The Great Flood

A catastrophic flood engulfed the earth, forcing survivors onto rafts and canoes. Amidst darkness and fierce winds, they were scattered to distant lands. As the waters receded, these groups settled wherever they landed, leading to the formation of diverse populations. Over time, isolated communities developed distinct languages and cultures, explaining the world’s multitude of tribes and tongues.

Source: 
Kaska Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.30, No.118, pp. 427-473
October-December, 1917


► Themes of the story


Creation: The story explains the origin of the world’s current state, particularly the diversity of human cultures and languages, following a primordial event.

Origin of Things: It provides an explanation for natural phenomena, specifically the existence of multiple languages and the geographical distribution of peoples.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The narrative depicts a transition from a unified, orderly world to one characterized by chaos (the flood) and subsequently a new order with separated cultures.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Kaska people


Once there came a great flood which covered the earth. Most of the people made rafts, and some escaped in canoes. Great darkness came on, and high winds which drove the vessels hither and thither. The people became separated. Some were driven far away. When the flood subsided, people landed wherever they found the nearest land. When the earth became dry, they lived in the places near where they had landed. People were now widely scattered over the world. They did not know where other people lived, and probably thought themselves the only survivors. Long afterwards, when in their wanderings they met people from another place, they spoke different languages, and could not understand one another.

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This is why there are now many different centres of population, many tribes, and many languages. Before the flood, there was but one centre; for all the people lived together in one country, and spoke one language.


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Crow monopolizes the game

A famine strikes as game animals vanish. Crow remains well-fed, arousing suspicion. Nighthawk discovers that Crow has hidden the animals underground. The people confront Crow, eventually releasing the animals. To make hunting difficult, Crow covers the animals with bones, forcing hunters to target their noses. Later, Crow adds ribs to the animals, shaping their current form.

Source: 
The Beaver Indians
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 4
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story


Trickster: Crow embodies the trickster archetype by cunningly hiding the animals and manipulating their forms, impacting the people’s survival.

Conflict with Nature: The people struggle against the unnatural disappearance of game animals, leading to famine and a direct confrontation with Crow to restore balance.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: Crow’s actions disrupt the natural order, leading to chaos in the form of famine, which is eventually addressed by the people’s intervention to restore balance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Dane-zaa people


Once, as winter was coming on, the people were dying of famine for the game animals had all disappeared from that region. Crow was not generally about with the remainder of the people but when he did visit them he appeared to be well fed and happy. The others agreed that they would watch him when he went home but when they tried it, one after the other was forced to give it up because it grew dark where Crow was going along. Telocye, nighthawk, was the last one who could still see him. When he too was about to lose sight of Crow he asked to have dust thrown in front of his eyes. When this was done the nighthawk could still see.[This was because twilight, when the nighthawk could see best, was imitated.]

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“He disappears into the ground twice and beyond that I cannot see him,” Nighthawk reported. When asked if he could follow him he said he thought he could, so they all set out to find where Crow lived.

When they came there they found Crow had driven all the animals into the earth and had shut them up. That was the reason no animals had been seen. They attacked Crow but he fought back with a club and it was not an easy victory. The door behind which the animals were confined was made of fat. They were trying to tear it down so the animals might come out. Crow tried in vain to club the people back for one of them finally succeeded in breaking down the door. The animals all came out. “They are smart animals,” he said to himself. The animals all came out, but Crow found a way to make it difficult to kill them. He threw among them bones from which all the meat had been scraped. Again they were in trouble, for the animals were covered all over with bone and the only way they could be killed was to beat them on the nose until the blood vessels burst and they bled to death. The people were still dying of famine, and Crow himself was hungry. Then he made ribs and threw them among the animals. Because he did that the animals now have ribs.

This story belongs to the time when the world was being established.


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White Bear story

White Bear punishes Fox by taking his shoulder, causing Fox to fall ill. Fox enlists Crow’s help to retrieve it. Crow deceives White Bear, steals the shoulder, and returns it to Fox. Angry, White Bear hides the sun, plunging the world into darkness. Crow, in disguise, tricks White Bear again, restoring the sun to the sky. This story explains the separation of white and black bears and portrays white bears as wicked.

Source: 
The Fireside Stories of the Chippwyans
by James Mackintosh Bell
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.16, No.61, pp. 73-84
April-June, 1903


► Themes of the story


Trickster: The crow embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning and deception to achieve its goals.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The story addresses the disruption and restoration of cosmic order, particularly through the crow’s actions in returning the sun to the sky, thereby restoring light to the world.

