him go to the end of the world, see how the sun and the moon rise, and tell us all about it when he comes back. Only then I shall grant him his life and give him his freedom!”

Poor, poor young slave! Without saying a word, he set off to find the end of the world where the sun and the moon rose.

In the meantime, the Padishah tried his best to find a husband for his conceited daughter.

The young slave wandered for days, weeks, months, climbing over high mountains, all but dying of thirst in the dry deserts, and still plodding on. His sandals were worn out, his clothes torn to shreds, and his staff became as thin as a needle. He walked on in rain and wind, in heat and frost. Hunger drove him to beg for bread. Sometimes, he fell asleep at someone’s gate with no strength to go, and the owners beat him up for a tramp.

At long last he came to a mountain so tall that it reached the sky. He tried to climb it but he could not find a foothold anywhere, for the steep sides were smooth rock. Helplessly, he sat on the ground and gazed in despair at the mountain before him.

Suddenly, a peri in white appeared on the top of the mountain.

“Who are you and what do you seek?” he heard her voice.

“I am the Padishah’s slave,” replied the youth. “Under threat of death the Padishah ordered me to go and see where the sun and moon rise in the sky. And I haven’t even discovered where that place is!”

“Shut your eyes,” the girl told him.

He shut his eyes, and when he opened them in a moment he found himself standing on top of the mountain beside the girl.

“Come, I’ll show you what you want,” the peri told him, and started across a green meadow, covered with beautiful white flowers, and made for some tall trees whose branches drooped to the very ground.

When the youth came nearer to these trees he saw that they were weeping willows growing round a large, still lake. That lake was so lovely that he stood there spellbound, unable to tear his eyes away.

“It’s so wonderful here!” he exclaimed, and went down to the water.

“The sun and the moon bathe in this lake,” the fairy-girl told him. “This lake does magic things. If you bathe in it right after the moon has taken a dip, you’ll become even more handsome than you are now and the Padishah’s daughter will gladly marry you.”

“But I don’t want to marry the Padishah’s daughter!” said the youth. “Would I have come all this way just for that?”

“Then wait until after the sun has had its swim. If you enter the water just after, you’ll feel enormous strength flowing into your body,” the fairy-girl told him, and disappeared.

The youth was very thirsty, but he stood on the shore and did not touch the water. He very much wanted to refresh his weary body in the lovely lake, but he waited patiently for the moon or the sun to bathe in it first.

The day waned, and dusk gathered quickly. Golden sunlight gave way to a silvery mist. And then darkness fell all at once, and the mountain trembled. Something very large and heavy rolled into the water, causing a wave to dash against the shore. In the next moment, a round, shining moon emerged from the lake, soared up, and sailed across the sky. And in the moonlight everything turned silver and began to shine and sparkle.

All night long the youth sat on the shore of the lovely lake, gazing at the beauty that surrounded him.

Little by little the moon lost its sparkle and melted away, the sky turned a pale grey, and suddenly the mountain trembled again, and something very large and heavy rolled into the lake. And in the next moment he saw the radiant, brilliant sun rise from the water higher and higher into the sky, and in the dazzling light it shed down on earth everything glowed with light and warmth.

Thus the brave youth saw how the sun rose. Happily, he threw off his rags, drank his fill of water and bathed in the lake. And instantly he felt his strength increasing tenfold. As he climbed on to the shore he clutched at a branch of a weeping willow, pulling down the whole tree, and as the roots were bared he saw between them a round shield, a sharp sword, a tall helmet and clothes worthy of a knight. And then he saw a beautiful horse with strong, slender legs standing there ready for him to mount.

Quickly, he put on the fine clothes, leapt into the saddle and rode off to look for the peri. He found her where he saw her for the first time, and thanked her for everything.

“But I only helped you to rise to the top of the mountain,” she said. “The rest you did yourself. You yourself found. the place where the sun and the moon rise. And you saw them rise. You bathed in the lake after the sun. You drank the water of life and joy and your strength increased tenfold. Only mind that your strength does not do people harm.”

“I promise I shall be kind to people,” the youth cried.

“But first I’ve got to settle up with my master, the Padishah, and obtain my freedom.”

And he went back to the Padishah whose slave he had been for so many years. On the way back he performed many feats, and his fame ran ahead of him.

In the meantime the Padishah had still been trying to find a husband for his daughter.

When he heard that a strange young knight had come to his city, he ordered him brought into his presence at once.

“Quickly, bring the visitor to my palace!” he ordered his servants. “And tell the young Princess. Maybe she’ll agree to marry him, because we’ve quite run out of suitors.”

The Princess peeped through the curtains at the newcomer, and whispered to her father:

“I’ll marry him. He’s the strongest and most handsome man in the world!”

The Padishah was overjoyed that at long last a worthy suitor had been found. He ordered the finest delicacies and wines to be served, seated the guest in the place of honour, and asked him to relate where he had been in the world and what he had seen.

“I travelled to the place where the sun and the moon rise,” replied the guest. “I saw the moon and the sun bathing in a mountain lake. I, too, bathed in that lake and it gave me the fabulous strength of a powerful knight.”

The Padishah knew then that his grand visitor was, in fact, his slave. But he did not let on that he had recognised him. To himself he was saying: “If he marries my daughter hell go on serving me as my son-in-law. As a warrior he’ll win glory for me and multiply my wealth.”

Now, the visitor said in conclusion of his story:

“Well, I’ve done everything I was ordered to do, and now I want to receive what was promised me. Do you remember your promise, Padishah?”

“Marry my daughter, and I’ll give you your freedom,” the Padishah told him.

But the young slave said:

“Then you don’t rightly know what freedom means if you want to give it to me in addition to your conceited daughter. When I wore the rags of a slave I did not seem a human being to you and your daughter!”

Enraged, the Padishah ordered his servants to seize the impudent slave, but he flung them off easily with his mighty strength and bared his sword… And the Padishah, being a cowardly, spiteful soul, scampered away in terror, like a rabbit from a great lion. The former slave left the Padishah’s palace forever, and as a free man rode off on his horse. He knew what he must do now: a man who was brave, strong and free must protect the weak from the strong, he must fight evil for the triumph of good on earth.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Sad Story of the Yaoya’s Daughter

A wandering ballad-singer narrates the tragic tale of O Schichi, a beautiful young girl from Yedo who falls in love with a temple acolyte. When her family’s home is rebuilt, she is separated from him and consumed by longing. In desperation, she sets her father’s house ablaze to return to the temple. Caught and judged, she is executed, dying for love.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Tragic Love: The profound love between O Schichi and the acolyte ultimately results in her demise, highlighting the sorrowful aspects of their relationship.

Conflict with Authority: O Schichi’s actions, driven by her love, bring her into direct conflict with societal laws and the authorities who enforce them.

Prophecy and Fate: The story reflects on the concept of karma and destiny, suggesting that the characters’ actions are influenced by forces beyond their control.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


There was a wandering ballad-singer who came to a great house in Yedo where they wished to be entertained. “Will you have a dance or a song?” said the ballad-singer; “or shall I tell you a story?” The people of the house bade him tell a story. “Shall it be a tale of love or a tale of war?” said the ballad-singer. “Oh, a tale of love,” they said. “Will you have a sad tale or a merry?” asked the ballad-singer. They were all agreed that they would hear a sad tale. “Well, then,” said the ballad-singer, “listen, and I will tell you the sad story of the Yaoya’s daughter.”

So he told this tale:

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The Yaoya was a poor hard-working man, but his daughter was the sweetest thing in Yedo. You must know she was one of the five beauties of the city, that grew like five cherry-trees in the time of the spring blossoming.

In autumn the hunters lure the wild deer with the sound of the flute. The deer are deceived, for they believe that they hear the voices of their mates. So are they trapped and slain. For like calls to like. Youth calls to youth, beauty to beauty, love to love. This is law, and this law was the undoing of the Yaoya’s daughter.

When there was a great fire in Yedo, so great that more than the half of the city was burned, the Yaoya’s house was ruined also. And the Yaoya and his wife and his daughter had no roof over them, nor anywhere to lay their heads. So they went to a Buddhist temple for shelter and stayed there many days, till their house should be rebuilt. Ah me, for the Yaoya’s daughter! Every morning at sunrise she bathed in the spring of clean water that was near the temple. Her eyes were bright and her cheeks ruddy. Then she would put on her blue gown and sit by the water-side to comb her long hair. She was a sweet and slender thing, scarce fifteen years old. Her name was O Schichi.

“Sweep the temple and the temple courts,” her father bade her. “’Tis well we should do so much for the good priests who give us shelter.” So O Schichi took the broom and swept. And as she laboured she sang merrily, and the grey precincts of the temple grew bright.

Now there was a young acolyte who served in the holy place. Gentle he was and beautiful. Not a day passed but he heard the singing of O Schichi; not a day passed but he set eyes upon her, going her ways, so light and slender, in the ancient courts of the temple.

It was not long before he loved her. Youth calls to youth, beauty to beauty, love to love. It was not long before she loved him.

Secretly they met together in the temple grove. Hand in hand they went, her head against his arm.

“Ah,” she cried, “that such a thing should be! I am happy and unhappy. Why do I love you, my own?”

“Because of the power of Karma,” said the acolyte. “Nevertheless, we sin, O heart’s desire, grievously we sin, and I know not what may come of it.”

“Alas,” she said, “will the gods be angry with us, and we so young?”

“I cannot tell,” he said; “but I am afraid.”

Then the two of them clung together, trembling and weeping. But they pledged themselves to each other for the space of many existences.

The Yaoya had his dwelling in the quarter of the city called Honjo, and presently his house was rebuilt which had been destroyed by the fire. He and his wife were glad, for they said, “Now we shall go home.”

O Schichi hid her face with her sleeve and wept bitter tears.

“Child, what ails you?” said her mother.

O Schichi wept. “Oh! oh! oh!” she cried, and swayed herself to and fro.

“Why, maid, what is it?” said her father.

Still O Schichi wept. “Oh! oh! oh!” she cried, and swayed herself to and fro.

That night she went to the grove. There was the acolyte, very pale and sorrowful, beneath the trees.

“They will part us,” she cried, “O my dear heart’s desire. The dear gods are angry with us, and we so young.”

“Ah,” he said, “I was afraid…. Farewell, dear maid, O little maid, sweet and slender. Remember we are pledged to one another for the space of many existences.”

Then the two of them clung together, trembling and weeping, and they bade farewell a thousand times.

The next day they bore O Schichi home to Honjo. She grew languid and listless. White she grew, white as the buckwheat flower. She drooped and she failed. No longer was she numbered with the five beauties of Yedo, nor likened to a cherry-tree in the time of the spring blossoming. All the day long she brooded silently. At night she lay awake in her low bed.

“Oh! oh!” she moaned, “the weary, weary night! Shall I never see him? Must I die of longing? Oh! oh! the weary, weary night….”

Her eyes grew large and burning bright.

“Alas! poor maid,” said her father.

“I am afraid …” said her mother. “She will lose her wits…. She does not weep any more.”

At last O Schichi arose and took straw and made it into a bundle; and she put charcoal in the bundle and laid it beneath the gallery of her father’s house. Then she set fire to the straw and the charcoal, and the whole burnt merrily. Furthermore the wood of her father’s house took light and the house was burnt to the ground.

“I shall see him; I shall see him!” shrieked O Schichi, and fell in a swoon.

Howbeit all the city knew that she had set fire to her father’s house. So she was taken before the judge to be tried for her wrong-doing.

“Child,” said the judge, “what made you do this thing?”

“I was mad,” she said, “I did it for love’s sake. I said, ‘I will burn the house, we shall have nowhere to lay our heads, then we shall take shelter at the temple; I will see my lover.’ Lord, I have not seen him nor heard of him these many, many moons.”

“Who is your lover?” said the judge.

Then she told him.

Now as for the law of the city, it was hard and could not be altered. Death was the penalty for the crime of the Yaoya’s daughter. Only a child might escape.

“My little maid,” the judge said, “are you perhaps twelve years old?”

“Nay, lord,” she answered.

“Thirteen, then, or fourteen? The gods send you may be fourteen. You are little and slender.”

“Lord,” she said, “I am fifteen.”

“Alas, my poor maid,” said the judge, “you are all too old.”

So they made her stand upon the bridge of Nihonbashi. And they told her story aloud; they called it from the house-tops so that all might hear. There she was for all the world to look upon.

Every day for seven days she stood upon the bridge of Nihonbashi, and drooped in the glare of the sun and of men’s glances. Her face was white as the flower of the buckwheat. Her eyes were wide and burning bright. She was the most piteous thing under the sky. The tender-hearted wept to see her. They said, “Is this the Yaoya’s daughter that was one of the five beauties of Yedo?”

