The Sun and the Moon

This myth explains the celestial and natural phenomena of the Sun, Moon, stars, tides, and lightning. The Sun, depicted as quarrelsome, chases the Moon eternally, symbolizing their cosmic dance. Their children include the scattered stars, created from a violent act, and a colossal crab responsible for tides and lightning. The crab’s hostility toward the Moon is thwarted by humans’ protective actions during lunar eclipses.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains natural phenomena, such as the creation of stars from the Sun’s actions and the behavior of tides and lightning attributed to their crab offspring.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The eternal chase between the Sun and the Moon symbolizes the balance and tension in the cosmos, reflecting themes of order and disorder.

Mythical Creatures: The inclusion of a gigantic crab with supernatural abilities introduces a mythical being that influences natural events.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


The Sun and the Moon were married, but the Sun was very ugly and quarrelsome. One day he became angry at the Moon and started to chase her. She ran very fast until she was some distance ahead of him, when she grew tired and he almost caught her. Ever since he has been chasing her, at times almost reaching her, and again falling far behind. The first child of the Sun and Moon was a large star, and he was like a man. One time the Sun, becoming angry at the star, cut him up into small pieces and scattered him over the whole sky just as a woman scatters rice, and ever since there have been many stars.

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Another child of the Sun and Moon was a gigantic crab. He still lives and is so powerful that every time he opens and closes his eyes there is a flash of lightning. Most of the time the crab lives in a large hole in the bottom of the sea, and when he is there we have high tide; but when he leaves the hole, the waters rush in and there is low tide. His moving about also causes great waves on the surface of the sea.

The crab is quarrelsome like his father; and he sometimes becomes so angry with his mother, the Moon, that he tries to swallow her. When the people on earth, who are fond of the Moon, see the crab near her, they run out of doors and shout and beat on gongs until he is frightened away, and thus the Moon is saved.


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How the First Head was Taken

This myth recounts how Kabigat, the Moon, was crafting a copper pot when the Sun’s son stopped to observe her work. Enraged by his presence, she struck him, severing his head. The Sun revived the boy but decreed that her act would forever echo on Earth, establishing the human practice of beheading, symbolizing the Moon’s impulsive violence and its lasting consequences.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: It explains the inception of headhunting among humans, attributing it to a celestial event.

Divine Intervention: The Sun’s act of reviving his son and decreeing the future behavior of humans illustrates the influence of deities on mortal affairs.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The tale reflects the balance between celestial beings and earthly practices, showing how discord among deities can lead to chaos in the human world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


One day the Moon, who was a woman named Kabigat, sat out in the yard making a large copper pot. The copper was still soft and pliable like clay, and the woman squatted on the ground with the heavy pot against her knees while she patted and shaped it.

Now while she was working a son of Chal-chal, the Sun, came by and stopped to watch her mould the form. Against the inside of the jar she pressed a stone, while on the outside with a wooden paddle dripping with water she pounded and slapped until she had worked down the bulges and formed a smooth surface.

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The boy was greatly interested in seeing the jar grow larger, more beautiful, and smoother with each stroke, and he stood still for some time. Suddenly the Moon looked up and saw him watching her. Instantly she struck him with her paddle, cutting off his head.

Now the Sun was not near, but he knew as soon as the Moon had cut off his son’s head. And hurrying to the spot, he put the boy’s head back on, and he was alive again. Then the Sun said to the Moon, “You cut off my son’s head, and because you did this ever after on the earth people will cut off each other’s heads.”


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The Sun and the Moon

This myth explains the origin of the Moon’s spots through a quarrel between the Sun and the Moon. The Sun belittles the Moon for relying on its light, while the Moon claims she is more beloved, as her cooler glow allows women to spin outdoors at night. Enraged, the Sun throws sand at the Moon, leaving marks visible to this day.

Source
Philippine Folk Tales
compiled and annotated by
Mabel Cook Cole
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1916


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Authority: The Moon challenges the Sun’s assertion of superiority, leading to a dispute that reflects themes of challenging dominant powers.

Cunning and Deception: The Moon cleverly argues that she is more beloved by women, provoking the Sun’s anger and resulting in the Moon’s spots.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The story explains celestial phenomena, attributing the Moon’s spots to a quarrel, thus linking human-like conflicts to cosmic events.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Philippines peoples


Once the Sun and the Moon quarreled with each other, and the Sun said: “You are only the Moon and are not much good. If I did not give you light, you would be no good at all.”