Conflict with Authority: The crow challenges the authority of the White Bear, who holds power over other animals and controls essential elements like the sun.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


The following story explains the reason for the ferocity of the white bear and why his habitat is different from others of his own species

Once upon a time there was a White Bear, and his nephew, Black Bear, was staying with him, with several other animals, including the fox. As the fox was always up to mischief, the white bear took away his right shoulder, and in consequence the former was very ill. White Bear took the fox’s shoulder, and tied it along with a bunch of claws which he always carried. Now fox being very sick, and not able to get along very well without his shoulder, sent for the crow, who was full of cunning, to devise some means of getting his shoulder back. After a long talk, the crow went to visit White Bear, who was very old and infirm and troubled with rheumatism. He was sitting at the fire, warming his back, when the crow came in, and the bunch of claws and the fox’s shoulder were hanging from the roof above his head. The crow began to talk to him, and occasionally he would touch the bunch of claws, and the white bear would wake up with a start, at which the crow would explain that he was only touching the claws to see what they were made of.

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At last White Bear took no notice of the noise, and soon was half asleep, and the crow, seeing his chance, caught hold of the fox’s shoulder, and pulled it off, and ran out of the camp. White Bear then woke up, and asked his nephew. Black Bear, what was the matter, and the latter, who stuttered, explained that the crow had run away with the fox’s shoulder. He took so long in telling it, that White Bear got angry, and told Black Bear to get out and find a home for himself. So ever since the white and black bears have lived apart.

White Bear, to show his rage, took down the sun and put it along with the claws. Now, as everything was in darkness, the other animals could not hunt, and were starving. So they applied to the crow to get them out of their new trouble. In the mean time White Bear’s daughter went for water, and as she was having a drink, something black was floating in the water, which she swallowed. Some days afterwards a child was born to her, and the infant grew so fast that soon he could walk about; and when he saw this bright thing hanging among the bunch of claws, he began to cry for it. After much persuasion White Bear gave it to him to play with in the camp. After a while he wished to play outside with it, but White Bear would not at first allow it. But as the child kept continually crying to be allowed to do so, he at last consented, but told him not to go far from the camp, and if he saw anybody coming, to run into the tepee at once. This the child promised to do, but as soon as he got out, he threw the sun up into the sky, and flew away, for he was the crow in still another disguise. When White Bear saw that he was cheated again by the crow, he was furious, and since then white bears have been always wicked.


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Bear and Squirrel

Bear desires perpetual night to aid his hunting, but Squirrel challenges this, highlighting the difficulties of living without light. Conceding, Bear agrees to daylight. They then compete in various contests, with Bear winning unfairly. Frustrated, Squirrel cries, his tears forming stripes below his eyes, and decides to amuse children, becoming small and climbing a spruce. Bear declares he will serve as a food source when other meat is scarce and becomes large.

Source: 
Chipewyan Texts
by Pliny Earle Goddard
The American Museum of Natural History – Anthropological Papers
Volume X, Part 1
New York, 1912


► Themes of the story

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The discussion about having perpetual night versus daylight reflects a struggle to determine the natural order.

Cunning and Deception: Bear’s victories in the contests are achieved unfairly, indicating deceitful behavior.

Family Dynamics: The interaction between Bear and Squirrel highlights sibling relationships and the dynamics of elder and younger brothers.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chipewyan people


This controversy between the squirrel and the bear concerning the prevalence of light or darkness is mentioned in a myth concerning the end of the world recorded by Petitot at Great Slave Lake in 1862. In this myth of Petitot the bears have all the elements suspended in bags from an enormous tree and the other animals succeed in securing the one which contains heat and unintentionally let it loose upon the earth resulting in a flood.

Bear once said, “There will only be night. In the summer, when the nights are not long, I cannot find anything good to eat. For that reason there shall only be night.” Then Squirrel, who was his younger brother, replied, “If there is only night how would you manage to live without being able to see?” “I could find food by smelling it,” Bear replied. “But,” asked Squirrel, “what would you do if something should stick in your nostrils?” “Oh, I could feel for food with my paw,” Bear suggested. “Well, but if you should stick something in your paw, what then?” Squirrel asked. “Why, then I would roll around until I found something,” Bear said. “But if something should stick through your body, you would kill yourself,” Squirrel warned him. “Well, then, let there be daylight,” conceded Bear.