After the seven days were passed they bound O Schichi to a stake, and they piled faggots of wood about her and set the faggots alight. Soon the thick smoke rose.

“It was all for love,” she cried with a loud voice. And when she had said this, she died.

* * * * *

“The tale is told,” said the ballad-singer. “Youth calls to youth, beauty to beauty, love to love. This is law, and this law was the undoing of the Yaoya’s daughter.”


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The Story of Longa-Poa

It must be borne in mind that Taliai-tupou was not a Tongan but a Fijian, and regarded the legend from a Fijian point of view. For instance, the Tongans were not cannibals, and the words he puts into the mouth of Fekai as to the bokolas could not have been spoken by a Tongan woman.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Authority: Longa-Poa’s wife, Fekai, wields significant power over him due to her royal lineage, creating a dynamic where Longa-Poa, despite his own status, is subjugated to her authority.

Family Dynamics: The tumultuous relationship between Longa-Poa and Fekai highlights complex familial interactions, particularly the challenges faced when power imbalances exist within a marriage.

Good vs. Evil: Fekai’s cruel and domineering behavior contrasts sharply with Longa-Poa’s more tempered demeanor, setting up a classic dichotomy between malevolent and benevolent forces within the household.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

There was once, so our fathers said, a chief in Tonga whose name was Longa-poa, a chief great and mighty, strong of arm, bold of heart, wise in council, and mighty in war. He was of the royal clan, and was reverenced by his own people, and feared by all who dwelt in the other islands. But, great and mighty as he was, there was nevertheless one before whom he trembled and quaked even – Fekai, the “Ferocious One,” his own wife, the daughter of the king, a woman tall of stature and loud of tongue, whose soul was altogether evil. A wretched man was Longa-poa, for he feared her greatly; nor dare he lift his club against her, after the manner of other chiefs, who kept their wives in order each by the strength of his arm; for useful indeed is the club for women, and quiet is the house that is ruled by the stick.

► Continue reading…

But she was the daughter of a “Sacred King”; and he could not lift his hand against her, for she was nearer to the gods than he.

So it fell on a certain day that Longa-poa came back from Haa-pai, whither he had gone sailing with his warriors because the War-King Kano-ku-bolu, the “Heart of Samoa,” had said, “Let Longa-poa hoist his sail and go to the men of Haa-pai, that they may know the evil of their ways, in that they have not sent the yearly tribute.” And he came back, bringing the tribute, a great store of wealth; for the souls of the Haa-pai folk were small before him, and they feared because of their revolt. Therefore they gave much more than the appointed gifts; and Longa-poa was glad of heart as he came sailing back to Tonga with his deep-laden canoes; and a joyful chief was the War-King when the property was brought to his Great House. He said to his men, “Bring hither a pig, that Longa-poa may eat. Make ready a feast for him, and for his men. Good is his sailing! A happy voyage! Eat now, Longa-poa, and then go away to your house. Is not your wife waiting for you there?” Whereupon a cloud came over the face of Longa-poa, which had brightened up when the king spoke of the pig.

So, after the feast was over, he went his way; and coming to the house, he found his wife there, beating one of her women with a stick, as her manner was, for she was always either beating or scolding, and indeed often both of the two at once. When he lifted the mat that hung in the doorway, she turned round and saw him.

“You are come back, then!” said she, in a scornful voice.

“I am come, Fekai,” answered Longa-poa. “And where, then, are the bodies of your foes?” asked the Ferocious One, twitching a tuft of hair from the head of the girl that she had been beating; for she had clutched her by the hair with one hand, while she was thrashing her with the other; nor had she let go when her lord came in, “Where are your bokolas?” she cried. “Let our share be dragged up to the house, and let the young men — the lazy, the useless ones — let them make ready the ovens.”

“There are no bokolas, O Fekai,” said Longa-poa. “Their souls were small, the men of Haa-pai, and they brought a peace-offering, giving also great store of wealth. Therefore they live, and there are no hokolas.”

Great then was the Ferocious One’s wrath. Her eyes glared, and the foam flew from her lips, as she flung the tuft of hair, that she had pulled out, in the face of her lord — great chief as he was — a thing not to be endured by any man. “Let that be your food!” she cried. “Cursed be the winds that brought you back! Man of a watery soul! Weak one! Coward! A chief, perhaps? Truly a great chief! A mighty lord!” And rushing upon him, she smote him with the stick with which she had just been beating the girl. He leaped to his feet and fled from the house, and she ran after him, cursing him, till she was out of breath and could follow him no longer.

Longa-poa ran to the seaside, where he sat down on the prow of his canoe, which was hauled up on to the beach; and covering his face with his hands, he wept aloud, while his young men gathered round him, sitting it his feet in awe-struck silence.

“Are you all here?” said he at length; “Lolo-hea, Pulu, Tama-eiki, are you all here?”

“We are all here, my lord,” answered Lolo-hea in a subdued tone, for he was full of distress at the sorrow of his chief, and so were they all.

“Let the canoe float!” said the wretched chief. “Drag her down to the deep water!” And the young men leaped to the work with a loud shout; and they dragged the great canoe into the deep water till it was well afloat, and no longer grated along the sand. Then said Longa-poa, as he rose to his feet, tall and strong: “Listen to me,” he cried. “Hear my words this day, and let them sink down into your souls. I am going away. Henceforth let no man say that Longa-poa is a Tongan. A stranger am I in the land where that woman dwells. You, therefore, whose souls are small, you who are afraid, go back to the shore, and stay with the women. But you who love your chief, you whose hearts are strong, come with me, and we will find a new land wherein we may dwell. My words are spoken!”

Then there was a great silence, and the young men looked into each other’s faces.

“I will go with my lord,” said Pulu. And as he spoke, the tears ran down his cheeks; for he thought of Fonua, the young girl to whom he had spoken, and whose friends were then making ready the marriage-feast. A fine young chief was Pulu, and beautiful exceedingly was the girl Fonua. “We will all go,” said Lolo-hea. “We will follow you, Longa-poa. If we die in the midst of the waters, we will all die together; and if we find a strange land, we will fight with its people, making them our servants, and you shall reign over us and them.” And thus said they all.

THE SAILING OF THE EXILES

So when they had hastily gathered food and water they hoisted the sail, and the great canoe moved swiftly over the waters till the land grew dark behind them, and the sun went down into the western sea.

Then cried Longa-poa in a cheery voice from the top of the deck-house where he was sitting: “Let not your hearts be sore, my men. Good is our sailing! A good wind! A smooth sea! It will be a fine night, for there are many stars. See also how they twinkle! Therefore will this north-east wind continue to blow. Strike up a song, that our hearts may be glad; for that woman will not live for ever, and we shall yet go back to our own land in peace.”

Then Moala, the gleeman, began the canoe-chaunt, and the young men clapped their hands, keeping time as they took up the strain, while Longa-poa cheered them on from the top of the deck-house, singing also himself in company with them. But when they came to the part of the chaunt where it is said,

“The sun has set, and the land is far away,”

the strong voice of Moala faltered, and grew weak and quavering, like the voice of a little child — of a little child that is about to weep; and lowering their heads, the young men wept with a bitter weeping, as they thought of their land now hidden in the darkness, of their homes, their kinsfolk, and their friends, all left behind without so much as a word of parting, and never more to be seen by them again.

But Longa-poa sang on, as he sat on the top of the deck-house. Changing the strain, in a loud voice and a stern, he chaunted a song of war. It rang out over the waters full and clear above the noise of the weeping, as it told how their tribe had taken the stronghold of Vavau in the olden days. Nor was it long before the young men raised their heads, and the noise of the weeping ceased; for their souls grew hot within them as they hearkened to the words; till, when the chief came to the song of triumph which their fathers sang after the victory, they leaped to their feet, shouting the war-cry, and joined with him in that terrible chaunt which is called “The Song of Death.”

Thus they went sailing throughout that night and the following day, passing island after island of the group, until at last Niua sank down into the waters behind them; after which no land was seen for many days, and the crew said to one another, “We have passed the ends of the earth. There is now nothing but water.” Nevertheless they came to other lands, sailing continually, till the canoe became to them even as their house, and the sea their land; nor were they content to stay quietly ashore; but ever after a few days they longed to be sailing again. True children of the sea had they become.

Too long were it to tell you of all the mighty deeds they wrought in the lands to which the winds carried them; of all their fightings and feastings, and of all the hunger and thirst and hardships they endured. How Moala, the gleeman, was treacherously slain on the beach of an island, which stands alone in the midst of the sea, being thrust through the back with a spear as he was gathering firewood; wherefore Longa-poa smote all that people, men, women, and children, leaving not one alive; so that the land is empty even unto this day. How Pulu forgot Fonua, being ensnared by a young girl of another land, who prevailed upon him to hide himself in the mangroves when his comrades sailed away, that he might be her husband; and how she murdered him on that very night as he lay asleep, and shared his body out among her friends. How Longa-poa, coming back in the morning to look for Pulu, found her people feasting upon the body, and the head stuck on the point of a spear, which was thrust into the ground in the midst of the public square; whereupon the Tongans, shouting their war-cry, rushed forward, and smote the townsfolk with a great and terrible slaughter, leaving none alive but a few, who fled to the hills, and so escaped. How, sailing thence for many days without seeing land, they grew desperate in their hunger, and ran their canoe down upon a sleeping whale, leaping all of them upon him, stabbing him with their spears, and so fighting with and killing him. How thereupon they grew mad with pride, and said, “We are gods! We are gods! No children of men could have done the mighty deeds that we have done.” And how the gods heard them, and were sore displeased, and took counsel together how they should slay them. All this were too long to tell.

But after that the exiles had killed the whale, nothing went well with them; for how can they prosper with whom the gods are wroth? First, there smote them suddenly a raging blast, that tore their sail, breaking the mast also, and coming near to sink the canoe. But they baled her out, and fought stoutly with the tempest, scudding before it for many days, till they were well-nigh spent with hunger and weariness. Then they came to a land where they thought to rest their limbs and recruit; but the people crept secretly upon them in the night, and killed three of them before they could snatch up their weapons to fight with. Two more also fell, and Longa-poa himself was shot through the arm by an arrow as they attacked the town in the morning. Nevertheless they took the place, and burnt it to the ground, with all the townsfolk. Here they made another sail for themselves, and cut a new mast in the place of that which the storm had broken, resting also for many days, until the chiefs wound was healed. After this they sailed away again, and then came the end.

FEKAI ENDS HER SCOLDING

When they had been two days at sea, Longa-poa said to one of the young men, “Climb now to the mast-head and look around. There may perchance be land in sight.”

“There is nothing, sir,” cried the youth from aloft, when he had looked all around. But just as he was about to glide down the mast his eye caught a little speck far away on the waters to windward, and he shouted, “A sail! A sail!”

Glad then were the hearts of the Tongans; and seizing their weapons, they struck up the “Song of Death” as the strange canoe ran swiftly down towards them. But when they were very near, and had risen to their feet, making ready to leap on board and smite with the club, then suddenly the chieFs heart became as water, and scrambling down from the roof of the deck-house he thrust the steersman away from the big sheer-oar, and luffed close up into the wind. Great then was the wonder of his crew; but not long did they wonder; for from the strange canoe a laugh rang out across the water, loud, and fierce, and shrill. And they trembled as they heard it; for they knew the voice — it was the voice of Fekai!

“Good is your sailing!” shrieked that terrible woman. “Good is your sailing! A happy voyage! Long have we been looking for you, and now we have found you at last. O villainous chief! O crew of rascals! We have you at last. Rise, my men, and let these, our friends, see what manner of gifts we have brought them.” And, springing to their feet with a dreadful shout, they brandished their weapons of war. “These are our gifts,” they cried. “Come now and take them!”

And the hearts of Longa-poa and his men died within them as they looked upon the faces of the other crew, and saw that every one of them was their bitter foe. There was Lutui, the Haa-pai chief, whose brother Longa-poa had slain, and Mafi, whose wife he had taken away by force, giving her to one of his own men — the wife of a chief to a commoner — an insult never to be forgotten. This he had done unwillingly on the urging of Fekai herself, against whom Mafi’s wife had offended. There too was Fuaki, whose house he had burned, and Moa, whose face he had smashed with a back-handed blow of his club. Old Napa, also, of Navau was among them, whose two sons he had killed at sea, running their canoe down in the midst of the waters because they had kept their flag flying when he was in sight. Napa was old and grey-headed, and his limbs were feeble; yet he stood there shaking a heavy club, and shouting more savagely than them all; for the thought of his two lads burned within his soul, and made him strong. These and many more had Fekai gathered together to hunt her lord, for she longed to kill him; and now, after many days, they met in the open sea.