But the Moon answered: “You are only the Sun, and you are very hot. The women like me better, for when I shine at night, they go out doors and spin.”

These words of the Moon made the Sun so angry that he threw sand in her face, and you can still see the dark spots on the face of the Moon.

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Exploits of Maui: Snaring the Sun

Maui, son of Hina, sought to ease his mother’s burden of drying kapas by slowing the Sun’s swift journey across the sky. Observing its path, he crafted a strong cord from coconut fiber and snared the Sun atop Haleakala, breaking its strong rays. The Sun, agreeing to slow down, lengthened the days. Maui later punished a taunter, Moemoe, who became a rock by Lahaina.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Nature: Maui confronts the natural order by attempting to slow the Sun’s rapid movement across the sky.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: By altering the Sun’s course, Maui impacts the balance of day and night, influencing the natural rhythm of the world.

Cultural Heroes: Maui’s actions to aid his mother and community elevate him to the status of a cultural hero in Hawaiian mythology.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Rev. A.O. Forbes

Maui was the son of Hina-lau-ae and Hina, and they dwelt at a place called Makalia, above Kahakuloa, on West Maui. Now, his mother Hina made kapas. And as she spread them out to dry, the days were so short that she was put to great trouble and labor in hanging them out and taking them in day after day until they were dry. Maui, seeing this, was filled with pity for her, for the days were so short that, no sooner had she got her kapas all spread out to dry, than the Sun went down, and she had to take them in again. So he determined to make the Sun go slower. He first went to Wailohi, in Hamakua, on East Maui, to observe the motions of the Sun. There he saw that it rose toward Hana.

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He then went up on Haleakala, and saw that the Sun in its course came directly over that mountain. He then went home again, and after a few days went to a place called Paeloko, at Waihee. There he cut down all the cocoanut-trees, and gathered the fibre of the cocoanut husks in great quantity. This he manufactured into strong cord. One Moemoe, seeing this, said tauntingly to him: “Thou wilt never catch the Sun. Thou art an idle nobody.”

Maui answered: “When I conquer my enemy, and my desire is attained, I will be your death.” So he went up Haleakala again, taking his cord with him. And when the Sun arose above where he was stationed, he prepared a noose of the cord and, casting it, snared one of the Sun’s larger beams and broke it off. And thus he snared and broke off, one after another, all the strong rays of the Sun.

Then shouted he exultingly: “Thou art my captive, and now I will kill thee for thy going so swiftly.”

And the Sun said: “Let me live, and thou shalt see me go more slowly hereafter. Behold, hast thou not broken off all my strong legs, and left me only the weak ones?”

So the agreement was made, and Maui permitted the Sun to pursue its course, and from that time on it went more slowly; and that is the reason why the days are longer at one season of the year than at another. It was this that gave the name to that mountain, which should properly be called Alehe-ka-la (sun snarer), and not Haleakala. When Maui returned from this exploit, he went to find Moemoe, who had reviled him. But that individual was not at home. He went on in his pursuit till he came upon him at a place called Kawaiopilopilo, on the shore to the eastward of the black rock called Kekaa, north of Lahaina. Moemoe dodged him up hill and down, until at last Maui, growing wroth, leaped upon and slew the fugitive. And the dead body was transformed into a long rock, which is there to this day, by the side of the road.


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Mooregoo the Mopoke, and Mooninguggahgul the Mosquito Bird

An old man, angry at his sons for their greed, uses enchanted boomerangs and a whirlwind to carry them and two trees into the sky, forming the stars near the Milky Way. The mothers, realizing the old man’s betrayal, blind him with hot gum. He transforms into a night hawk, crying eternally. The women become mosquito birds, summoning mosquitoes to bite during summer nights.

Source
Australian Legendary Tales
collected by Mrs. K. Langloh Parker
London & Melbourne, 1896


► Themes of the story

Transformation: The old man transforms into a night hawk, and the women become mosquito birds, illustrating physical changes as a form of retribution and consequence.

Divine Punishment: The old man’s actions lead to his own punishment, as he is blinded and transformed due to his betrayal, reflecting the theme of retribution from higher powers.

Cosmic Order and Chaos: The creation of stars near the Milky Way from the old man’s actions introduces a cosmic element, symbolizing the balance between order and disorder in the universe.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Aboriginal Australians


An old man lived with his two wives, the Mooninguggahgul sisters, and his two sons. The old man spent all his time making boomerangs, until at last he had four nets full of these weapons. The two boys used to go out hunting opossums and iguanas, which they would cook in the bush, and eat, without thinking of bringing any home to their parents. The old man asked them one day to bring him home some fat to rub his boomerangs with. This the boys did, but they brought only the fat, having eaten the rest of the iguanas from which they had taken the fat.