“Come let us have some contests,” said Bear. “The one who jumps the farthest will be Bear.” Bear won. “Let us see who can jump the highest over a tree,” Bear again proposed. Bear won again. “Let us see who can run around this small lake first,” Bear said. Because Bear was the larger (being the elder brother) and Squirrel the smaller. Bear was first to run around the lake. Bear had beaten him each time, but not fairly.

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Squirrel, still saying, “I will be Bear,” began to cry. His eyes became red and the tears made stripes below his eyes. Finally he said, “I shall not be good for anything. I shall just amuse the children.” Then he climbed a spruce and became small.

Bear again spoke, “When there is no other meat, I will be a supply for them.” He ran along the side of the world and went inland where he became large.


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War among the fishes

In a time long past, the fish of the Stikine and Taku rivers convened at their confluence for a monumental battle. King Salmon clashed with Steelhead, resulting in physical changes: King Salmon became thicker near the tail, while Steelhead lost ear ornaments, leaving red marks below their ears. Sucker fish were so severely beaten that their bones fragmented throughout their flesh. The battle concluded in a draw, leading to the separation of the rivers’ headwaters.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The physical alterations in the fish species as a result of the battle highlight themes of change.

Origin of Things: The story portrays a struggle among natural beings, emphasizing the challenges inherent in the natural world.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The battle and subsequent separation of the rivers reflect a movement from chaos to a reestablished order.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


A long time ago the waters of the Stikine and Taku met in the valley north of Telegraph Creek. The head waters of the two rivers joined south of New York Lake, near where Hyland’s horse-ranch is now situated. The remains of the shallow lake which connected the two streams may be discerned yet. The salmon and other fish from the two rivers always met and fought at this place. The Taku River fish and the Stikine River fish gathered to have a decisive battle. The two war-parties coming from opposite directions met at the head waters, and a big fight ensued. King-Salmon fought Steel-Head, and took his anklets away: therefore the king-salmon is thick around the root of the tail now, and the steel-head is thin. Steel-Head tore off King-Salmon’s ear-ornaments: therefore he has red marks now below the ears. Sucker was clubbed so badly, that his bones were all broken; and therefore his small bones are now all through his flesh. Some informants say that the result of the battle was a draw, and that it was then arranged that the head waters of the two rivers should be separated.

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The Warm and Cold Winds people

The Warm-Winds and Cold-Winds people are adversaries. When the Warm-Winds travel north, the Cold-Winds counter with frigid gusts, hail, and snow, forcing their retreat. Conversely, as the Cold-Winds move south, the Warm-Winds respond with heat and rain, causing the Cold-Winds to fear melting and withdraw. This ongoing struggle explains the balance between hot and cold weather.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: The story personifies natural elements, depicting a struggle between warm and cold forces that influence weather patterns.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The tale illustrates the balance and tension between opposing natural forces, contributing to the world’s climatic equilibrium.

Origin of Things: The myth provides an explanation for the origin of weather patterns, attributing them to the actions of the Warm-Winds and Cold-Winds people.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


The Warm and Cold Winds people were enemies. When the Warm-Winds people walked abroad and travelled north, the Cold-Winds people were afraid, and made cold winds blow from the north to drive them back.

The farther north the Warm-Winds people came, the more afraid the Cold-Winds people became, and the harder and colder they made the winds blow, sending hail and snow with them. The Warm-Winds people always turned back in fear of freezing.

When the Cold-Winds people travelled south, the Warm-Winds people in turn became afraid, and blew their hot breaths on them and urinated on them. Their urine was rain. The Cold-Winds people became afraid of melting, and turned back.

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Thus we see them striving at the present day, and each is still afraid of the other. When each stays in his own country, as they do sometimes for considerable lengths of time, there is no fighting; and the weather is neither hot nor cold, but temperate. When they travel near each other’s countries, then they become afraid, and send their winds against each other.

Second version. The Cold-Wind people lived in the far north, and the Warm-Wind people in the south. When the former talked to the latter, a cold wind blew. When the latter talked to the former, a warm wind blew. The speech of the Cold-Wind people was cold because it came from a cold place, and the people were as cold as ice. The speech of the Warm-Wind people was warm, because they were hot. The winds were the same as the breaths of these people. Their breaths blow the clouds. Raven (or some one else) ordained that these people send out the winds.