So Longa-poa fled before his wife, trying to escape; but so equal in their speed were the two canoes, that he could not shake her off, nor could she come nearer to him, for she had gone to leeward when he luffed up into the wind to prevent her from running him down, and now both canoes were sailing close-hauled, with Longa-poa’s to windward. For three days they thus sailed, he fleeing and she pursuing — a wretched time; for when it was day, Longa-poa and his men could see their foes chasing them; and during the night the awful voice of Fekai ceased not to ring in their ears as she taunted and reviled them.

On the fourth day land was seen; and Longa-poa said to his men, “Let us go ashore on that island. Here will we make a stand against our foes. We shall be there before them, for we are still leading. Leap ashore quickly, my men, as soon as the canoe touches the beach; then shall we be all in order, and ready to smite them as they land.”

So they steered for the shore, and Fekai yelled with joy. “They are going to land,” she cried; “now we have them! They are going to flee to the land.”

But when they were not yet near the island a great and terrible thing befell; for they sailed into water that was leaping and bubbling like a boiling pot; and a raging current seized the two canoes, whirling them round and round, and carrying them nearer and nearer to a great black rock, where the water plunged downwards, white and roaring, into a deep, dark cavern, which was — as our fathers said — one of the places where men’s ghosts went down to Bulu, the land of spirits. Here the two canoes were brought close together; but no one thought of smiting his foe, for they all crouched down in speechless terror, and even Fekai was silent. Her canoe was the first to go. Never before had her tongue been idle; but silent she went to her death, and there was an end to her scolding.

When Longa-poa saw her canoe plunge down into the abyss, his soul came back to him again. “She is gone!” he cried; and he laughed in the face of Death. “Cheer up, my men, for there is yet a chance. Stand you all ready, and when we come close to the rock, leap for your lives.”

And even as he spoke, the canoe was caught by the downward rush, and whirled swiftly towards the rock.

“Leap!” shouted Longa-poa, springing forward with a mighty bound, and clutching a bush which grew out of a cleft in the rock. It was a fearful leap; and he, alone of them all, reached the shore. Looking back, he saw that they had all gone down, excepting one young man, who, though he fell into the water, had leaped far enough to clutch the rock with his hands. He held on for a moment, and then with a cry of “Farewell, my chief!” he loosed his hold, and gave himself to death. A pang smote the heart of Longa-poa; but so full of joy was he at the thought of being now rid of Fekai for evermore, that his being left thus alone in a strange land seemed but a little thing; and clambering over the rock, he came to a sandy beach, where he lay down at the foot of a palm tree and fell asleep, for he was faint and weary.

THE TREE OF FEASTS

Nevertheless, when he awoke in the morning his soul was very sad, for he thought of his brave men, of all the wars to which they had followed him; how true and faithful they had ever been, even when he led them into the very jaws of death. Moreover, he now began to think of Tonga, his native land, and the longing to return thither was like a burning fire in his soul. But how was he to get back? His canoe was sunk, and his men were dead! Truly in an evil case was Longa-poa! He began to be very hungry also, for heaviness of soul does not do away with emptiness of stomach. So he said, “If I stay here I shall perish with hunger; I will go and look for food. If the dwellers on this land meet me and kill me, I can but die.” So, taking a heavy stick in his hand, he set forth on his search after something to eat.

All that day he searched, but nothing did he find, neither food, nor dwelling, nor any living thing — not so much as even a crab, for it was an empty land. There were palms along the beach, but the coconuts on them were small, not one of them was as large as an orange; and when the second night came on Longa-poa threw himself upon the ground in utter despair, weeping and moaning because of his wretched fate. Then there came a shrill voice to his ears from the darkness above him, calling, “Longa-poa! Longa-poa!”

“Who calls me?” he cried, springing to his feet in great fear; but still the voice continued its call, “Longa-poa! Longa-poa!”

“Here am I, my lord,” he said again; “here is that wretched man. But who are you, my lord? Who is it that speaks to me?” And moving round the palm-tree, at the foot of which he had been lying, he saw a strange thing between him and the star-lit sky, for just on the very end of a long palm-leaf, which would not have supported the weight of a rat without bending, there sat astride a little old man, bobbing up and down as the leaf swayed and tossed in the night wind. Very little was he, no taller than the length of an arm from hand to elbow; but his head was big, and so were his eyes, which glared through the darkness, glowing like firebrands, so that Longa-poa could see the face of the little old man because of the brightness that shone from his eyes; and his heart died within him, for he knew that it was a god who had spoken.

“What are you crying for, Longa-poa?” asked the little old man. “What are you crying for? You are a god, you know. You said so when you killed the whale. What then are you crying for? It is not the custom of the gods to weep?”

Then was the chief terribly afraid; and he crouched down on the ground, clapping his hands softly. “Be not angry, my lord,” said he in a low tone. “Let not your soul be evil against me. Those were foolish words. But many are dead; let that suffice; is it not enough?”

“Where is your wife, Longa-poa?” asked the little old man again, chuckling a grim laugh as he swayed up and down on the end of the palm-leaf. “Where is Fekai? Where can I find that excellent woman? Why did you flee from her, Longa-poa? You are a god, you know. You said so when you killed the whale. Why then did you run away? It is not the custom of the gods to flee before women.”

“I wish you had her to wife,” said Longa-poa within himself. “She would make you glad to run away, god though you be.” But he took good care not to utter his thought aloud, and his only answer was a groan.

“Where are your men, Longa-poa?” cried the little old man. “Where are those great and mighty gods? They are gods, you know. They said so when they killed the whale. Surely they are not drowned in the whirlpool over there! It is not the custom of the gods to drown,” And once more Longa-poa answered with a groan.

“Are you hungry, Longa-poa?” his tormentor asked. “What are your worshippers about? for you are a god, you know. Why do they not make a feast for you? It is not the way of the gods to be hungry. They eat and are full.”

Then was the chiefs soul hot within him, and he was mad with rage; nevertheless he answered not a word, and the little old man mocked on.

“Do you want to go back to Tonga, Longa-poa?” said he with a grin. “Where is your canoe? Is it at anchor, or is it perhaps hauled up on the beach? Call your men, Longa-poa; hoist your sail and start, for the wind is fair. You are a god, you know, and the gods go whither they will.”

“Look you!” cried Longa-poa, starting to his feet, “let there be an end to these words of yours. It is enough. I will bear with you no longer. My canoe is sunk; my men are drowned; I am hungry; I want to go to Tonga; a stranger am I in a strange land. These are the things that made me weep. And now come down from the tree and kill me if you like. I can but die, and death is not so bitter as are bitter words to one who is helpless and without a friend.”

Then the little old man screamed with laughter. Long and loud laughed he from his perch on the palm-leaf. “Well spoken, Longa-poa!” he cried at last. “Good are your words! You are a brave man after all, though you be not a god, and I will take pity upon you. Be of good cheer, for your troubles are over. Get ready now an oven, for your hunger must first be appeased.”

“You are mocking me,” said Longa-poa. “Why should I make ready an oven? Where is the food?”

“Dig out the oven and heat it,” said the other. “That is your share of the work, the food is mine.” So he got ready the oven, digging it in the sand, and putting dry sticks in it with stones on the top of them, and the god dropped a fire-stick down to him to light the wood. After a time the little old man spoke again —

“Is the oven ready?” he asked. “Are the stones well heated? Go now to that tree on your right hand and break ofF a small branch. Bring it hither. Lay it on the hot stones, and cover the oven with plenty of earth.”

But the chief was very angry. “This is worse than all your taunts,” he cried. “What is the use of baking a stick? Come down from the tree and kill me at once!”

“Do as I bid you, foolish man!” the god replied. “Follow my words, and your hunger shall be satisfied. Why should you wish to die?”

Then Longa-poa laid the branch in the oven and covered it up, heaping the earth carefully over it. And having done this, he sat down in silence and in great unbelief, while the little old man, with the big head and fiery eyes, went on swinging himself up and down on the end of the palm-leaf

“The food is cooked,” he cried at length. “Dig up your feast, Longa-poa, for it is ready.”

And Longa-poa cleared the earth from the top of the oven, expecting to find nothing but a scorched branch in it. But as soon as he thrust in the piece of wood he had used as a digging-stick a savoury steam rose up into his nostrils, and he shouted aloud for joy.

“It smells well,” said the little old man, sniffing the air. “Ah, the pleasant smell! Dig, Longa-poa, dig! and let us feast together.”

A joyful man was Longa-poa when he had cleared away the earth with which the oven had been covered; for there, under the large leaves which he had laid upon the branch, as the custom is before the earth-covering is put upon the food in an oven, he saw a great pig, and ducks, and fowls, and turtle, and all manner of fish, and yams, and sweet potatoes — a rich feast, all well cooked, pleasant to see, and sweet to smell. “Here now is a wonderful thing!” said Longa-poa.

So they ate together till their hunger was satisfied. Longa-poa made full amends for his long abstinence; but, though he was so many sizes larger than his companion — all but his head — he could not eat one-tenth part as much as the little old man did, and he was lost in wonderment to know how he had bestowed it.

“I am thirsty,” said the little old man at last.

“Climb one of these palms, Longa-poa, and throw down me green coconuts, that we may drink.” “The nuts are small, my lord,” the chief replied. “There is not one full-grown one on the island. Have I not been searching all the day?”

“Climb nevertheless,” said the other, and Longa-poa did as he bade him, throwing down a cluster of the little nuts. Then, coming down from the tree, he fixed a pointed stick slanting in the ground, with which he tore off the husks; and piercing the eye of a nut, he gave it to the little old man, and then made one ready for himself He drank and drank again till his thirst was fully satisfied, and when he ceased there was milk still in the nut, although he had drunk till he could drink no more. “Here again is a wonderful thing!” he cried. “Truly this is a land of wonders.” At this the little old man laughed a merry laugh.

“And now, Longa-poa,” said he, “it is time that you were going, if you want to get to Tonga before sunrise.”

“To Tonga!” cried the chief in a doleful voice, while his eyes grew moist. “Tonga before sunrise! Wonderful was the feast, and wonderful the nut; but Tonga before sunrise, that were the most wonderful of all! Why! the stars are already growing pale in the east. Take pity upon me, my lord, and mock me no more.”

“Man of an unbelieving soul!” said the god. “Why will you still doubt my words? Is it then so great a thing that I should be able to send you back to your home before the sun rises from the sea? Not so! It is but a little thing. Go now to the tree whence you cut the branch, and take thence a slip, that you may plant it in Tonga, and hunger no more for ever. Then come back hither to me.”

So Longa-poa did as the god bade him; and when he returned, behold a bird great and terrible! — so tall that the tops of the palms looked but breast-high against it, as it walked upon the ground, and he was afraid.

“Fear not!” said the little old man. “It is my bird, and it will do you no harm. Tie yourself to its legs with your waistcloth. Tie yourself tight to it above its knee, and fear not. It will take you back to your land; and when you reach Tonga, plant then at once that slip from the Tree of Feasts. Plant it before sunrise. Be sure to do that. Before sunrise; do not forget! And now, Longa-poa, farewell, for it is time to go; the middle of the night is past.”

“I am your man, my lord,” said the chief, as he tied himself to the leg of the bird above its knee. “ Henceforth and for ever will I be your man, for you surely are the mightiest of all the gods.” And therewith the great bird spread its wings and flew swiftly away. When it rose from the earth it drew up its legs and thus held him tightly to its breast so that he went safely and at his ease.

“Farewell, Longa-poa,” shouted the little old man after him, in his shrill voice that carried so far. “Farewell! Remember to plant the slip before sunrise I And, Longa-poa! if ever you chance to kill another whale, don’t reckon yourself therefore to be a god.” And a shrill cackle of laughter came faintly up, as the bird rose higher and higher into the night.

When the day had begun to break over the land, the bird alighted upon Tonga-tibu, near to the town of the king; whereupon Longa-poa untied himself from its leg, and ran up into the town, wellnigh beside himself with joy; and whom should he see coming out of the king’s house, but his own little son, Vea, his only child! And, when he saw him, he had no thought for aught else, albeit the twig was still in his hand, for had he not his boy in his arms, clinging round his neck, and crying aloud, “My father! My father! It is my father. He is not dead, as they told me. He has come back to me again. My father! My own father!” And the shouting woke the king.

“What is this?” he cried in anger. “What is the meaning of this?” and seizing his club, he rushed out of doors. But, when he saw who it was, he threw down the club, and running up to Longa-poa, he caught him in his arms, and kissed him, weeping over him, for he loved him, and had long thought that he had been dead.

Quickly spread the news, and soon the whole town was in an uproar, all the people running together towards the king’s house to see the great chief who had just returned to his own. Only Fonua came not with them, for she was ashamed. She had grown tired of waiting for Pulu, and had married one-eyed Lua, who beat her every day.

