The Woman with Two Skins

The story of Eyamba I of Calabar narrates his journey from a powerful but childless king to one who reconciles with his family. Despite political intrigue driven by his jealous wife and aided by a Ju Ju man, the king’s son and daughter, saved by the Water Ju Ju, emerge triumphant. The tale underscores themes of resilience, justice, and reconciliation, culminating in the son’s rightful ascension to the throne.

Source
Folk Stories from Southern Nigeria
by Elphinstone Dayrell
Longmans, Green & Co.
London, New York, Bombay, Calcutta, 1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The king’s head wife employs deceit by using a Ju Ju man’s potion to make the king forget Adiaha, aiming to eliminate her as a rival.

Transformation: Adiaha’s nightly shedding of her outer, ugly skin to reveal her true beauty symbolizes physical transformation and hidden identity.

Supernatural Beings: The narrative involves Ju Ju men who possess magical abilities, influencing events through their supernatural interventions.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Nigerian peoples


Eyamba I. of Calabar was a very powerful king. He fought and conquered all the surrounding countries, killing all the old men and women, but the able-bodied men and girls he caught and brought back as slaves, and they worked on the farms until they died.

This king had two hundred wives, but none of them had borne a son to him. His subjects, seeing that he was becoming an old man, begged him to marry one of the spider’s daughters, as they always had plenty of children.

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But when the king saw the spider’s daughter he did not like her, as she was ugly, and the people said it was because her mother had had so many children at the same time. However, in order to please his people he married the ugly girl, and placed her among his other wives, but they all complained because she was so ugly, and said she could not live with them. The king, therefore, built her a separate house for herself, where she was given food and drink the same as the other wives. Every one jeered at her on account of her ugliness; but she was not really ugly, but beautiful, as she was born with two skins, and at her birth her mother was made to promise that she should never remove the ugly skin until a certain time arrived save only during the night, and that she must put it on again before dawn. Now the king’s head wife knew this, and was very fearful lest the king should find it out and fall in love with the spider’s daughter; so she went to a Ju Ju man and offered him two hundred rods to make a potion that would make the king forget altogether that the spider’s daughter was his wife. This the Ju Ju man finally consented to do, after much haggling over the price, for three hundred and fifty rods; and he made up some “medicine,” which the head wife mixed with the king’s food. For some months this had the effect of making the king forget the spider’s daughter, and he used to pass quite close to her without recognising her in any way. When four months had elapsed and the king had not once sent for Adiaha (for that was the name of the spider’s daughter), she began to get tired, and went back to her parents. Her father, the spider, then took her to another Ju Ju man, who, by making spells and casting lots, very soon discovered that it was the king’s head wife who had made the Ju Ju and had enchanted the king so that he would not look at Adiaha. He therefore told the spider that Adiaha should give the king some medicine which he would prepare, which would make the king remember her. He prepared the medicine, for which the spider had to pay a large sum of money; and that very day Adiaha made a small dish of food, into which she had placed the medicine, and presented it to the king. Directly he had eaten the dish his eyes were opened and he recognised his wife, and told her to come to him that very evening. So in the afternoon, being very joyful, she went down to the river and washed, and when she returned she put on her best cloth and went to the king’s palace.

Directly it was dark and all the lights were out she pulled off her ugly skin, and the king saw how beautiful she was, and was very pleased with her; but when the cock crowed Adiaha pulled on her ugly skin again, and went back to her own house.

This she did for four nights running, always taking the ugly skin off in the dark, and leaving before daylight in the morning. In course of time, to the great surprise of all the people, and particularly of the king’s two hundred wives, she gave birth to a son; but what surprised them most of all was that only one son was born, whereas her mother had always had a great many children at a time, generally about fifty.

The king’s head wife became more jealous than ever when Adiaha had a son; so she went again to the Ju Ju man, and by giving him a large present induced him to give her some medicine which would make the king sick and forget his son. And the medicine would then make the king go to the Ju Ju man, who would tell him that it was his son who had made him sick, as he wanted to reign instead of his father. The Ju Ju man would also tell the king that if he wanted to recover he must throw his son away into the water.

And the king, when he had taken the medicine, went to the Ju Ju man, who told him everything as had been arranged with the head wife. But at first the king did not want to destroy his son. Then his chief subjects begged him to throw his son away, and said that perhaps in a year’s time he might get another son. So the king at last agreed, and threw his son into the river, at which the mother grieved and cried bitterly.

Then the head wife went again to the Ju Ju man and got more medicine, which made the king forget Adiaha for three years, during which time she was in mourning for her son. She then returned to her father, and he got some more medicine from his Ju Ju man, which Adiaha gave to the king. And the king knew her and called her to him again, and she lived with him as before. Now the Ju Ju who had helped Adiaha’s father, the spider, was a Water Ju Ju, and he was ready when the king threw his son into the water, and saved his life and took him home and kept him alive. And the boy grew up very strong.