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Earth-Mother and other Creation stories

The Tahltan people believe that the Earth-Mother resides beneath the earth, supporting it like a pillar. When she shifts due to fatigue, earthquakes occur. As she ages, it’s thought the earth will eventually collapse into the waters below. The Sun-Father, once living on earth, now dwells in the sky, providing warmth and joy. In some tales, he was benevolent; in others, he was malevolent, causing harm to people.

Source: 
Tahltan Tales
by James A. Teit
The American Folklore Society
Journal of American Folklore
Vol.32, No.124, pp.198-250
April-June, 1917
Vol.34, No.133, pp.223-253
July-September, 1921
Vol.34, No.134, pp.335-356
October-December, 1921


► Themes of the story

Creation: It describes the origin of the Earth, personified as the Earth-Mother who supports and nurtures life.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The balance maintained by the Earth-Mother and the potential chaos if she fails reflect this theme.

Harmony with Nature: The story emphasizes the interconnectedness between humans, animals, and the Earth, promoting a harmonious relationship with the natural world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Tahltan people


The Earth-Mother lives under the earth, and holds It up. The earth is like a crust or blanket spread out flat, and she is like a post that holds it up. Sometimes she gets tired and shifts her position; or sometimes the earth sags in some place where the weight is on it, and then she moves her arm to put it up. Then we have an earthquake. Earth-Mother is becoming older and weaker all the time, and by and by she will not be able to hold up the earth any longer. Then it will fall into the water which is below the earth, and disappear. Once Earth-Mother told the people, “When you feel an earthquake, you must not be alarmed. It is only because I am a little tired, and am shifting my position. It is no sign that I am going to fall down, and that the earth will come to an end.” Therefore people are not afraid of earthquakes.

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Earth-Mother and Sun-Father

The earth is animate and the same as our mother; for, if there were no earth, there would be no people. The latter are her children, and the animals also. She looks after them all, and provides food for all. The rocks are her bones, and water her milk. A child cannot live without sucking its mother’s milk, and people cannot live without water. At first there were not many people on earth, and but few game-animals. Later, when people increased in numbers, more game animals were made to supply their wants. All game were born of a woman: therefore animals are the same as people; they are of the same blood, and are relatives.

The Sun-Man formerly lived on earth, but lives in the sky now. He is called “Sun-Father.” He is a good man, and tries to make the people happy. He gives sunshine and warmth. When the people see his face, they are glad. When he becomes sick or sorrowful, he hides his face, and then we have clouds and rain. The Sun was a handsome man when on earth. He had a good-looking face, so bright that people could barely look at it. He was always happy and good. [According to the “Story of the Sun” (see below), Sun, when on earth, was an evil man, and killed people. In Salish stories he is generally spoken of as a bad man who killed people]

Story of the Sun

Sun was a bad man formerly, and killed people; but Moon was good. When men hunted in a certain place towards the east, they never came back, and it was said “Sun killed them.” A man who was wise and powerful said, “I am going to hunt over there in the east, whence the people never come back.” He told his father, “If I do not return in five days, then look for me.” He travelled one whole day, and thought of camping, but nowhere could he see a favorable place. He kept on going until it was almost dark, when he saw a good camping-place. He knew that some one was camped there, for he saw a bright light or fire. When he came near, he noticed lynx-meat cooking, and saw a man sitting near the fire with his head covered. This was the Sun, who invited the traveller to sit on the same side of the fire with him. The man, however, took the opposite side of the fire. He took off his snowshoes and his moccasins, and hung them up to dry. He saw Sun’s moccasins hanging there, and exchanged them with his, hanging his own where Sun’s had been. Sun did not see him, because his face was covered. Sun went to bed, telling the man that if he was hungry, he should eat lynx-meat, and that before he went to bed he must put on the hollow log that was underneath the wood-pile. “Put half of it in the fire,” he said. The man did as directed. He then pretended to sleep, and watched. Sun got up, and, taking what he thought was the man’s moccasins, put them in the fire. Next morning the man got up early and put on his moccasins. Sun claimed that they were his; but the man proved that the moccasins he had on were his own, for Sun could not put them on. They did not fit his feet.