“Come into the house, Longa-poa,” said the king, “for the sun is hot outside.”

“The sun!” cried Longa-poa with a start, and looking down upon the twig which he still carried in his hand, he continued, “The sun! Wretched man that I am!” And hastily scratching a hole in the ground with his fingers, he thrust the slip into it, and called some of the men to put a fence round it at once. To this the king gave permission at his request, for it was within his own precincts. “What is it? Why are you troubled, Longa-poa?” he asked. “Let us go into the house,” was the reply, “and I will tell you all. It is a long tale, and sad.”

So they went in together, and the house was filled with people who had a place there; and Longa-poa told all that had befallen him, to which the king and the people listened in breathless silence, till he had done; and then the king said, “Marvellous things are these!” and the people answered, “It is true!”

There was much rejoicing that day in Tonga-tabu because the great chief — the wise, the mighty, the pillar of the land — who had been mourned as dead, had at last returned. But there was much weeping also among the kinsfolk of the dead.

“And so Fekai is gone!” said the king. “Truly she was a wonderful woman. Let us make ready to-day her death-feast. A rich feast, my people, for she was a great lady, and the daughter of a king.”

So the people made ready the death-feast, and mourned for Fekai, because she was dead. Many voices were loud in their wail, but never an eye was wet with tears; and when the old man, Afu, spoke aloud, the feast being over, and said, “She who never did aught but evil while she lived, has done good in her death; for on her account I have eaten, and am full,” they all burst into a roar of laughter, and Longa-poa’s laugh was the loudest of all.

Now the king had no sons. Daughters had he in plenty, but his wife had given him no sons. So, when he died in the following year, Longa-poa was made Tui, or Master, of Tonga, and ruled in his stead, for he was of the royal kin, and all the people honoured him. A good king was Longa-poa, for he learned many things from what had befallen him during his travels; so that he became kinder of heart, and more humble of soul, than he was when Fekai threw the tuft of hair in his face, and drove him away with her stick.

The slip, which he planted from the Tree of Feasts, grew up strong and flourishing; but when he baked a branch of it, as he had done in the empty land, no savoury steam came forth from the oven, and nothing but a branch was found therein, when it was afterwards uncovered; for had not the sun risen before the slip was planted? And often, as he looked upon the tree, he said with a sigh, “Oh that I had remembered the words of the little old man!” And thus here ends the Story of Longa-poa.


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How the Fijians Learned to Build Canoes

Old Tui Nayau recounts the tale of Dengei, the Great Serpent, who taught the chosen “Boat-builders” the art of canoe-making, granting them power over Fiji. However, pride led Rokola and Kausam-baria to kill Dengei’s sacred dove. In his wrath, Dengei unleashed a flood, scattering the Boat-builders across Fiji, making them servants. This event, rich in myth, explains Fiji’s canoe-building tradition.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the origin of canoe-building skills among the Fijians, detailing how the Great Serpent Dengei taught the chosen tribe this art, which significantly influenced their society.

Divine Punishment: Dengei’s wrath manifests when Rokola and Kausam-baria kill his sacred dove, leading him to unleash a devastating flood as retribution for their actions.

Conflict with Authority: The chosen tribe’s defiance against Dengei’s authority, culminating in the killing of his sacred dove, highlights their rebellion against divine command.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

“They tell me,” said old Tui Nayau, “that you have been to the hill of Kau-vandra, where stands the temple of Dengei, the Great Serpent, In the old times our -fathers feared that spot, and reverenced it greatly, for there dwelt the Great Serpent whom they worshipped. “In those days Bau was not the greatest kingdom in Fiji, as it is now. There were then no boat-builders among us, and our fathers made no canoes, for they knew not how to fashion them. They were living in a wretched way, each tribe dwelling apart in its own land; for there were no canoes to sail from one island to another. So the Great Serpent took pity upon them, and chose a tribe whom he called ‘The Boat-builders,’ and them he taught the art of canoe-building, giving them also the entire rule over Great Fiji, so that in those days they were a great and powerful people, and Bau was of little account.

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“And indeed it was easy for them to become great, for they alone of all the dwellers in Fiji knew how to build canoes; so that men came from afar, begging to be taken as their servants, that they too might learn how to make the wonderful vessels which would carry men over the waters in safety. Thus, in the course of time, they grew proud and haughty, and were often disobedient to the Great Serpent; but he bore with them, for he loved them well.

“Now the Great Serpent dwelt on the hill of Kau-vandra, in Great Fiji; but all the country round about he gave to the tribe that he had chosen; and they built their town on the top of a high hill, where they dwelt in safety, for no enemy could get at them; and often did the god come among them, and talk with them, teaching them many things, so that they were wiser than all other men. These days were good days, for they dwelt in great peace and plenty.

“When it was evening, the Great Serpent used to go to a cave in the hill of Kau-vandra, and there laid him down to sleep. When he closed his eyes then it was dark, and men said, ‘Night is come over the land;’ when he turned himself over in his sleep, the earth shook, and men said, ‘It is an earthquake;’ and at dawn of day, when he opened his eyes, then darkness fled away, and men said, ‘It is morning.’

“Now there was a beautiful black dove, whose duty it was to awake him when it was morning. It slept always on a ‘Baka’ (or banyan) tree, which grew hard by the mouth of the Great Serpent’s cave, whence its voice, ‘Kru, kru, kru, kru,’ always roused him when it was time for the night to depart, and for the day to come over the land. Then he would get up, and call across the valley to the Boat-builders, saying, ‘Rise up, my children, and work; for the morning has come.’

“Therefore Rokola, chief of the Boat-builders, and Kausam-baria, his brother, hated the dove; for they had grown proud and idle, and they said, ‘Why should we thus work, work, work for ever? Work is for slaves, but we are chiefs, great and mighty. Let our slaves work, for they are many; as for us, we will rest. Come, let us kill the dove; and if the Great Serpent be angry, let him be angry. We will fight with him; for we are many and strong, and he is but one, though he be a god.’

“So they took their bows and arrows, and crept beneath the banyan tree, where the dove was sleeping. Then said Rokola to his brother, ‘I will shoot first. If I miss, then do you shoot;’ and his brother replied, ‘It is well. Shoot. I am ready.’ So Rokola shot, and his arrow pierced the breast of the dove, so that it fell dead to the ground, and the two brothers fled away to their town.

“When the Great Serpent awoke from his sleep, he wondered that he did not hear the voice of his dove; so he came forth from his cave, and looked up into the banyan tree, saying, ‘Ah, lazy one, must it be my business to wake you nowadays? But where are you?’ for he saw that she was not in the tree, on the branch where she always sat.

“Then, looking on the ground, he spied the dove, with the arrow sticking in her breast. Great was his grief for the dove, and great also was his rage; for he knew the arrow of Rokola, and, shouting across the valley with a terrible voice, he cried, ‘Woe to you, Rokola, and unto you all, O Boat-builders, ungrateful ones, because you have killed my dove! Now is your kingdom taken away, and given to the children of Bau. And I will scatter you among all the peoples of Fiji, making you their servants.’

“But the Boat-builders shouted back across the valley: ‘We fear you not, Great Serpent. We are many, and you are but one, though you be a god. Come, let us fight together. As we have served your dove, so also will we serve you; for we fear you not. Great Serpent, though you be a god.’ And they built a war-fence, strong, and wide, and high; whilst the Great Serpent sat on the hill of Kau-vandra, mocking them, and crying aloud, ‘Build your fences strong. Carry them up to the sky; for a god is your enemy.’ They also defied him, for they trusted in their war-fence, and in their numbers.

“When they had finished, Rokola shouted across the valley, ‘It is done. Come, let us fight, that our children may say in the days hereafter, “Our fathers ate the Great Serpent, the god who lived on the hill of Kau-vandra.” ‘

“Then the god arose in his wrath, and threw his club up into the sky; and the clouds were broken in pieces, and fell down to the earth in a deluge of rain. Many days did the rain continue — it was not like the rain which now falls upon the earth, but a great and terrible pouring out of waters — and the sea rose, flowing in over the land, a dreadful sight. Higher and ever higher rose the wave, till it swept away the war-fence of the Boat-builders, and their town with all its people. Rokola and many more were drowned; but many also (some two thousand, perhaps) floated away on trees and rafts and canoes, drifting along hither and thither over the waters, till they landed, some here and some there, on the mountain tops which were still above the waves, and begged their lives of the dwellers in the lands, who had fled thither before the rising waters. So that, when the sea went back again to its own place, they were taken down into the valleys in every kingdom, and became the servants of the chiefs, building their canoes, as at this day.

“As for the banyan tree, on which the dove used to sit, it was carried away by the great flood to Vatu-lele. Now Vatu-lele, in those days, was nothing but a reef, like Navatu, with no land upon it; but so much earth was still clinging to the roots of the banyan tree, that it became a land, and men came and dwelt thereon. “And this is how we, the men of Fiji, learned to build our canoes.”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

How the Livuka Men Came Up to Windward

This tale recounts the journey of the Livuka people, descendants of Bauan fishermen, exiled after angering their lords. Guided by divine intervention, they sailed to Lakemba, encountering Lady Langi, a banished princess. Their voyages brought them to new lands like Thithia and Ono, where gods, deceit, and tragedy shaped their fate. The story reflects loyalty, divine will, and loss, with echoes of drowned children’s songs still haunting Ono’s shores.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Authority: The Livuka men face challenges with their lords, leading to their exile and subsequent search for a new homeland.

Loss and Renewal: The narrative details the loss of their ancestral home and the renewal found in establishing themselves in new territories.

Echoes of the Past: The haunting songs of drowned children on Ono’s shores serve as a lingering reminder of past tragedies affecting the present.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by Inoke (Enoch) Wangka-Qele

We, the children of Livuka, who live at Lakemba, are not Lakemba men. Our fathers dwelt at Bau, and that was their land till a tribe came over from Great Fiji and fought with them many days, till our fathers’ souls were small within them, and they carried an “ oro” — a peace-offering — to the warriors, and said, “Let us live that we may be your servants.” To this the chiefs answered, “You shall live and be our fishermen:” so our fathers became the fishermen of the children of Bau. This was in the old, old days when we were many, and lived all together in our own land. We were two tribes — the men of Bu-toni, who dwelt on the beach; and the men of Livuka, whose place was on the high ground, whence they were called “Dwellers on the Hill”; and those days were good days, for the Bauans treated us well.

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They were great men and tall, chiefs and chief-like in their ways, and we loved them, and went with them to their wars, conquering everywhere, so that our land became great and mighty, and all the towns along the coast feared us, and brought us presents, and owned us as their rulers. A great fish was the root of the evil which sprang up between us and the children of Bau, whereby we were driven away from our land — the land of our fathers — and came to be scattered here and there over all Fiji; and this is how it befell. Some of our tribe went out on the reef to fish, and there they speared a fish, great and long, such as had never been seen before, nor did any man know its name — only it was very big, and its flesh was sweet and good Then our people said, “Why should we take this great fish to our lords, the children of Bau? Let us rather eat it ourselves; and let every one keep silence that the thing may not be known, lest our lords be angry, and so evil befall us.” And they ate the fish, and no one said a word about the matter; no, not even the women, so that the thing was not known. But one of our boys took a rib of the fish, and made therewith a bow, for it was long, and tough, and good to make bows withal; his mother, Nabuna, put the roe in her basket for bait, and they two went out together on to the reef to fish. Now, some of the children of Bau also were out on the reef, and they saw the lad shooting at the fish with his bow; so they said, “The bow! its whiteness! See how it shines in the sun!” Then they called the boy. “You, there! Here, show us your bow! Why, this is not wood, nor is it the bone of a man! What is it?” And the lad said: “It is the bone, my lords, of a great fish.” “A great fish! What fish? Who caught it? When was it caught?” What was done with it?”

“We caught it, my lords,” answered the boy. “We speared it out there, and we all ate it in our town. See, there, my mother, Nabuna, she goes carrying its roe in her fish-basket.”

Then were the Bauans angry — great was their anger — and they said, “ Let us kill these impudent fellows, and burn their town.” So they made ready for war, and our people sat in their houses trembling, and the town was filled with their crying, as they said: “Alas! the great fish! Why did we eat it, and not give it to our lords, our lords of Bau? Now, we are all dead men; we are but ‘bokolas’ — bodies for the oven.” And the Bauans came on to the attack; but, just as they began to raise the war-cry, a great wave came slowly in from the sea, rising higher and ever higher as they went on, but stopping when they stopped. Then, while they were wondering as to what the meaning of this great thing could be, the god entered into the priest, who fell down to the ground, shaking and convulsed, and the people gathered round him, waiting to know the mind of the god. And the god said, “Let them not die, the men of Livuka and the men of Bu-toni; let them live. Only drive them out of the land. Let them now see to the fastenings of their canoes, and when that is done let them hoist their sails, and I will take them to the lands whither I wish them to go.” So the Bauans said: “It is well — let them live;” and our people began to bind their canoes, and to make all things ready for sailing.