After a time Adiaha gave birth to a daughter, and her the jealous wife also persuaded the king to throw away. It took a longer time to persuade him, but at last he agreed, and threw his daughter into the water too, and forgot Adiaha again. But the Water Ju Ju was ready again, and when he had saved the little girl, he thought the time had arrived to punish the action of the jealous wife; so he went about amongst the head young men and persuaded them to hold a wrestling match in the market-place every week. This was done, and the Water Ju Ju told the king’s son, who had become very strong, and was very like to his father in appearance, that he should go and wrestle, and that no one would be able to stand up before him. It was then arranged that there should be a grand wrestling match, to which all the strongest men in the country were invited, and the king promised to attend with his head wife.

On the day of the match the Water Ju Ju told the king’s son that he need not be in the least afraid, and that his Ju Ju was so powerful, that even the strongest and best wrestlers in the country would not be able to stand up against him for even a few minutes. All the people of the country came to see the great contest, to the winner of which the king had promised to present prizes of cloth and money, and all the strongest men came. When they saw the king’s son, whom nobody knew, they laughed and said, “Who is this small boy? He can have no chance against us.” But when they came to wrestle, they very soon found that they were no match for him. The boy was very strong indeed, beautifully made and good to look upon, and all the people were surprised to see how like he was to the king.

After wrestling for the greater part of the day the king’s son was declared the winner, having thrown every one who had stood up against him; in fact, some of his opponents had been badly hurt, and had their arms or ribs broken owing to the tremendous strength of the boy. After the match was over the king presented him with cloth and money, and invited him to dine with him in the evening. The boy gladly accepted his father’s invitation; and after he had had a good wash in the river, put on his cloth and went up to the palace, where he found the head chiefs of the country and some of the king’s most favoured wives. They then sat down to their meal, and the king had his own son, whom he did not know, sitting next to him. On the other side of the boy sat the jealous wife, who had been the cause of all the trouble. All through the dinner this woman did her best to make friends with the boy, with whom she had fallen violently in love on account of his beautiful appearance, his strength, and his being the best wrestler in the country. The woman thought to herself, “I will have this boy as my husband, as my husband is now an old man and will surely soon die.” The boy, however, who was as wise as he was strong, was quite aware of everything the jealous woman had done, and although he pretended to be very flattered at the advances of the king’s head wife, he did not respond very readily, and went home as soon as he could.

When he returned to the Water Ju Ju’s house he told him everything that had happened, and the Water Ju Ju said–

“As you are now in high favour with the king, you must go to him to-morrow and beg a favour from him. The favour you will ask is that all the country shall be called together, and that a certain case shall be tried, and that when the case is finished, the man or woman who is found to be in the wrong shall be killed by the Egbos before all the people.”

So the following morning the boy went to the king, who readily granted his request, and at once sent all round the country appointing a day for all the people to come in and hear the case tried. Then the boy went back to the Water Ju Ju, who told him to go to his mother and tell her who he was, and that when the day of the trial arrived, she was to take off her ugly skin and appear in all her beauty, for the time had come when she need no longer wear it. This the son did.

When the day of trial arrived, Adiaha sat in a corner of the square, and nobody recognised the beautiful stranger as the spider’s daughter. Her son then sat down next to her, and brought his sister with him. Immediately his mother saw her she said–

“This must be my daughter, whom I have long mourned as dead,” and embraced her most affectionately.

The king and his head wife then arrived and sat on their stones in the middle of the square, all the people saluting them with the usual greetings. The king then addressed the people, and said that he had called them together to hear a strong palaver at the request of the young man who had been the victor of the wrestling, and who had promised that if the case went against him he would offer up his life to the Egbo. The king also said that if, on the other hand, the case was decided in the boy’s favour, then the other party would be killed, even though it were himself or one of his wives; whoever it was would have to take his or her place on the killing-stone and have their heads cut off by the Egbos. To this all the people agreed, and said they would like to hear what the young man had to say. The young man then walked round the square, and bowed to the king and the people, and asked the question, “Am I not worthy to be the son of any chief in the country?” And all the people answered “Yes!”

The boy then brought his sister out into the middle, leading her by the hand. She was a beautiful girl and well made. When every one had looked at her he said, “Is not my sister worthy to be any chief’s daughter?” And the people replied that she was worthy of being any one’s daughter, even the king’s. Then he called his mother Adiaha, and she came out, looking very beautiful with her best cloth and beads on, and all the people cheered, as they had never seen a finer woman. The boy then asked them, “Is this woman worthy of being the king’s wife?” And a shout went up from every one present that she would be a proper wife for the king, and looked as if she would be the mother of plenty of fine healthy sons.