The man said, “Now I have found you out. Sun. You burn people’s moccasins so that they cannot leave. Now you have none, and you cannot leave.” Sun begged the man for moccasins, if he had a spare pair. The man said, “Yes, I will give you my spare pair of moccasins, if you will promise to go so far away that there will never be any danger of people coming near to you.” (Sun had told the man that sometimes people were killed and burned by coming too near to him.) Sun promised as the man asked, and the latter gave him his spare moccasins. Sun then left, and afterwards lived far away. No more did he burn people or come near them; but when people look at him now, sometimes they get sick. He is hard to look at. This is because he was formerly a bad man.

Story of the Dipper Stars

Once the Dipper called down to the people, saying, “My grandchildren, I will tell you something. Watch me, and as long as you see me going around, everything will be well with you, and you need not be afraid; but if I get lost, light will nevermore come to you, and all of you will die. It is nothing if the moon is lost, for it will not be for long; but if I am lost, I can nevermore come back.” For this reason the Indians watch the Dipper whenever there is an eclipse; and if they see him going as usual, they say, “Everything is well.”

The Milky Way

Many people were travelling towards the sky on snowshoes. They had nearly reached the sky. It is said that the people were on their way to the country of the dead in the sky. Some one transformed the people and their trail into stars, and this is now the Milky Way.

Sa’kesada, or the Moon-Boy

A man was hunting beaver. He had a large family of children. While one of his sons was out hunting, he cooked a large quantity of blood. The family ate it all, and left none for the boy, who was still out hunting. When he returned, he asked them why they had eaten all and left none for him, when he was hungry. He cried much. His father became angry because he would not stop crying, and was going to whip him to make him stop. The boy then seized the basket-kettle in which the blood had been cooked, and ran off.

That night all the people saw something strange appear on the face of the moon. Moon’s face had always been perfectly clear and bright, but now there appeared what seemed to be the figure of a man standing there and holding a kettle. Presently they heard the man say to the moon, “You are my father. He who lives down below is not my father: he ate all the blood, and left me none. Now I shall stay here for all time. I have plenty of blood in my kettle now.” He held up the kettle so that the people could see it. Then he called down to the people, “Call me Sa’kesada [”sits down on the moon”]. You see that I stand straight now, but with age I shall gradually bend over. When I bend very far over, the end is not very far away. When at last I am upside down, then everything on earth will dry up, and that will be the end of the world.”

The figure of Sa’kesada may be seen now on the face of the moon as a dark shadow. The old people say he was straighter within their memory. He has been bending gradually for very many generations. Now he is at right angles, and therefore half the time has expired for the end of the earth to come.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The story of the Sun and Moon

A young girl discovers her mysterious nightly visitor is her brother by smearing soot and oil on herself. Horrified by the revelation, she cuts off her breasts, offering them to him in disgust. Enraged, her brother chases her until they ascend to the sky, transforming into the sun and moon. Their eternal pursuit explains eclipses, symbolizing their tragic connection.

Source: 
The Labrador Eskimo 
by E.W. Hawkes 
[Canada, Department of Mines] 
Geological Survey, Memoir 91 
Anthropological Series no. 14 
Ottawa, 1916


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The siblings’ metamorphosis into celestial bodies.

Forbidden Love: The taboo relationship between the brother and sister.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: Their transformation brings order to the cosmos, explaining natural phenomena like eclipses.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Inuit peoples


At one time when all the rest of the people were in the singing-house (qa’g-i) a young girl was visited nightly by a man whose identity she could not discover. So she smeared some soot and oil on her breast to discover him. The next day, when she went to the qaggi to take her brother’s meal, she was horrified to see that he had a black streak on his face. She immediately took a knife and cut off her breasts, and placed them on the dish, saying, “Since you desire me, eat them.” Her brother was so angry that he chased her out of the kagi, and around and around the house. Finally, she ran up into the sky and he ran after her. They were changed into the sun and moon. The sun is constantly following the moon, but sometimes they meet (eclipse).

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The Paradise in the Sea

Hiram, king of Tyre, deluded himself into believing he was a god after witnessing his own longevity and achievements. In his vanity, he constructed a “paradise” seemingly suspended in the air—a seven-story structure symbolizing heaven, made of glass, metals, and jewels. However, during a storm, the fragile foundation collapsed, exposing his folly. Dethroned and humiliated, Hiram’s life ended in captivity, proving his mortality and arrogance.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Divine Punishment: Hiram’s arrogance in declaring himself a god leads to his downfall, illustrating the consequences of hubris.