Now, about this time, this is what was happening at Lakemba. The king had had a great piece of native cloth made for him, and it was laid out on the grass to bleach, for it was not yet painted. Then, one day as he was going to bathe, he said to his daughter Langi, the Sky-Lady, “I am going to bathe. Let it be your business to watch that cloth. If it should rain, make haste and run with it into the house.” And the Lady Langi said: “It is good; let it be my business.” Then the king went away, and his daughter looked up to the heavens, to the north, to the south, to the east, and to the west, and there was not even a little cloud to be seen; so she said, “There will be no rain; I will lie down and sleep in the shade.” And so it was, that while she slept the sky grew black with clouds, and when she awoke the cloth was utterly spoilt by the rain. When her father came back from the bath he was very angry, and cried out, “What is this? You, O idler! you, O sleepyhead I you, O useless one! What have you been doing?” And he flogged her till his arm was weary, and drove her away from the house. Then the Lady Langi went weeping to the beach, and gathered many old coconuts, tying them together till she had built up a great heap below high-water mark, and thereon she sat, waiting for the tide, for the reef was dry. Then, when the tide came in, she floated away out to sea on her heap of nuts before the trade-wind, which was blowing gently, and which carried her onwards towards Ra over the waters, as she sat weeping for her father, and her friends, and her home. Two days she drifted onward, and then she spied a great bird flying towards her from afar, and she was afraid, and hid herself among the nuts. Then the bird flew down and settled on the nuts — a bird great and terrible; and the lady said, “If I stay here, I shall die in the midst of the waters. I will fasten myself to this bird, and perhaps it will carry me to land.” So she tied herself to one of its breast feathers, and presently the bird rose again and flew onwards to Ra, carrying her with it, while the nuts were left drifting on the waves. All the night it flew, and just before the morning dawned it came to Kamba, and there lighted down. Now Kamba in those days had no man dweUing thereon; it was empty, and our fathers used to go thither from Bau in the evenings to set their fish-snares, always returning in the morning to take them up. So, when the Lady Langi found herself upon the ground, she untied herself from the feather, and the great bird flew away, leaving her there alone in an empty land.

When the sun had climbed up a little, an old man, a chief among our people, came over in his canoe from Bau to take up his fish-snares; and walking along the beach he met the Lady Langi. When he saw her he was afraid, for she was tall and fair, and like a great lady, and her look was different from the look of the children of Ra. So he cried out and said, “Who are you? You are a god! Let me live!” And she said, “It is you who are a god: I am but a mortal.” Then the old man asked who she was and whence she came, and she told him all, saying, “I am the daughter of the Lord of Nayau, whose land is Lakemba, and many islands are subject to him.”

“Lakemba! Lakemba!” said the old chief. “Where is Lakemba?”

“Over there, far away where the sun rises;” and then she went on to tell him how the rain had spoilt the cloth, and how she could not endure the anger of the king, and so drifted away on the bundle of nuts that she might die in the midst of the waters, and how the great bird had brought her there to Kamba. Then was the old man full of wonder, and he said, “Truly the gods have sent you to me, and I will take you back to the king your father, and to Lakemba your land; for I am a chief among the ‘Dwellers on the Hill’ and our lords of Bau are angry with us, and the mind of the god has been declared that we should sail away and look for a land wherein to dwell. So now I will take you back to your father, and he will be of a good mind to me for your sake, and give me a land whereon I may dwell with my people. Only know this, that I must hide you at Bau till we are ready to go, and you must lie close in my house; for, if any one sees you or hears your voice, you will die; for they will know by your look and by your tongue that you are a stranger.” So he took her back with him to Bau, and when he was near the land he lowered the sail and rolled therein the Lady Langi, and so carried her up to his house, where he laid her in the sail upon the loft above the fireplace. Then he hurried his men on with their work, fearing lest the lady should be found, and every day he carried her food and drink by stealth; and she lay still and silent for many days till all the canoes were ready for sea. Then he carried her on board, having built a high fence all round the deck-house of his canoe, so that no man could look therein. And there he put her, telling his people that one of the gods had promised to sail with them — only that they must not look into his dwelling-place lest he should be angry and evil should befal them. So they were afraid, and no one dared to look within the fence of the little house, but when they had to pass it they knelt down and crawled lest they should look over the top of the fence and die. And every day the old chief carried the best pieces of their food and put them within the fence for the Lady Langi, so that she dwelt in plenty. The wind was light and the water smooth, and on the second day all the canoes came in safety to Koro; and there the Bu-toni men said, “This land is a good land. Here will we stay. We will go no farther.” So they stayed and became the fishermen of the land, and there they dwell to this day. Thus our fathers went on sailing, some staying here and some there, till those who were left came to Long Island (Vanua Balevu, or Levu). Then they said to the old chief, “Why should we sail — sail — sail continually? Is not this a good and fruitful land? Here let us stay, for why should we die in the midst of the waters?” But the old man said, “No! We will not stay. Let us sail on. There are better lands farther ahead.” But nevertheless his mind was uneasy, and he went in the night to the Lady Langi, and asked her, “Where then is this land of yours? See now we have been sailing many days, and we have not yet found it.” And she said, “Let not your soul be small. It is near. If you sail over there to-morrow you will see an island before the sun goes down. Its name is Thithia, and it is the boundary of our land.” So they sailed, and the wind was fair and took them to Thithia before nightfall. That night they slept on board their canoes, and in the morning they went ashore, the old chief last, taking the Lady Langi with him because they had now come within the boundaries of her father’s land. Now as they were walking along the beach the Thithia women met them with nets in their hands, for they were going out on the reef to fish; and among them was an old woman who had lived long at Lakemba, and who knew the Lady Langi well. So, when she saw her with the Livuka men, she wondered and said, “How like the Lady Langi is that strange lady! Her very face!” Then went she down to the Livuka women and said, “Tell me, is that our Lady Langi whom you have brought? She for whose death we have wept and mourned these many days?”

And they answered scornfully, “You and your Lady Langi! What have we to do with your Sky-Lady? We have brought none of your ladies. Our god only have we carried with us, and he is still on board.” But now the old woman was near to the girl, and saw her and knew her, and fell down before her, kissing her feet and crying, “It is our lady, our dear lady! She lives! She lives! She for whom we have mourned and wept! She has come back again!” and she ran up to the town shouting as she went, “Our lady is not dead! She lives! She has come back to us again — our lady, our dear Lady Langi!” Then all the chiefs and the people came running down to the beach, and great was their joy when they saw their lady alive and well; and great too was their love to the men of Livuka because they had brought her back safe and sound. So they made them large presents, building for them a house and filling it with wealth, there to stay till they could come and fetch it.

And on the morrow our fathers hoisted their sails and went on to Naiau, where also the people did as the Thithia men had done, and gave them a house filled with wealth. One night only did our fathers stay at Naiau, and then, the wind being fair, they sailed away to Lakemba and furled their sails at Wangka-talatha, sending five of their number up to the town to report. So these five walked on towards the town with their turbans on, talking loudly, after the manner of chiefs; and the Lakemba men who were working in their gardens saw them, and said to one another, “See the strangers! Where do they come from? The loudness of their voices! Their turbans! They must be chiefs from a land of chiefs!” and they followed them up to the town. When the five reached the town they asked, “Where is the house of the king?” and went straightway thither that they might tell him the news. Now the king was asleep under his mosquito curtains, and the women in the house were all silent that they might not wake him; but these five men asked in a loud voice, “Where is the Lord of Nayau?” And the women answered in a whisper, “The king sleeps.”

“Wake him then,” said the five. But the women were afraid. However, their loud talk woke him out of his sleep, and he came and sat down before them, asking where they were from, and who they were. “You, O chiefs, whence do you come?”

And they said, “From Ra.”

“From Ra! Ra? Where, then, is Ra?”

“We are from Bau,” they answered.

“Bau! And where is Bau?” So they told him about their land.

“Good, now, is our life,” said the king. “We, the men of Lakemba, thought we were the only people in the world, but now we find that there is another kingdom down at Ra, whose name is Bau. Truly the world is larger than we thought it was.”

“The world, sir,” said the Livuka men, “is still larger than that; for besides this your kingdom and that of Bau, there is that of Great Fiji, which is so large that you could not sail round it with a fair wind in four days. There is also Long Island, which is a land great and full of people, and beyond it are the Yasawas, which, however, are but small; and there the earth ends and all beyond is water. We, the men of Livuka, when we dwelt at Bau, thought that there was no land but that which we could see; but now we have seen all the earth in our sailing to this your kingdom, and know that it is very great indeed. Of a truth, sir, the world is large.”

Then was the king full of wonder, and said, “Woi! Woi! These are great things that we hear. Listen, my people, that you may be wise and know more than your fathers knew. And you, O chiefs, what good thing was it that sent you sailing to this poor land of mine?”

Then the orator, the salt of words, made his report, and told the king how they had come sailing from Bau, bringing with them his daughter, the Lady Langi, that they might rejoice and be glad with him. But the mind of the king was troubled, and he said, “Speak not thus, ye strange chiefs — your words are not just — for we have long ago eaten the death-feast, and our eyes are dry after the weeping for my daughter; and now you say, ‘We have brought her with us.’ Why should you speak thus, and make sore my soul?”

Then said our fathers, “Let there not be even so much as a little doubt in your mind as to the truth of our words. Why should we come here bringing a lie? Is it not easy to come at the truth? If we do not bring your child, then let us die.”

Then did their words pierce the soul of the king, and he cried out, “You, O chiefs! You are gods! You are gods! O Bulu, Spiritland, have you brought my daughter back to me? But where is she? Have you really brought her hither to this land?”

“She is here, sir,” answered our fathers. “Our canoes are anchored at Wangka-talatha, and we come now to know your mind as to when we shall bring her up to your lordly town. To-day, or to-morrow, or on that day which shall seem good to the great king.”

Then was the king full of joy, and he said, “Not to-day nor to-morrow, O chiefs. Be of a good mind and wait four days that we may make ready all things for you, and welcome you with feasts and presents, as it is right that you should be welcomed, you the great chiefs whom the gods have sent us.” And our fathers said, “Good is the word of the king. We will wait. And now we will go back to our canoes.”

So on the fifth day, when the tide was high, they poled their canoes along the shallows from Wangka-talatha up to the beach below the town, bringing with them the lady, the Lady Langi, and singing the song of the god “Roko-ua.” And on the beach all the Lakemba men were gathered together, waiting to receive their lady, and every one who had a canoe leapt on board, two men to each canoe, in a long line from the shore; and, joining their hands, they made a path for the Lady Langi that she might walk thereon to the land. And down to the shore they brought a bale of native cloth, one end of which lay in the water; and they unrolled the bale as the lady went forward, so that it was her path up to the town, whither the chiefs led her with great respect. And the children of Livuka followed, dancing the dance of spears, and singing the song of the god.

Great was the feasting, and rich the presents given to our fathers. Land also was given them, whereon they built the town of Livuka, where we have dwelt to this day; and hot was the friendship between them and the children of Lakemba, though it was not long before they began to be evil-minded the one towards the other, and war sprang up between them. But if you wish to hear the tale of that war, and how our fathers attacked and took Kendi-kendi, the town of the king, you must ask the Chief Sakinsa, for he knows it all, having heard all about it from his fathers; and his mind is even as a book, wherein are written plainly all things that the men of Livuka did in the old, old days.

Well — we were many, and the land was small; so our fathers said: “Let some of us go on board our great canoe with our wives and our children, and sail farther on; for it may be that the gods will give us a dwelling-place in the lands to windward.” So they sailed and came to Oneata, and danced there the dance of spears. From Oneata they hoisted their sails, steering for Vatoa, and there, too, they danced the dance of spears; but the land did not please them, nor could they see any other farther on, though they climbed to the top of the highest hill. Then they said, “This is the end of the earth. There is now nothing but water beyond this land. Let us go on board and sail back again to Lakemba.” But it so fell out that, while they were dancing, two gods, who lived in the hollow stump of a tree, heard the clashing of the spears and the tramp of feet, and the song of the god. So they said, “What is this? What new thing is this?” and put up their heads to look at the strangers. Now there was on board the canoe one of the Livuka men, who did not go on shore with the rest, because he was a leper, and he saw the two gods peeping out of the hollow stump. Then he called loudly to his fellows: “ Ya! Ya! Here! Come here! Make haste!” But they would not come; and still he called till they were angry, and some of the young men ran down to the beach and cursed him for breaking in upon their dance and song. But still he said, “Come here! Come here quickly!” and told them about the two gods that he had seen.