Then the boy pointed out the jealous woman who was sitting next to the king, and told the people his story, how that his mother, who had two skins, was the spider’s daughter; how she had married the king, and how the head wife was jealous and had made a bad Ju Ju for the king, which made him forget his wife; how she had persuaded the king to throw himself and his sister into the river, which, as they all knew, had been done, but the Water Ju Ju had saved both of them, and had brought them up.

Then the boy said: “I leave the king and all of you people to judge my case. If I have done wrong, let me be killed on the stone by the Egbos; if, on the other hand, the woman has done evil, then let the Egbos deal with her as you may decide.”

When the king knew that the wrestler was his son he was very glad, and told the Egbos to take the jealous woman away, and punish her in accordance with their laws. The Egbos decided that the woman was a witch; so they took her into the forest and tied her up to a stake, and gave her two hundred lashes with a whip made from hippopotamus hide, and then burnt her alive, so that she should not make any more trouble, and her ashes were thrown into the river. The king then embraced his wife and daughter, and told all the people that she, Adiaha, was his proper wife, and would be the queen for the future.

When the palaver was over, Adiaha was dressed in fine clothes and beads, and carried back in state to the palace by the king’s servants.

That night the king gave a big feast to all his subjects, and told them how glad he was to get back his beautiful wife whom he had never known properly before, also his son who was stronger than all men, and his fine daughter. The feast continued for a hundred and sixty-six days; and the king made a law that if any woman was found out getting medicine against her husband, she should be killed at once. Then the king built three new compounds, and placed many slaves in them, both men and women. One compound he gave to his wife, another to his son, and the third he gave to his daughter. They all lived together quite happily for some years until the king died, when his son came to the throne and ruled in his stead.


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The Palace in the Clouds

Ikkor, a wise Jewish vizier in Assyria, was admired yet sorrowful due to his childlessness. Adopting his nephew Nadan brought brief joy, but Nadan grew arrogant and betrayed Ikkor, framing him for treason. Sentenced to death, Ikkor was saved by a loyal executioner. Later, Ikkor’s wisdom solved a challenge from Egypt’s Pharaoh, proving his innocence. Restored to honor, Ikkor banished Nadan and reclaimed his legacy.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Family Dynamics: The relationship between Ikkor and his adopted nephew Nadan is central to the narrative, highlighting complexities within familial bonds.

Cunning and Deception: Nadan’s deceitful schemes to undermine Ikkor showcase the use of cunning for malicious purposes.

Revenge and Justice: Ikkor’s eventual vindication and Nadan’s punishment reflect the restoration of justice.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


Ikkor, the Jewish vizier of the king of Assyria, was the wisest man in the land, but he was not happy. He was the greatest favorite of the king who heaped honors upon him, and the idol of the people who bowed before him in the streets and cast themselves on the ground at his feet to kiss the hem of his garment. Always he had a kindly word and a smile for those who sought his advice and guidance, but his eyes were ever sad, and tears would trickle down his cheeks as he watched the little children at play in the streets.

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His fame as a man of wisdom was known far beyond the borders of Assyria, and rulers feared to give offense to the king who had Ikkor as the chief of his counselors to assist in the affairs of state. But Ikkor would oft sit alone in his beautiful palace and sigh heavily. No sound of children’s laughter was ever heard in the palace of Ikkor, and that was the cause of his sorrow. Ikkor was a pious man and deeply learned in the Holy Law; and he had prayed long and devoutly and had listened unto the advice of magicians that he might be blessed with but one son, or even a daughter, to carry down his name and renown. But the years passed and no child was born to him.

Every year, on the advice of the king, he married another wife, and now he had in his harem thirty wives, all childless. He determined to take unto himself no more wives, and one night he dreamed a dream in which a spirit appeared to him and said:

“Ikkor, thou wilt die full of years and honor, but childless. Therefore, take Nadan, the son of thy widowed sister and let him be a son to thee.”

Nadan was a handsome youth of fifteen, and Ikkor related his dream to the boy’s mother who permitted him to take Nadan to his palace and there bring him up as his own son. The sadness faded from the vizier’s eyes as he watched the lad at his games and his lessons, and Ikkor himself imparted wisdom to Nadan. But, first to his surprise, and then to his grief, Nadan was not thankful for the riches and love lavished upon him. He neglected his lessons and grew proud, haughty and arrogant. He treated the servants of the household harshly and did not obey the wise maxims of Ikkor.

The vizier, however, was hopeful that he would reform and gain wisdom with years, and he took him to the palace of the king and appointed him an officer of the royal guard. For Ikkor’s sake, the king made Nadan one of his favorites, and all in the land looked upon the young man as the successor of Ikkor and the future vizier. This only served to make Nadan still more arrogant, and a wicked idea entered his head to gain further favor with the king and supplant Ikkor at once.