Tragic Flaw: Hiram’s hubris serves as his downfall, demonstrating how a single character flaw can lead to one’s demise.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: Hiram’s attempt to disrupt the natural order by proclaiming himself a god results in chaos and his ultimate downfall, reinforcing the balance between order and disorder.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


Hiram, king of Tyre, was a foolish old man. He lived so long and grew to such a venerable age that he absuredly imagined he would never die. The idea gained strength daily in his mind and thus he mused:

“David, king of the Jews, I knew, and afterward his son, the wise King Solomon. But wise as he was, Solomon had to appeal to me for assistance in building his wondrous Temple, and it was only with the aid of the skilled workmen I sent to him that he successfully accomplished the erection of that structure.

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David, the sweet singer in Israel, who, as a mere boy slew the giant Goliath, has passed away. I still live. It must be that I shall never die. Men die. Gods live for ever. I must be a god, and why not?”

He put that question to the chief of his counselors, who, however, was much too wise to answer it. Now the counselors of the king had never yet failed to answer his queries, and so Hiram felt sure he had at last puzzled them by a question beyond the power of mortal man to answer. That was another proof, he told himself, that he was different from other men and kings–that, in short, he was a god.

“I must be, I must be,” he muttered to himself, and he repeated this to himself so regularly that he came to the conclusion it was true.

“It is not I, but the voice of the Spirit of God that is in me that speaks,” he said to himself, and he thought this remark so clever that he regarded it as still further proof. It is so easy to delude one’s self.

Then he decided to make the great secret known to the people, and the doddering old man thought if he would do this in an unusual way, his subjects would have no doubts. He did not make a proclamation commanding everybody to believe in him as a god; he whispered the secret first to his chief counselor and instructed him to tell it to one person daily and to order all who were informed to do likewise. In this way the news soon spread to the remotest corners of the country, for if you work out a little sum you will discover that if you take the figure one and double it thus: two, four, eight, sixteen, and so on, it will run into millions.

In spite of this, nothing happened. Hiram, now quite idiotic, commanded the people to worship him. Some obeyed, fearing that if they refused they would be punished, or even put to death. Others declared there was no evidence that the king was a god. This came to the knowledge of Hiram and troubled him sorely.

“What proof do the unbelievers require?” he asked of his counselors.

They hesitated to reply, but presently the vizier, a shrewd old man with a long beard, said quietly, “I have heard people say a god must have a heaven from which to hurl lightning and thunderbolts, and a paradise in which to dwell.”

“I shall have a heaven and a paradise,” said Hiram, after a few moments’ silence, adding to himself: “If Solomon could build a marvelous temple by the help of my workmen, surely I can devise a paradise.”

He spent so much thought over this that it seemed to become easier each day. Besides, it would be so nice to live in a paradise all to himself. At first he decided to build a great big palace of gold, with windows of precious stones. There would be a high tower on which the throne would be placed so far above the people that they must be impressed with the fact that he was God.

Then it occurred to him this would not do. A palace, however vast and beautiful, would only be a building, not a paradise. Day and night he pondered and worried until his head ached badly. Then one day, while watching a ship on the sea, an extraordinary idea came into his head.

“I will build a palace which will seem to hang above the water on nothing!” he said to himself, chuckling. “None but a god could conceive such a brilliant idea.”

Hiram set about his ingenious plan at once. He sent trusted envoys far and wide for skilled divers. Only those who did not know the language of the country were selected. Hiram himself gave them their orders and they worked only at night, so that none should see or know of their work. Their task was to fasten four huge pillars to the bottom of the sea. Their work completed, the divers were well paid and sent away.

Next, a different gang of workmen was brought from a strange land. They constructed a platform on the pillars in the sea. Then a third lot of artisans began to erect a wonderful edifice on the platform. They, too, only worked at night, but the building could no longer be concealed. It was showing itself above the sea. The people were therefore told, by royal proclamation, in these words:

I, Hiram of Tyre, the King, and of all the People,
GOD OMNIPOTENT,
Hereby make known to you that it has become my pleasure to reveal unto you my
PARADISE
which hitherto I have concealed in the clouds. Ye who are worthy shall behold it
TODAY!

Of all the clever things he had done, Hiram believed the composition of that proclamation the cleverest.

“Those who do not see, will think themselves unworthy,” he said, “and will tremble in fear of my wrath. They will see a little more each day and will think themselves growing worthy. And they will believe; they must, when they see it all. Besides, they will look upward, toward the clouds, to see the paradise descending. They will never think of looking below to see it rising.”