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The old man was very angry that his sons were so greedy, but he said nothing, though he determined to punish them, for he thought “when they were young, and could not hunt, I hunted for them and fed them well; now that they can hunt and I am old and cannot so well, they give me nothing.” Thinking of his treatment at the hands of his sons, he greased all his boomerangs, and when he had finished them he said to the boys: “You take these boomerangs down on to the plain and try them; see if I have made them well. Then come back and tell me. I will stay here.”

The boys took the boomerangs. They threw them one after another; but to their surprise not one of the boomerangs they threw touched the ground, but, instead, went whirling up out of sight. When they had finished throwing the boomerangs, all of which acted in the same way, whirling up through space, they prepared to start home again. But as they looked round they saw a huge whirlwind coming towards them. They were frightened and called out “Wurrawilberoo,” for they knew there was a devil in the whirlwind. They laid hold of trees near at hand that it might not catch them. But the whirlwind spread out first one arm and rooted up one tree, then another arm, and rooted up another. The boys ran in fear from tree to tree, but each tree that they went to was torn up by the whirlwind. At last they ran to two mubboo or beef-wood trees, and clung tightly to them. After them rushed the whirlwind, sweeping all before it, and when it reached the mubboo trees, to which the boys were clinging, it tore them from their roots and bore them upward swiftly, giving the boys no time to leave go, so they were borne upward clinging to the mubboo trees. On the whirlwind bore them until they reached the sky, where it placed the two trees with the boys still clinging to them. And there they still are, near the Milky Way, and known as Wurrawilberoo. The boomerangs are scattered all along the Milky Way, for the whirlwind had gathered them all together in its rush through space. Having placed them all in the sky, down came the whirlwind, retaking its natural shape, which was that of the old man, for so had he wreaked his vengeance on his sons for neglecting their parents.

As time went on, the mothers wondered why their sons did not return. It struck them as strange that the old man expressed no surprise at the absence of the boys, and they suspected that he knew more than he cared to say. For he only sat in the camp smiling while his wives discussed what could have happened to them, and he let the women go out and search alone. The mothers tracked their sons to the plain. There they saw that a big whirlwind had lately been, for trees were uprooted and strewn in every direction. They tracked their sons from tree to tree until at last they came to the place where the mubboos had stood. They saw the tracks of their sons beside the places whence the trees had been uprooted, but of the trees and their sons they saw no further trace. Then they knew that they had all been borne up together by the whirlwind, and taken whither they knew not. Sadly they returned to their camp. When night came they heard cries which they recognised as made by the voices of their sons, though they sounded as if coming from the sky. As the cries sounded again the mothers looked up whence they came, and there they saw the mubboo trees with their sons beside them. Then well they knew that they would see no more their sons on earth, and great was their grief, and wroth were they with their husband, for well they knew now that he must have been the devil in the whirlwind, who had so punished the boys. They vowed to avenge the loss of their boys.

The next day they went out and gathered a lot of pine gum, and brought it back to the camp. When they reached the camp the old man called to one of his wives to come and tease his hair, as his head ached, and that alone would relieve the pain. One of the women went over to him, took his head on her lap, and teased his hair until at last the old man was soothed and sleepy. In the meantime the other wife was melting the gum. The one with the old man gave her a secret sign to come near; then she asked the old man to lie on his back, that she might tease his front hair better. As he did so, she signed to the other woman, who quickly came, gave her some of the melted gum, which they both then poured hot into his eyes, filling them with it. In agony the old man jumped up and ran about, calling out, “Mooregoo, mooregoo,” as he ran. Out of the camp he ran and far away, still crying out in his agony, as he went. And never again did his wives see him though every night they heard his cry of “Mooregoo, mooregoo.” But though they never saw their husband, they saw a night hawk, the Mopoke, and as that cried always, “Mooregoo, moregoo,” as their husband had cried in his agony, they knew that he must have turned into the bird.

After a time the women were changed into Mooninguggahgul, or mosquito birds. These birds arc marked on the wings just like a mosquito, and every summer night you can hear them cry out incessantly, “Mooninguggahgul,” which cry is the call for the mosquitoes to answer by coming out and buzzing in chorus. And as quickly the mosquitoes come out in answer to the summons, the Mooninguggahgul bid them fly everywhere and bite all they can.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page