“O King, live for ever!” he said one day, when Ikkor was absent in a distant part of the land; “it grieves me to have to utter words of warning against Ikkor, the wise, the father who has adopted me. But he conspires to destroy thee.”

The king laughed at this suggestion, but he became serious when Nadan promised to give him proof in three days. Nadan then set to work and wrote two letters. One was addressed to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and read as follows:

“Pharaoh, son of the Sun and mighty ruler on earth, live for ever! Thou wouldst reign over Assyria. Give ear then to my words and on the tenth day of the next month come with thy troops to the Eagle Plain beyond the city, and I, Ikkor, the grand vizier, will deliver thine enemy, the King of Assyria, into thy hands.”

To this letter he forged Ikkor’s name; then he took it to the king.

“I have found this,” he said, “and have brought it to thee. It shows thee that Ikkor would deliver this country to thine enemy.”

The king was very angry and would have sent for Ikkor at once, but Nadan counseled patience.

“Wait until the tenth of next month, the day of the annual review, and thou wilt see what will surprise thee still more,” he said.

Then he wrote the second letter. This was to Ikkor and was forged with the king’s name and sealed with the king’s seal which he obtained. It bade Ikkor on the tenth of the next month to assemble the troops on the Eagle Plain to show how numerous they were to the foreign envoys and to pretend to attack the king, so as to demonstrate how well they were drilled.

The vizier returned the day before the review, and while the king stood with Nadan and the foreign envoys, Ikkor and the troops, acting on their instructions, made a pretense of attacking his majesty.

“Do you not see?” said Nadan. “The king of Egypt not being here, Ikkor threatens thee,” and he immediately gave orders to the royal trumpeters to sound “Halt!”

Ikkor was brought before the king and confronted with the letter to Pharaoh.

“Explain this, if thou canst,” exclaimed the king, angrily. “I have trusted thee and loaded thee with riches and honors and thou wouldst betray me. Is not this thy signature, and is not thy seal appended?”

Ikkor was too much astounded to reply, and Nadan whispered to the king that this proved his guilt.

“Lead him to the execution,” cried the king, “and let his head be severed from his body and cast one hundred ells away.”

Falling on his knees, Ikkor pleaded that at least he should be granted the privilege of being executed within his own house so that he might be buried there.

This request was granted, and Nabu Samak, the executioner, led Ikkor a prisoner to his palace. Nabu Samak was a great friend to Ikkor and it grieved him to have to carry out the king’s order.

“Ikkor,” he said, “I am certain that thou art innocent, and I would save thee. Hearken unto me. In the prison is a wretched highwayman who has committed murder and who deserves death. His beard and hair are like thine, and at a little distance he can easily be mistaken for thee. Him will I behead and his head will I show to the crowd, whilst thou canst hide and live in secret.”

Ikkor thanked his friend and the plan was carried out. The robber’s head was exhibited to the crowd from the roof of the house and the people wept because they thought it was the head of the good Ikkor. Meanwhile, the vizier descended into a cellar deep beneath his palace and was there fed, while his adopted son, Nadan, was appointed chief of the king’s counselors in his stead.

Now, when Pharaoh, king of Egypt, heard that Ikkor, the wise, had been executed, he determined to make war upon Assyria. Therefore, he dispatched a letter to the king, asking him to send an architect to design and build a palace in the clouds.

“If this thou doest,” he wrote, “I, Pharaoh, son of the Sun, will pay thee tribute; if thou failest, thou must pay me tribute.”

The king of Assyria was perplexed when he received this letter which had to be answered in three months. Nadan could not advise him what to do, and he bitterly regretted that Ikkor, the man of wisdom, was no longer by his side to advise him.

“I would give one-fourth of my kingdom to bring Ikkor to life again,” he exclaimed.

Hearing these words, Nabu Samak, the executioner, fell on his knees and confessed that Ikkor was alive.

“Bring him hither at once,” cried the king.

Ikkor could scarcely credit the truth when his friend came to him in the cellar with the news, and the people wept tears of joy and pity when the old vizier was led through the streets. He presented a most extraordinary spectacle.

For twelve months he had been immured in the cellar and his beard had grown down to the ground, his hair descended below his shoulders and his finger nails were several inches long. The king wept, too, when he saw his old vizier.

“Ikkor,” he said, “for months have I felt that thou wert innocent, and I have missed thy wise counsels. Help me in my difficulty and thou shalt be pardoned.”

“Your majesty,” said Ikkor, “I desire nothing more than to serve thee. I am innocent. Time will prove me guiltless.”

When he saw Pharaoh’s demand, he smiled.

“‘Tis easy,” he said. “I will go to Egypt and outwit Pharaoh.”