And so it happened. The people could not help but be impressed when they saw the amazing structure. It grew daily, apparently of its own accord, for no workmen were seen; and most wonderful of all, it seemed to rest on nothing in the air!

This was because the first story was of clearest glass, so clear, indeed, that the people saw through it and thought they saw nothing. On this the other stories were erected, and, of course, they appeared to be suspended in space.

There were seven stories to represent seven heavens. The second, the one above the glass, was constructed of iron, the third was of lead, the fourth of shining brass, the fifth of burnished copper, the sixth of glistening silver, and the last story of all, of pure gold.

The whole building was lavishly studded with precious stones, gems and jewels of many hues. By day, when the sun shone and was reflected from the thousands of jewels and the polished metals, the appearance was dazzling; the people could not help but regard as a heaven that which they could scarcely look upon without being blinded. In the setting sun the uppermost story, with its huge golden dome, glowed like an expanse of fire; and by night, the myriad gems twinkled like additional stars.

Yet some people would not believe this was a paradise, and so Hiram had to set his wits to work again.

“Thunder and lightning I must produce,” he said, and this part of his ambition he found not at all difficult.

In the second story he kept huge boulders and round heavy stones. When these were rolled about the people thought the noise was thunder. By means of many revolving windows and reflectors, Hiram could flash a light on the town and delude simple people, who were easily impressed and frightened, into the belief that they saw lightning.

“When I am seated here above the forces of the storm,” said Hiram, “the people must surely accept me as God and extol me above all mortal kings.”

He was foolishly happy on his throne in the clouds, but his counselors shook their heads. They knew that such folly would meet with its due punishment. They warned Hiram against remaining in his paradise during a storm, but he replied, in a rage: “I, the God of the storm, am not afraid.”

But when the real thunder rolled and the lightning flashed all around his paradise, Hiram lost his boastful courage. He saw visions. Trembling in every limb, he crouched on his throne and imagined he saw angels and demons and fairies dancing round him and jeering at his pretensions and his wonderful structure.

The storm grew fiercer, the lightning more vivid, the thunder-crashes louder, and Hiram screamed when there was a tremendous noise of crashing glass. The first story could not withstand the terrible buffeting of the waves. It cracked and crumbled. There was no support left for the six heavens above. They could no longer hang in space.

With a mighty crash, that struck terror into the hearts of the beholders, the whole structure collapsed in a thousand pieces in the sea.

Marvelous to relate, Hiram was not killed or drowned. It seemed a miracle that he should be saved, but such was the case; and some people thought that proved him to be a god more than his unfortunate paradise. But his life was only spared to end in greater misery and sorrow. He was dethroned by Nebuchadnezzar and ended his days a wretched captive. And all the people knew that Hiram, once the great king of Tyre, the friend of King David and King Solomon, was but a mortal and a foolish one.


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The Sun and the Moon

The tale explains the origin of the stars, the Moon’s markings, and the Sun and Moon’s eternal chase. Once married, the Sun’s intense heat burned their star-children, angering the Moon. After disobedience, the Sun caused more harm, prompting a quarrel where the Moon was marked with sand. Their chase across the sky symbolizes their unresolved conflict, creating a timeless celestial dance.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale provides an explanation for the creation of stars and the celestial dynamics between the Sun and Moon.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The narrative reflects the balance and discord in the cosmos, represented by the harmonious creation of star-children and the subsequent chaos following their destruction.

Love and Betrayal: The initial union between the Sun and Moon, followed by the Sun’s actions leading to the loss of their children and the ensuing conflict, highlights themes of love and betrayal.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


Once upon a time the Sun and the Moon were married, and they had many children who were the stars. The Sun was very fond of his children, but whenever he tried to embrace any of them, he was so hot that he burned them up. This made the Moon so angry that finally she forbade him to touch them again, and he was greatly grieved. One day the Moon went down to the spring to do some washing, and when she left she told the Sun that he must not touch any of their children in her absence. When she returned, however, she found that he had disobeyed her, and several of the children had perished.

► Continue reading…

She was very angry, and picked up a banana tree to strike him, whereupon he threw sand in her face, and to this day you can see the dark marks on the face of the Moon.

Then the Sun started to chase her, and they have been going ever since. Sometimes he gets so near that he almost catches her, but she escapes, and by and by she is far ahead again.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page