Then they said, “Make haste! Loose the stay of the mast!” and they loosed the stay, and crept up with it in their hands to the hollow stump, hiding themselves behind it, and after they had made a running noose in the end of the rope which they put over the top of the stump, they signed to the rest to go on with the dance of the spears and the song of the god. So the dance and the song went on again, and, as soon as the two gods lifted their heads above the stump, the young men pulled the rope and the gods were caught in the running noose. Then all the men of Livuka came running down brandishing their weapons, and crying, “You two, who have been looking at our dance, you shall both die!”

At this the two gods said, “Let us live, and we will be the gods of your houses.” But our fathers said, “No! We want no gods for our houses. You shall die!”

“Let us live, and we will be the gods of your sailing.”

“No! We sail whithersoever we please. We want no gods for our sailing. You must die!”

“Let us live, that we may be the gods of your wars.”

“No! We hill-dwellers are chiefs. When we are hungry, we kill our enemies. We make war by our own might, and they flee — our enemies, they fly before us. We want no gods to fight our battles. You must die!”

“Let us live, and we will take you to a land whereon you may dwell,” said the gods, weeping bitterly.

“A land! What land?” cried our fathers.

“Its name is Ono,” answered the gods. “A land great and pleasant. See, the wind is now fair. Hoist your sail, and we will take you thither. To-night shall you fasten your canoes to the shore.”

Then said our fathers: “It is well. Take us to Ono, and you shall live. Look now, we will bind you and carry you on board, and if we find you have lied to us, we will eat you.”

So they bound the two gods, and laid them down on the deck of the canoe with their feet towards the land to which they were sailing, and this they did because the two gods told them so to do; but it would have been better if they had not listened to their deceitful words, for then would Ono have been much nearer to Lakemba than it is at this day.

The wind was fair, and not long had they sailed before they saw the land, the land of Ono, and their hearts were glad, for they said, “Here now, at last, have we found a place wherein we may dwell;” but as they neared the shore it went back before them, and they sailed and sailed and sailed, but still the land was far away. Then the old man, the leper, crept forward and watched the two gods, and he found that as the canoe drew near the island, they kicked out with their feet; and when they kicked, the land went backwards, and this is the reason why Ono is now so far from Lakemba.

So he told the rest, and their anger was hot against the two gods, even to striking them with their clubs, so that they cried out and said, “Kill us not; only turn us round that we may not push away the land with our feet.” So they turned the gods round with their feet towards the stern of the canoe, and soon after reached the land, and anchored their canoe within the passage. Then they went ashore, leaving the children on board, and saying to them, “See that you do not loose these two deceitful ones. Watch them well, or they will do you a mischief; and we too, your fathers, we will make you eat of the whip.” So they went ashore, dancing the spear-dance and singing the song of the god; and the people of Ono took them by the hand and welcomed them, and when they had heard their report they gave them much land whereon to dwell, and there they live even to this day.

But, when the elder ones had gone ashore, the two gods began to beg the children to unloose them, saying, “You, O children of chiefs, untie our bonds and we will teach you a song — a new song, a beautiful song.” And the children said, “Let us untie them.” Thus they spoke all but one lad, whose soul was ripe, and he cried, “No, no! Untie them not. Have you already forgotten the words of our fathers? The whip is ready for us!” But they all said, “We will loose their bonds, that we may learn this beautiful song;” so they untied their hands and their feet, and let them go. Then the two gods said, “Do you sit down on the deck, and we two will climb the mast. and sing you our beautiful song.” So the children all sat down, while the two gods climbed the mast and sang: —

“Tuvana inland! Tuvana below!
Nasali is plainly in sight.
Burotu, we two are hiding it.”

These are little islands which you may see from the mast of a canoe in the Ono passage; excepting Burotu, and that we have never been able to find. It has been sometimes seen with the sun shining full upon it; but, when those who have seen it have steered towards it, it has grown fainter and fainter till it has vanished away like a cloud. The Matuku people say that sometimes burnt-out fishing torches of a strange make, with handles of shell, drift ashore on their land, and when they pick them up they say, “See the torches from Burotu!” And we know that in our day the chief called Mara — he who was hanged at Bau for rebellion — swore by the dead that he would find that land, and went sailing after it for many days; but he found it not, nor has any one else ever trodden it since the day that the two gods hid it from our eyes.

Well, they two sang that song to the children; and the children clapped their hands and said, “The song is a good song — the song is a good song.” But all the while the two evil ones were pulling downwards on the mast as hard as they could, and so hard did they pull that they pressed the canoe under water, and all the children were drowned. So that when the Livuka men came down again to the beach their canoe was sunk, and they saw nothing but the dead bodies of the children washed hither and thither by the waves. That was a day of much weeping as they buried their little ones along the shore; and still to this day, when the moon shines by night on the Ono passage, you may hear the voices of the drowned children singing, and this is ever the song which they sing:—

“Tuvana inland! Tuvana below!
Nasali is plainly in sight.
Burotu, they two are hiding it.”


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This Land is the Sea’s. Traditional Account of an Ancient Hawaiian Prophecy

Kaopulupulu, a revered priest of Oahu, foresaw his tragic fate and the downfall of King Kahahana through prophetic visions. Despite offering wise counsel, Kaopulupulu’s guidance was ignored, leading to his eventual execution and that of his son, Kahulupue. His prophecy, “This land is the sea’s,” symbolized the loss of sovereignty and foretold the foreign dominance over Hawaii. His legacy endures as a symbol of wisdom and resistance.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Prophecy and Fate: Kaopulupulu’s visions foretell the tragic events that unfold.

Conflict with Authority: Kaopulupulu challenges the king’s decisions, leading to fatal consequences.

Tragic Flaw: King Kahahana’s hubris and disregard for wisdom result in his demise.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


Translated from Moke Manu by Thos. G. Thrum

It is stated in the history of Kaopulupulu that he was famed among the kahunas of the island of Oahu for his power and wisdom in the exercise of his profession, and was known throughout the land as a leader among the priests. His place of residence was at Waimea, between Koolauloa and Waialua, Oahu. There he married, and there was born to him a son whom he named Kahulupue, and whom he instructed during his youth in all priestly vocations.

In after years when Kumahana, brother of Kahahana of Maui, became the governing chief (alii aimoku) of Oahu, Kahulupue was chosen by him as his priest.

► Continue reading…

This chief did evil unto his subjects, seizing their property and beheading and maiming many with the leiomano (shark’s tooth weapon) and pahoa (dagger), without provocation, so that he became a reproach to his people. From such treatment Kahulupue endeavored to dissuade him, assuring him that such a course would fail to win their support and obedience, whereas the supplying of food and fish, with covering for the body, and malos, would insure their affectionate regard. The day of the people was near, for the time of conflict was approaching when he would meet the enemy. But these counsels of Kahulupue were disregarded, so he returned to his father at Waimea.

Not long thereafter this chief Kumahana was cast out and rejected by the lesser chiefs and people, and under cover of night he escaped by canoe to Molokai, where he was ignored and became lost to further history in consequence of his wrong-doings.

When Kahekili, King of Maui, heard of the stealthy flight of the governing chief of Oahu, he placed the young prince Kahahana, his foster-son, as ruler over Oahu in the place of his deposed relative, Kumahana. This occurred about the year 1773, and Kahahana took with him as his intimate friend and companion one Alapai. Kahahana chose as his place of residence the shade of the kou and cocoanut trees of Ulukou, Waikiki, where also gathered together the chiefs of the island to discuss and consider questions of state.

The new ruler being of fine and stalwart form and handsome appearance, the chiefs and common people maintained that his fame in this respect induced a celebrated chieftainess of Kauai, named Kekuapoi, to voyage hither. Her history, it is said, showed that she alone excelled in maiden charm and beauty; she was handsome beyond all other chieftainesses from Hawaii to Kauai, as “the third brightness of the sun” (he ekolu ula o ka la). In consequence, Kahahana took her as his wife, she being own sister to Kekuamanoha.

At this time the thought occurred to the King to inquire through the chiefs of Oahu of the whereabouts of Kaopulupulu, the celebrated priest, of whom he had heard through Kahekili, King of Maui. In reply to this inquiry of Kahahana, the chiefs told him that his place of residence was at Waimea, whereupon a messenger was sent to bid him come up by order of the King. When the messenger reached Kaopulupulu he delivered the royal order. Upon the priest hearing this word of the King he assented thereto, with this reply to the messenger: “You return first and tell him that on the morning after the fourteenth night of the moon (po o akua), I will reach the place of the King.”

At the end of the conference the messenger returned and stood before Kahahana and revealed the words of Kaopulupulu; and the King waited for the time of his arrival.

It is true, Kaopulupulu made careful preparation for his future. Toward the time of his departure he was engaged in considering the good or evil of his approaching journey by the casting of lots, according to the rites of his profession. He foresaw thereby the purpose of the King in summoning him to dwell at court. He therefore admonished his son to attend to all the rites and duties of the priesthood as he had been taught, and to care for his mother and relatives.

At early dawn Kaopulupulu arose and partook of food till satisfied, after which he prepared himself for the journey before him. After he had given his farewell greetings to his household he seized his bundle and, taking a cocoanut fan in his hand, set out toward Punanue, where was a temple (heiau) for priests only, called Kahokuwelowelo. This was crown land at Waialua in ancient times. Entering the temple he prayed for success in his journey, after which he proceeded along the plains of Lauhulu till reaching the Anahulu stream, thence by Kemoo to Kukaniloko, the shelter of whose prominent rock the chieftainesses of Oahu were wont to choose for their place of confinement.

Leaving this place he came to Kalakoa, where Kekiopilo the prophet priest lived and died, and the scene of his vision at high noon when he prophesied of the coming of foreigners with a strange language. Here he stopped and rested with some of the people, and ate food with them, after which he journeyed on by way of Waipio by the ancient path of that time till he passed Ewa and reached Kapukaki.

The sun was well up when he reached the water of Lapakea, so he hastened his steps in ascending Kauwalua, at Moanalua, and paused not till he came to the mouth of the Apuakehau stream at Waikiki. Proceeding along the sand at this place he was discerned by the retainers of the King and greeted with the shout, “Here comes the priest Kaopulupulu.”

When the King heard this he was exceedingly pleased (pihoihoi loa) at the time, and on the priest’s meeting with King Kahahana he welcomed Kaopulupulu with loud rejoicing.

Without delay the King set apart a house wherein to meet and discuss with the priest those things he had in mind, and in the consideration of questions from first to last, Kaopulupulu replied with great wisdom in accordance with his knowledge of his profession. At this time of their conference he sat within the doorway of the house, and the sun was near its setting. As he turned to observe this he gazed out into the sky and noticing the gathering short clouds (ao poko) in the heavens, he exclaimed:

“O heaven, the road is broad for the King, it is full of chiefs and people; narrow is my path, that of the kahuna; you will not be able to find it, O King. Even now the short clouds reveal to me the manner of your reign; it will not be many days. Should you heed my words, O King, you will live to gray hair. But you will be the king to slay me and my child.”

At these words of the priest the King meditated seriously for some time, then spoke as follows: “Why should my days be short, and why should your death be by me, the King?”

Kaopulupulu replied: “O King, let us look into the future. Should you die, O King, the lands will be desolate; but for me, the kahuna, the name will live on from one generation to another; but my death will be before thine, and when I am up on the heaven-feared altar then my words will gnaw thee, O King, and the rains and the sun will bear witness.”

These courageous words of Kaopulupulu, spoken in the presence of Kahahana without fear, and regardless of the dignity and majesty of the King, were uttered because of the certainty that the time would come when his words would be carried into effect. The King remained quiet without saying a word, keeping his thoughts to himself.

After this conference the King took Kaopulupulu to be his priest, and in course of time he became also an intimate companion, in constant attendance upon the King, and counselled him in the care of his subjects, old and young, in all that pertained to their welfare. The King regarded his words, and in their circuit of the island together they found the people contented and holding their ruler in high esteem. But at the end of three years the King attempted some wrong to certain of his subjects like unto that of his deposed predecessor. The priest remonstrated with him continually, but he would not regard his counsel; therefore, Kaopulupulu left King Kahahana and returned to his land at Waimea and at once tattooed his knees. This was done as a sign that the King had turned a deaf ear to his admonitions.

When several days had passed, rumors among certain people of Waialua reached the priest that he was to be summoned to appear before the King in consequence of this act, which had greatly angered his august lord. Kahahana had gone to reside at Waianae, and from there shortly afterward he sent messengers to fetch Kaopulupulu and his son Kahulupue from Waimea.