He gave orders that four of the tame eagles in the gardens of the palace should be brought to him with cords five hundred ells long attached to their claws. Then he selected four youths, lithe of figure, and trained them to sit on the backs of the eagles and soar aloft. This done, he set out for Egypt with a big caravan and a long retinue of slaves.

“What is thy name?” asked Pharaoh, when he presented himself.

“My name is Akbam, and I am but the lowest of my king’s advisers.”

“Does thy master then think my demand so simple?” asked Pharaoh.

Ikkor bowed to indicate that this was so, and Pharaoh was much annoyed and puzzled.

“Perform thy task and at once,” he commanded.

At a sign from Ikkor, the four youths mounted the eagles which flew aloft to the extremity of their cords. The birds remained in the air two hundred ells apart, as they had been trained, and the lads held cords in the form of a square.

“That is the plan of the palace in the clouds,” said Ikkor, pointing aloft. “Bid your men carry up bricks and mortar. The task is so simple that the boys will build.”

Pharaoh frowned. He had not expected to be thus outwitted, but he would not immediately acknowledge this.

“In this land,” he said, sarcastically, “we use no mortar. We sew the stones together. Canst thou do this?”

“Easily,” replied Ikkor, “if your wise men can make me a thread of sand.”

“And canst thou weave a thread of sand?” asked Pharaoh.

“I can,” responded Ikkor.

Noting the direction of the sun, he bored a tiny hole in the wall, and a thin sunbeam gleamed through. Then, taking a few grains of sand he blew them through the hole and in the sunbeam they seemed like a thread.

“Take it, quickly,” he cried, but of course nobody could do this.

Pharaoh looked long and earnestly at Ikkor.

“Truly, thou art a man of wisdom,” he said. “If he were not dead I should say thou wert Ikkor, the wise.”

“I am Ikkor,” answered the vizier, and he told the story of his escape.

“I will prove thy innocence,” exclaimed Pharaoh. “I will write a letter to your royal master.”

Not only did he do so, but he gave Ikkor many valuable presents and the vizier returned to Assyria, resumed his place by the king’s side, and became a greater favorite than before. Nadan was banished and was never heard of again.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Quarrel of the Cat and Dog

In the early days of the world, a dog and a cat were inseparable friends. However, the hardships of winter drove them apart, with the cat seeking comfort in Adam’s house and the dog enduring harsh trials. When fate reunited them under Adam’s roof, their differences led to constant conflict, marking the start of their eternal enmity, as they could never reconcile their grievances.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Community and Isolation: The once inseparable friends, cat and dog, choose separate paths, leading to their isolation and the breakdown of their companionship.

Cunning and Deception: The cat’s sly decision to seek comfort in Adam’s house, leaving the dog to fend for himself, showcases cunning behavior.

Trials and Tribulations: Both animals face hardships due to winter’s scarcity, testing their resilience and adaptability.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


In the childhood of the world, when Adam named all the animals and ruled over them, the dog and the cat were the greatest good friends. They were inseparable chums in their recreations, faithful partners in their transactions, and devoted comrades in all their adventures, their pleasures and their sorrows. They lived together, shared each other’s food and confided their secrets to none but themselves. It seemed that no possible difference would ever arise to cause trouble between them.

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Then winter came. It was a new experience to them to feel the cold wind cutting through their skins and making them shiver. The dismal prospect of the leafless trees and the hard cold ground weighed heavily upon their hearts, and, worse still, there was less food. The scarcity grew serious, and hunger plunged them into unhappiness and despair. Doggie became melancholy, while Pussie grew peevish, then petulant, and finally developed a horrid temper.

“We can’t go on like this,” moaned the cat. “I think we had better dissolve partnership. We can’t find enough to share when we are together, but separately we ought each to discover sufficient forage in our hunting.”

“I think I can help you, because I am the stronger,” said the dog.

Pussie did not contradict, but she thought the dog a bit of a fool and too good-natured. She knew herself to be sly and intended to rely on that quality for her future sustenance. Doggie was deeply hurt at Pussie’s desire to end their happy compact, but he said quietly, “Of course, if you insist on parting, I will agree.”

“It is agreed then,” purred Pussie.

“Where will you go?” asked Doggie.

“To the house of Adam,” promptly replied the cat, who had evidently made up her mind. “There are mice there. Adam will be grateful if I clear them away. I shall have food to eat.”

“Very well,” assented the dog. “I will wander further afield.”

Then the cat said solemnly: “We must each take an oath never to cross the other’s path. That is the proper way to terminate a business agreement. The serpent says so, and he is the wisest of all animals.”

They put their right fore-paws together and gravely repeated an oath never to interfere with each other by going to the same place. Then they parted. Doggie trotted off sorrowfully with his head hanging down. Once he looked back, but Puss did not do so. She scampered off as fast as she could to the house of Adam.

“Father Adam,” she cried, “I have come to be your slave. You are troubled with mice in the house. I can rid you of them, and I want nothing else for my services.”

“Thou art welcome,” said Father Adam, stroking Pussie’s warm fur.

Puss rubbed her head against his feet, purred contentedly, and ran off to look for mice. She found plenty and soon grew fat and comfortable. Adam treated her kindly, and she soon forgot all about her former comrade.

Poor Doggie did not fare so well. Indeed, he had a rough time. He wandered aimlessly about over the frozen ground and could not find the slightest scrap of food. After three days, weary, paw-sore and dispirited, he came to a wolf’s lair and begged for shelter. The wolf took pity on him, gave him some scraps of food, and permitted him to sleep in the lair. Doggie was most thankful, and sleeping with his ears on the alert, he heard stealthy footsteps in the night. He told the wolf.

“Drive the intruders away,” said his host in a surly tone.

Doggie went out obediently to do so. But the marauders were wild animals and they nearly killed him. He was lucky to escape with his life. After bathing his wounds at a pool in the early morning he wandered all day long, but again could find nothing. Toward night, when he could scarcely drag his famished and wounded body along, he saw a monkey in a tree.

“Kind monkey,” he pleaded, “give me shelter for the night. I am exhausted and starving.”

“Go away, go away, go away,” chattered the monkey, jumping and swinging swiftly from branch to branch, moving his lips quickly and opening and shutting his eyes comically. Doggie hesitated, and, to frighten him away, the monkey pulled cocoanuts from the tree and pelted him.

Poor Doggie crawled miserably away.

“What shall I do?” he moaned.

Hearing the bleating of some sheep, he made his way to them and asked them to take compassion on him.

“We will,” they replied, “if you will keep watch over us and tell us when the wolf comes.”

Doggie agreed willingly, and, after he had devoured some food, he stretched himself to sleep like a faithful watch-dog, with one eye open.

In the middle of the night he heard the wolves approaching, and, anxious to serve the sheep who had treated him kindly, he sprang to his feet and began to bark loudly. This aroused the sheep, who awoke and started to run in all directions. Some of them ran right into the pack of wolves and were killed and eaten. Poor Doggie was nearly heart-broken.

“It is my fault, my fault,” he wailed. “I barked too soon. Oh, what an unhappy creature I am. I shall keep away from all animals now.”

Once again he set off on his travels. Whenever he met an animal he ran off in the opposite direction. He had to make his journey by the loneliest paths and the most unfrequented routes, and the difficulty of finding food grew steadily greater. At last he grew so weak and thin that he hardly had strength to crawl and he had several narrow escapes from falling a prey to ferocious beasts.

One night he came to a house and begged a morsel of food. It was given, and during the night he woke the man and warned him that wild animals were making a raid. The man jumped up, seized his bow and arrow and drove the thieves away. Then he patted Doggie.

“Good dog,” he said. “You are a wise animal. Stay with me always. You will find Father Adam kind.”

“Father Adam!” cried Doggie, in alarm. “I must not stay here.”

“Nonsense. I say you must,” answered Adam, and Doggie was compelled to obey.

In the morning, Pussie learned that the dog had joined the household and she complained to Adam.

“The dog has violated the oath he swore not to come to the place where I am,” she said.

“He did not know you were here,” said Adam, desirous of maintaining peace. “He is very useful. I want him to remain. He won’t hurt you. There is ample room for both.”

“No, there isn’t,” said Puss spitefully, arching up her back and getting cross. “He broke his oath. He is a wicked creature. You dare not overlook his offense.”

Poor Doggie stood dejectedly apart, with his tail between his legs.

“I didn’t know it was Adam’s house, and I was so hungry and miserable and tired,” he said.

But Pussie would not be pacified. She thrust out her ugly claws and tried to scratch her former partner. The dog kept out of her way as much as possible, but she quarrelled with him at every opportunity, and at last he determined to tolerate her conduct no longer.

“I must leave you, Father Adam,” he said. “Pussie is making my life unbearable.”

“But I want you,” said Adam.

“I’m sorry,” said Doggie, firmly, “but it is really impossible for me to continue in your service. I’ve got another situation at the house of Seth. He wants me, too.”

“Won’t you make friends with Pussie?” asked Adam.

“With pleasure, if she will let me, but she won’t.”

“You blame each other,” said Adam, losing patience. “I can’t make you out. You look like quarrelling for ever.”

Adam’s words have proved true. Ever since that time the cat and dog have failed to agree, and Pussie will never consent to be friendly again with Doggie.