In the early morning of the day of the messenger’s arrival, a rainbow stood directly in the doorway of Kaopulupulu’s house, and he asked of his god its meaning; but his prayer was broken (ua haki ka pule). This boded him ill; therefore he called to his son to stand in prayer; but the result was the same. Then he said, “This augurs of the day of death; see! the rising up of a man in the pass of Hapuu, putting on his kapa with its knot fastening on the left side of the neck, which means that he is bringing a death message.”

Shortly after the priest had ended these words a man was indeed seen approaching along the mountain pass, with his kapa as indicated; and he came and stood before the door of their house and delivered the order of the King for them to go to Waianae, both him and his son.

The priest replied: “Return you first; we will follow later,” and the messenger obeyed. When he had departed Kaopulupulu recalled to his son the words he had spoken before the advent of the messenger, and said: “Oh, where are you, my child? Go clothe the body; put on the malo; eat of the food till satisfied, and we will go as commanded by the King; but this journey will result in placing us on the altar (kau i ka lele). Fear not death. The name of an idler, if he be beaten to death, is not passed on to distinction.”

At the end of these words of his father, Kahulupue wept for love of his relatives, though his father bid him to weep not for his family, because he, Kaopulupulu, saw the end that would befall the King, Kahahana, and his court of chiefs and retainers. Even at this time the voices of distress were heard among his family and their tears flowed, but Kaopulupulu looked on unmoved by their cries.

He then arose and, with his son, gave farewell greetings to their household, and set forth. In journeying they passed through Waialua, resting in the house of a kamaaina at Kawaihapai. In passing the night at this place Kahulupue slept not, but went out to examine the fishing canoes of that neighborhood. Finding a large one suitable for a voyage, he returned and awoke his father, that they might flee together that night to Kauai and dwell on the knoll of Kalalea. But Kaopulupulu declined the idea of flight. In the morning, ascending a hill, they turned and looked back over the sea-spray of Waialua to the swimming halas of Kahuku beyond. Love for the place of his birth so overcame Kaopulupulu for a time that his tears flowed for that he should see it no more.

Then they proceeded on their way till, passing Kaena Point, they reached the temple of Puaakanoe. At this sacred boundary Kaopulupulu said to his son, “Let us swim in the sea and touch along the coast of Makua.” At one of their resting-places, journeying thus, he said, with direct truthfulness, as his words proved: “Where are you, my son? For this drenching of the high priests by the sea, seized will be the sacred lands (moo-kapu) from Waianae to Kualoa by the chief from the east.”

As they were talking they beheld the King’s men approaching along the sand of Makua, and shortly afterward these men came before them and seized them and tied their hands behind their backs and took them to the place of King Kahahana at Puukea, Waianae, and put them, father and son, in a new grass hut unfinished of its ridge thatch, and tied them, the one to the end post (pouhana) and the other to the corner post (poumanu) of the house.

At the time of the imprisonment of the priest and his son in this new house Kaopulupulu spake aloud, without fear of dire consequences, so that the King and all his men heard him, as follows: “Here I am with my son in this new unfinished house; so will be unfinished the reign of the King that slays us.” At this saying Kahahana, the King, was very angry.

Throughout that day and the night following, till the sun was high with warmth, the King was directing his soldiers to seize Kahulupue first and put him to death. Obeying the orders of the King, they took Kahulupue just outside of the house and stabbed at his eyes with laumake spears and stoned him with stones before the eyes of his father, with merciless cruelty. These things, though done by the soldiers, were dodged by Kahulupue, and the priest, seeing the King had no thought of regard for his child, spoke up with priestly authority, as follows: “Be strong of breath, my son, till the body touch the water, for the land indeed is the sea’s.”

When Kahulupue heard the voice of his father telling him to flee to the sea, he turned toward the shore in obedience to these last words to him, because of the attack by the soldiers of the King. As he ran, he was struck in the back by a spear, but he persevered and leaped into the sea at Malae and was drowned, his blood discoloring the water. His dead body was taken and placed up in the temple at Puehuehu. After the kapu days therefore the King, with his chiefs and soldiers, moved to Puuloa, Ewa, bringing with them the priest Kaopulupulu, and after some days he was brought before the King by the soldiers, and without groans for his injuries was slain in the King’s presence. But he spoke fearlessly of the vengeance that would fall upon the King in consequence of his death, and during their murderous attack upon him proclaimed with his dying breath: “You, O King, that kill me here at Puuloa, the time is near when a direct death will be yours. Above here in this land, and the spot where my lifeless body will be borne and placed high on the altar for my flesh to decay and slip to the earth, shall be the burial place of chiefs and people hereafter, and it shall be called ‘the royal sand of the mistaken’; there will you be placed in the temple.” At the end of these words of Kaopulupulu his spirit took flight, and his body was left for mockery and abuse, as had been that of his son in the sea of Malae, at Waianae.

After a while the body of the priest was placed on a double canoe and brought to Waikiki and placed high in the cocoanut trees at Kukaeunahi, the place of the temple, for several ten-day periods (he mau anahulu) without decomposition and falling off of the flesh to the sands of Waikiki.

When King Kahekili of Maui heard of the death of the priest Kaopulupulu by Kahahana, he sent some of his men thither by canoe, who landed at Waimanalo, Koolau, where, as spies, they learned from the people respecting Kaopulupulu and his death, with that of his son; therefore they returned and told the King the truth of these reports, at which the affection of Kahekili welled up for the dead priest, and he condemned the King he had established. Coming with an army from Maui, he landed at Waikiki without meeting Kahahana, and took back the government of Oahu under his own kingship. The chiefs and people of Oahu all joined under Kahekili, for Kahahana had been a chief of wrong-doing. This was the first sea of Kaopulupulu in accordance with his prophetic utterance to his son, “This land is the sea’s.”

Upon the arrival here at Oahu of Kahekili, Kahahana fled, with his wife Kekuapoi, and friend Alapai, and hid in the shrubbery of the hills. They went to Aliomanu, Moanalua, to a place called Kinimakalehua; then moved along to Keanapuaa and Kepookala, at the lochs of Puuloa, and from there to upper Waipoi; thence to Wahiawa, Helemano, and on to Lihue; thence they came to Poohilo, at Honouliuli, where they first showed themselves to the people and submitted themselves to their care.

While they were living there, report thereof was made to Kahekili, the King, who thereupon sent Kekuamanoha, elder brother of Kekuapoi, the wife of Kahahana, with men in double canoes from Waikiki, landing first at Kupahu, Hanapouli, Waipio, with instructions to capture and put to death Kahahana, as also his friend Alapai, but to save alive Kekuapoi. When the canoes touched at Hanapouli, they proceeded thence to Waikele and Hoaeae, and from there to Poohilo, Honouliuli, where they met in conference with Kahahana and his party. At the close of the day Kekuamanoha sought by enticing words to induce his brother-in-law to go up with him and see the father King and be assured of no death condemnation, and by skilled flattery he induced Kahahana to consent to his proposition; whereupon preparation was made for the return. On the following morning, coming along and reaching the plains of Hoaeae, they fell upon and slew Kahahana and Alapai there, and bore their lifeless bodies to Halaulani, Waipio, where they were placed in the canoes and brought up to Waikiki and placed up in the cocoanut trees by King Kahekili and his priests from Maui, as Kaopulupulu had been. Thus was fulfilled the famous saying of the Oahu priest in all its truthfulness.

According to the writings of S. M. Kamakau and David Malo, recognized authorities, the thought of Kaopulupulu as expressed to his son Kahulupue, “This land is the sea’s,” was in keeping with the famous prophetic vision of Kekiopilo that “the foreigners possess the land,” as the people of Hawaii now realize. The weighty thought of this narration and the application of the saying of Kaopulupulu to this time of enlightenment are frequent with certain leaders of thought among the people, as shown in their papers.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

Battle of the Owls

This Hawaiian myth recounts the story of Kapoi, who found owl eggs and planned to roast them, but was persuaded by an owl to return them. The owl instructed Kapoi to build a temple, which violated a royal law, leading to his arrest. On the execution day, an army of owls attacked, saving Kapoi and proving their divine power, securing their place in Hawaiian mythology.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Sacred Spaces: Kapoi constructs a heiau (temple) as instructed by the owl, highlighting the significance of holy sites in the narrative.

Conflict with Authority: Kapoi’s arrest for building the temple without royal consent illustrates a clash between individual actions and royal decrees.

Supernatural Beings: The owls, possessing divine attributes, play a crucial role in influencing mortal affairs.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Jos. M. Poepoe

The following is a fair specimen of the animal myths current in ancient Hawaii, and illustrates the place held by the owl in Hawaiian mythology.

There lived a man named Kapoi, at Kahehuna, in Honolulu, who went one day to Kewalo to get some thatching for his house. On his way back he found some owl’s eggs, which he gathered together and brought home with him. In the evening he wrapped them in ti leaves and was about to roast them in hot ashes, when an owl perched on the fence which surrounded his house and called out to him, “O Kapoi, give me my eggs!”

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Kapoi asked the owl, “How many eggs had you?”

“Seven eggs,” replied the owl.

Kapoi then said, “Well, I wish to roast these eggs for my supper.”

The owl asked the second time for its eggs, and was answered by Kapoi in the same manner. Then said the owl, “O heartless Kapoi! why don’t you take pity on me? Give me my eggs.”

Kapoi then told the owl to come and take them.

The owl, having got the eggs, told Kapoi to build up a heiau, or temple, and instructed him to make an altar and call the temple by the name of Manua. Kapoi built the temple as directed; set kapu days for its dedication, and placed the customary sacrifice on the altar.

News spread to the hearing of Kakuihewa, who was then King of Oahu, living at the time at Waikiki, that a certain man had kapued certain days for his heiau, and had already dedicated it. This King had made a law that whoever among his people should erect a heiau and kapu the same before the King had his temple kapued, that man should pay the penalty of death. Kapoi was thereupon seized, by the King’s orders, and led to the heiau of Kupalaha, at Waikiki.

That same day, the owl that had told Kapoi to erect a temple gathered all the owls from Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii to one place at Kalapueo [situated beyond Diamond Head]. All those from the Koolau districts were assembled at Kanoniakapueo, [in Nuuanu Valley] and those from Kauai and Niihau at Pueohulunui, near Moanalua.

It was decided by the King that Kapoi should be put to death on the day of Kane [when the moon is twenty-seven days old]. When that day came, at daybreak the owls left their places of rendezvous and covered the whole sky over Honolulu; and as the King’s servants seized Kapoi to put him to death, the owls flew at them, pecking them with their beaks and scratching them with their claws. Then and there was fought the battle between Kakuihewa’s people and the owls. At last the owls conquered, and Kapoi was released, the King acknowledging that his Akua (god) was a powerful one. From that time the owl has been recognized as one of the many deities venerated by the Hawaiian people.


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The Arch Rogue

The Arch Rogue, a cunning trickster, excels in outwitting a jealous king through a series of bold thefts and deceptions. He steals oxen, a royal horse, and the queen’s ring, each time outsmarting guards and elaborate precautions. Impressed yet frustrated by the rogue’s unparalleled cunning, the king ultimately forgives him and offers a place at court, warning against further mischief.

Source
Folk-lore and Legends: German
Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to Her Majesty, at the Edinburgh University Press
W.W. Gibbings, London, 1892


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The protagonist embodies the archetype of a cunning figure using wit to outsmart others.

Conflict with Authority: The story highlights the protagonist’s challenges against the king’s authority.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts lessons about the consequences of pride and the value of wit.

From the lore

Learn more about German Folklore


There once lived, years ago, a man known only by the name of the Arch Rogue. By dint of skill in the black art, and all arts of imposition, he drove a more flourishing trade than all the rest of the sorcerers of the age. It was his delight to travel from one country to another merely to play upon mankind, and no living soul was secure, either in house or field, nor could properly call them his own.

Now his great reputation for these speedy methods of possessing himself of others’ property excited the envy of a certain king of a certain country, who considered them as no less than an invasion of his royal prerogative.

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He could not sleep a wink for thinking about it, and he despatched troops of soldiers, one after another, with strict orders to arrest him, but all their search was in vain. At length, after long meditation, the king said to himself–

“Only wait a little, thou villain cutpurse, and yet I will have thee.”

Forthwith he issued a manifesto, stating that the royal mercy would be extended to so light-fingered a genius, upon condition that he consented to appear at court and give specimens of his dexterity for his majesty’s amusement.

One afternoon, as the king was standing at his palace window enjoying the fine prospect of woods and dales, over which a tempest appeared to be then just gathering, some one suddenly clapped him upon the shoulder, and on looking round he discovered a very tall, stout, dark-whiskered man close behind him, who said–

“Here I am.”

“Who are you?” inquired the king.

“He whom you look for.”