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Abi Fressah’s Feast

Abi Fressah, a gluttonous merchant in Bagdad, exploits friendships for meals, neglecting his business and earning disdain. Tricked by Ben Maslia, a wealthy friend, Abi is lured with tales of a grand feast but subjected to endless delays and torment. Exhausted and humiliated, Abi is mistakenly jailed. The ordeal teaches him humility and prompts a vow to abandon his manipulative habits, marking a lesson in karma and moderation.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Ben Maslia employs clever tactics to teach Abi Fressah a lesson about his gluttony and manipulative behavior.

Trials and Tribulations: Abi Fressah endures a series of humiliations and challenges as a result of his own actions.

Conflict with Authority: Abi’s manipulative behavior leads to his downfall and confrontation with societal norms.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


There was not in the whole city of Bagdad a greedier man than Abi Fressah, and you may be sure he was not popular. It was not that he was rich and refused to give heed to the needs of the poor.

He was, in truth, a merchant in moderately affluent circumstances, and he did not withhold charity from the deserving; but he was a man of enormous appetite and did not scruple to descend to trickery to secure an invitation to a meal.

► Continue reading…

So skilful, indeed, did he become in wheedling these favors from his friends and from those with whom he traded, that he devoted the major portion of each day to feeding and left himself little time to attend to his business affairs. Moreover, he grew unpleasantly fat. His face was red and bloated with much wine drinking. He was not a nice person to look upon at all, and those who had aforetime been his friends came to the conclusion that the day had arrived when he should be taught a severe lesson.

And so it came to pass that when Abi Fressah was standing in the bazaar at the hour of the mid-day meal and eagerly scanning the crowd to discover some acquaintance whom he could induce to ask him to dinner, he saw Ben Maslia, one of the wealthiest and most generous of men in Bagdad.

“Ah, my excellent friend,” Abi cried, warmly greeting Ben Maslia, “’tis almost an eternity since my unworthy eyes were cast upon thy pleasant countenance. Peace be on thee and thine unto the end of days.”

“Also to thee,” returned Ben Maslia.

“And whence comest thou? And whither goest thou, oh most hospitable friend?” Abi Fressah asked these questions hastily, his beady eyes searching the other’s face hungrily for a sign upon which he could seize to invite himself to a meal. “It is the hour of the mid-day meal. Goest thou, perchance, to thy pious home?”

“Thither go I,” said Ben Maslia.

“My path lies in the same direction,” said Abi Fressah. “It will be pleasant to walk together. Come,” and he grasped Ben Maslia by the arm.

“It is kind of thee, friend Abi Fressah,” rejoined the other, “but I have built me a new abode on the other side of the city.”

Abi Fressah’s face fell for a moment, but he was clever enough to take advantage of the news.

“A new dwelling erected by the wealthy Ben Maslia,” he said, winningly, “must be a building of magnificence, worth seeing.”

“Indeed it is as thou sayest,” cried the other enthusiastically, and forthwith he launched into a lavish description of his residence.

Abi Fressah grew impatient when Ben Maslia began to describe each room in detail, his hunger increased when, in glowing words, his friend painted the gorgeous dining-room, and his mouth watered at the information that the cellars were stocked with a thousand bottles of wine.

“Blessings on thee and thy wine-cellar and thy house,” murmured Abi Fressah, when he could get in a word. “I have no business of consequence to transact this afternoon. I could not pay thee a better compliment than to spend it examining thy treasures.”

“Of a certainty thou couldst not,” assented the other, to his great glee.

“Then let us proceed,” said Abi Fressah.

So they set out, Ben Maslia still continuing his glowing account of his wonderful house.

“It must be as spacious as a palace,” put in Abi Fressah.

“Thou speakest truth,” agreed Ben Maslia. “I will illustrate to thee the vast expanse of my new residence.”

He stopped in his walk, measured one hundred paces in the street, and intimated that this represented the width of the central courtyard.

Abi Fressah was overwhelmed with surprise, but he was growing momentarily hungrier, and it was with difficulty he could restrain his impatience.

“Yes, yes,” he said, “I would fain gaze upon the outer door of thy dwelling.”

“Such an outer door,” said Ben Maslia, “hast thou never seen. Its width….” and again he began to measure the street to indicate its dimensions.

“And further,” he added, calmly, either failing to notice, or deliberately overlooking Abi Fressah’s growing distress, “its shape and design are…!” and he dragged the other through several streets until he found a door to which he could point as being not altogether unlike his own.

“But I weary thee,” he said, suddenly, as if regretful of the time he had wasted.

“Nay, nay, not at all,” Abi Fressah assured him, although he was inwardly fuming at the delay. “Thy descriptions delight me immeasurably. Thou hast not yet unfolded to me the wonders of thy dining-room.”

Thereupon Ben Maslia took up the tale of the dining-room and its furniture, and he dragged his companion half a mile out of their path to show him the furniture emporium where he had purchased the tables and the couches. Then he retraced his steps to point out a building from which he had borrowed certain ideas of decoration.