The king uttered an exclamation of surprise, not unmixed with fear, at such amazing assurance. The stranger continued, “Don’t be alarmed. Only keep your word with me, and I will prove myself quite obedient to your orders.”

This being agreed on, the king acquainted his royal consort and the whole court that the great sleight-of-hand genius had discovered himself, and soon, in a full assembly, his majesty proceeded to question him, and lay on him his commands.

“Mark what I say,” he said, “nor venture to dispute my orders. To begin, do you see yon rustic, not far from the wood, busy ploughing?”

The conjurer nodded assent.

“Then go,” continued the king,–“go and rob him of his plough and oxen without his knowing anything about it.”

The king flattered himself that this was impossible, for he did not conceive how the conjurer could perform such a task in the face of open day,–and if he fail, thought he, I have him in my power, and will make him smart.

The conjurer proceeded to the spot, and as the storm appeared to increase, the rain beginning to pour down in torrents, the countryman, letting his oxen rest, ran under a tree for shelter, until the rain should have ceased. Just then he heard some one singing in the wood. Such a glorious song he had never heard before in all his life. He felt wonderfully enlivened, and, as the weather continued dull, he said to himself–

“Well, there’s no harm in taking a look. Yes; I’ll see what sport is stirring,” and away he slipped into the wood, still further and further, in search of the songster.

In the meanwhile the conjurer was not idle. He changed places with the rustic, taking care of the oxen while their master went searching through the wood. Darting out of the thicket, in a few moments he had slashed off the oxen’s horns and tails, and stuck them, half hid, in the ploughman’s last furrow. He then drove off the beasts pretty sharply towards the palace. In a short time the rustic found his way back, and looking towards the spot for his oxen could see nothing of them. Searching on all sides, he came at last to examine the furrow, and beheld, to his horror, the horns and tails of his poor beasts sticking out of the ground. Imagining that a thunderbolt must have struck the beasts, and the earth swallowed them up, he poured forth a most dismal lamentation over his lot, roaring aloud until the woods echoed to the sound. When he was tired of this, he bethought him of running home to find a pick and a spade to dig his unlucky oxen out of the earth as soon as possible.

As he went he was met by the king and the conjurer, who inquired the occasion of his piteous lamentation.

“My oxen! my poor oxen!” cried the boor, and then he related all that had happened to him, entreating them to go with him to the place. The conjurer said–

“Why don’t you see if you cannot pull the oxen out again by the horns or by the tail?”

With this the rustic, running back, seized one of the tails, and, pulling with all his might, it gave way and he fell backward.

“Thou hast pulled thy beast’s tail off,” said the conjurer. “Try if thou canst succeed better with his horns. If not, thou must even dig them out.”

Again the rustic tried with the same result, while the king laughed very heartily at the sight. As the worthy man now appeared excessively troubled at his misfortunes, the king promised him another pair of oxen, and the rustic was content.

“You have made good your boast,” said the king to the conjurer, as they returned to the palace; “but now you will have to deal with a more difficult matter, so muster your wit and courage. To-night you must steal my favourite charger out of his stable, and let nobody know who does it.”

Now, thought the king, I have trapped him at last, for he will never be able to outwit my master of the horse, and all my grooms to boot. To make the matter sure, he ordered a strong guard under one of his most careful officers to be placed round the stable court. They were armed with stout battle-axes, and were enjoined every half-hour to give the word, and pace alternately through the court. In the royal stables others had the like duty to perform, while the master of the horse himself was to ride the favourite steed the whole time, having been presented by the king with a gold snuff-box, from which he was to take ample pinches in order to keep himself awake, and give signal by a loud sneeze. He was also armed with a heavy sword, with which he was to knock the thief on the head if he approached.

The rogue first arrayed himself in the master of the bedchamber’s clothes, without his leave. About midnight he proceeded to join the guards, furnished with different kinds of wine, and told them that the king had sent him to thank them for so cheerfully complying with his orders. He also informed them that the impostor had been already caught and secured, and added that the king had given permission for the guards to have a glass or two, and requested that they would not give the word quite so loudly, as her majesty had not been able to close her eyes. He then marched into the stables, where he found the master of the horse astride the royal charger, busily taking snuff and sneezing at intervals. The master of the bedchamber poured him out a sparkling glass to drink to the health of his majesty, who had sent it, and it looked too excellent to resist. Both master and guards then began to jest over the Arch Rogue’s fate, taking, like good subjects, repeated draughts–all to his majesty’s health. At length they began to experience their effects. They gaped and stretched, sank gradually upon the ground, and fell asleep. The master, by dint of fresh pinches, was the last to yield, but he too blinked, stopped the horse, which he had kept at a walk, and said–

“I am so confoundedly sleepy I can hold it no longer. Take you care of the charger for a moment. Bind him fast to the stall–and just keep watch.”

Having uttered these words, he fell like a heavy sack upon the floor and snored aloud. The conjurer took his place upon the horse, gave it whip and spur, and galloped away through the sleeping guards, through the court gates, and whistled as he went.

Early in the morning the king, eager to learn the result, hastened to his royal mews, and was not a little surprised to find the whole of his guards fast asleep upon the ground, but he saw nothing of his charger.

“What is to do here?” he cried in a loud voice. “Get up; rouse, you idle varlets!”

At last one of them, opening his eyes, cried out–

“The king! the king!”

“Ay, true enough, I am here,” replied his majesty, “but my favourite horse is not. Speak, answer on the instant.”

While the affrighted wretches, calling one to another, rubbed their heavy eyes, the king was examining the stalls once more, and, stumbling over his master of the horse, turned and gave him some hearty cuffs about the ears. But the master only turned upon the other side, and grumbled–

“Let me alone, you rascal, my royal master’s horse is not for the like of you.”

“Rascal!” exclaimed the king, “do you know who it is?” and he was just about to call his attendants, when he heard hasty footsteps, and the conjurer stood before him.

“My liege,” he said, “I have just returned from an airing on your noble horse. He is, indeed, a fine animal, but once or so I was obliged to give him the switch.”

The king felt excessively vexed at the rogue’s success, but he was the more resolved to hit upon something that should bring his fox skin into jeopardy at last. So he thought, and the next day he addressed the conjurer thus–

“Thy third trial is now about to take place, and if you are clever enough to carry it through, you shall not only have your life and liberty, but a handsome allowance to boot. In the other case you know your fate. Now listen. This very night I command you to rob my queen consort of her bridal ring, to steal it from her finger, and let no one know the thief or the way of thieving.”

When night approached, his majesty caused all the doors in the palace to be fast closed, and a guard to be set at each. He himself, instead of retiring to rest, took his station, well armed, in an easy chair close to the queen’s couch.

It was a moonlight night, and about two in the morning the king plainly heard a ladder reared up against the window, and the soft step of a man mounting it. When the king thought the conjurer must have reached the top, he called out from the window–

“Let fall.”

The next moment the ladder was dashed away, and something fell with a terrible crash to the ground. The king uttered an exclamation of alarm, and ran down into the court, telling the queen, who was half asleep, that he was going to see if the conjurer were dead. But the rogue had borrowed a dead body from the gallows, and having dressed it in his own clothes, had placed it on the ladder. Hardly had the king left the chamber before the conjurer entered it and said to the queen in the king’s voice–

“Yes, he is stone dead, so you may now go quietly to sleep, only hand me here your ring. It is too costly and precious to trust it in bed while you sleep.”

The queen, imagining it was her royal consort, instantly gave him the ring, and in a moment the conjurer was off with it on his finger. Directly afterwards the king came back.

“At last,” he said, “I have indeed carried the joke too far. I have repaid him. He is lying there as dead as a door nail. He will plague us no more.”

“I know that already,” replied the queen. “You have told me exactly the same thing twice over.”

“How came you to know anything about it?” inquired his majesty.

“How? From yourself to be sure,” replied his consort. “You informed me that the conjurer was dead, and then you asked me for my ring.”

“I ask for the ring!” exclaimed the king. “Then I suppose you must have given it to him,” continued his majesty, in a tone of great indignation; “and is it even so at last? By all the saints, this is one of the most confounded, unmanageable knaves in existence. I never knew anything to equal it.”

Then he informed the queen of the whole affair, though before he arrived at the conclusion of his tale she was fast asleep.

Soon after it was light in the morning the wily conjurer made his appearance. He bowed to the earth three times before the queen and presented her with the treasure he had stolen. The king, though excessively chagrined, could not forbear laughing at the sight.

“Now hear,” said he, “thou king of arch rogues. Had I only caught a sight of you through my fingers as you were coming, you would never have come off so well. As it is, let what is past be forgiven and forgotten. Take up your residence at my court, and take care that you do not carry your jokes too far, for in such a case I may find myself compelled to withdraw my favour from you if nothing worse ensue.”


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Lion’s Share

Lion and Jackal hunt together, but Jackal tricks Lion into believing he missed the game. Jackal secretly eats the best portion and manipulates Lion repeatedly, blaming others for his mischief. He deceives Lion into climbing a tower but drops him twice. Finally, Jackal feeds Lion a hot stone disguised as meat and escapes, leaving Lion injured and pleading for water.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning and deceit to manipulate the Lion for his own benefit.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal challenges the Lion’s authority, undermining his leadership through subversive actions and manipulation.

Tragic Flaw: The Lion’s gullibility and overtrusting nature serve as his tragic flaws, leading to his repeated exploitation by the Jackal.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Lion and Jackal went together a-hunting. They shot with arrows. Lion shot first, but his arrow fell short of its aim; but Jackal hit the game, and joyfully cried out, “It has hit.”

Lion looked at him with his two large eyes; Jackal, however, did not lose his countenance, but said, “No, uncle, I mean to say that you have hit.” Then they followed the game, and Jackal passed the arrow of Lion without drawing the latter’s attention to it. When they arrived at a crossway, Jackal said: “Dear uncle, you are old and tired; stay here.”

► Continue reading…

Jackal went then on a wrong track, beat his nose, and, in returning, let the blood drop from it like traces of game. “I could not find anything,” he said, “but I met with traces of blood. You had better go yourself to look for it. In the meantime I shall go this other way.”

Jackal soon found the killed animal, crept inside of it, and devoured the best portion; but his tail remained outside, and when Lion arrived, he got hold of it, pulled Jackal out, and threw him on the ground with these words: “You rascal!”

Jackal rose quickly again, complained of the rough handling, and asked, “What have I now done, dear uncle? I was busy cutting out the best part.”

“Now let us go and fetch our wives,” said Lion, but Jackal entreated his dear uncle to remain at the place because he was old. Jackal then went away, taking with him two portions of the flesh, one for his own wife, but the best part for the wife of Lion. When Jackal arrived with the flesh, the children of Lion, seeing him, began to jump, and clapping their hands, cried out: “There comes cousin with flesh!” Jackal threw, grumbling, the worst portion to them, and said, “There, you brood of the big-eyed one!” Then he went to his own house and told his wife immediately to break up the house, and to go where the killed game was. Lioness wished to do the same, but he forbade her, and said that Lion would himself come to fetch her.

When Jackal, with his wife and children, arrived in the neighborhood of the killed animal, he ran into a thorn bush, scratched his face so that it bled, and thus made his appearance before Lion, to whom he said, “Ah! what a wife you have got. Look here, how she scratched my face when I told her that she should come with us. You must fetch her yourself; I cannot bring her.” Lion went home very angry. Then Jackal said, “Quick, let us build a tower.” They heaped stone upon stone, stone upon stone, stone upon stone; and when it was high enough, everything was carried to the top of it. When Jackal saw Lion approaching with his wife and children, he cried out to him:

“Uncle, whilst you were away we have built a tower, in order to be better able to see game.”

“All right,” said Lion; “but let me come up to you.”

“Certainly, dear uncle; but how will you manage to come up? We must let down a thong for you.”

Lion tied the thong around his body and Jackal began drawing him up, but when nearly to the top Jackal cried to Lion, “My, uncle, how heavy you are!” Then, unseen by Lion, he cut the thong. Lion fell to the ground, while Jackal began loudly and angrily to scold his wife, and then said, “Go, wife, fetch me a new thong”–“an old one,” he said aside to her.

Lion again tied himself to the thong, and, just as he was near the top, Jackal cut the thong as before; Lion fell heavily to the bottom, groaning aloud, as he had been seriously hurt.

“No,” said Jackal, “that will never do: you must, however, manage to come up high enough so that you may get a mouthful at least.” Then aloud he ordered his wife to prepare a good piece, but aside he told her to make a stone hot, and to cover it with fat. Then he drew Lion up once more, and complaining how heavy he was to hold, told him to open his mouth, and thereupon threw the hot stone down his throat. Lion fell to the ground and lay there pleading for water, while Jackal climbed down and made his escape.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page