Abi Fressah’s fat body was unused to such exertion. He perspired freely, his legs tottered beneath him, and his tongue was parched. He was really very uncomfortable, and the pangs of hunger from which he suffered were not lessened when Ben Maslia stopped outside a restaurant to speak to a friend who was just going in.

The conversation was prolonged, and all the time Abi Fressah’s nose was tickled by the smell of the cooking. He endured agonies, especially when the friend invited Ben Maslia to dine with him, and Ben Maslia, after a few moment’s hesitation, firmly declined.

“I must apologize to thee for this delay,” said Ben Maslia, when at length he left his friend, “but the matter was urgent. I will make up to thee by the magnificence of the feast.”

Abi Fressah thanked him cordially for his consideration, but his pain was intense when Ben Maslia insisted on giving him fullest particulars of all the dishes he would enjoy.

“Yes, yes,” Abi kept saying, but Ben Maslia stayed his interruptions.

“Thy dwelling is far from the center of the city,” Abi Fressah managed to say at last.

“That is a virtue,” commented Ben Maslia, and he followed it up with the advice given to him by a renowned physician that a house was healthiest when it stood alone, away from the busy haunts of men. To all this and more, Abi Fressah was compelled to listen. His whole fat body ached with weariness, he was tortured by a raging thirst, and he fancied he felt himself growing thinner–so fearfully hungry was he.

The sun was sinking when at last they reached the house, and Abi Fressah was afraid for a moment that his host would enlarge upon its architecture. To his relief, however, they entered straightway, and Ben Maslia said to him, “Thou must be fatigued after thy walk. Rest awhile.”

Abi Fressah was truly grateful, and taking off his shoes he stretched himself on a comfortable couch. He dozed for a while, but was awakened by the noise of clattering dishes and the smell of savory cooking. He almost forgot his unpleasant afternoon in the prospect of the coming feast, but Ben Maslia came not. Abi Fressah soon felt angry. He could not restrain himself from banging a big brass gong to summon a servant. But although he banged several times, no servant answered the call. Abi Fressah nearly shed tears in his despair.

Suddenly Ben Maslia appeared before him.

“I thought I would give thee ample rest,” he said suavely. “Come, we must perform our ablutions.”

Abi Fressah would have preferred to have dispensed with this ceremony, but he could not offend his host by declining to conform to the custom of the period. Ben Maslia led the way to the bath-chamber, and there they spent quite an hour. Then, thoroughly refreshed, the host said, “Now I will show thee the wonders and beauties of my domain.”

Abi Fressah was almost stupified with hunger, but he had to permit himself to be led through each room and to hear again the praises that had already been poured into his ears all the afternoon. Only the smell of the cooking fortified his spirit and enabled him to undergo the ordeal. He seemed to wake up from a stupor when his host opened a door and exclaimed, “This is the feasting-chamber.”

A scene of splendor burst upon the eyes of Abi Fressah. He rubbed his hands in glee and was ready to forget and forgive the discomforts of the past few hours. The dining-room presented a magnificent appearance, with its gorgeous hangings, its many lamps, and its marble floor. But these things Abi Fressah scarcely noted. His gaze was promptly directed on the table.

It was spread with the most sumptuous repast that ever he had seen. There were dishes upon dishes of tasty sweetmeats, huge platters of luscious fruits, many bottles of wine, and covered bowls from which arose the most appetizing aroma. Abi Fressah’s mouth began to twitch and his eyes glowed. He moved forward to a seat.

“Good friend,” said his host, “let me first introduce to your notice my staff of servants.”

He clapped his hands, and immediately, in quite startling fashion, a dozen servants stepped from behind the hangings which had hidden them and bowed before their master. With a dozen attendants to wait upon him, Abi Fressah saw that he was going to enjoy a meal worthy of the occasion. He looked upon the slaves with satisfaction.

“Note, my worthy Abi Fressah,” said Ben Maslia, “that this is no ordinary retinue of servants. Each one comes from a different part of the known world. Rosh, the big man there, head of them all, is the only native of Bagdad. He has an interesting history. He has been in my service since his birth. His father was likewise in the service of my sainted father, and his grandfather…. But let that suffice. I would not imprison thy appetite longer. Sheni–that is the second servant, the big black Nubian there–bring hither the first dish.”

Sheni took up one of the dishes from the table and placed himself by the side of his master.

“Stands he not well?” asked Ben Maslia, in admiring tones. “He is a descendant of kings. In ancient days his ancestors sat on a throne and ruled over a huge territory beyond the deserts of Africa. I obtained him during my journey in that country. And on that occasion I discovered this beautiful rug in a shop in Cairo.”

Saying which, Ben Maslia rose from his seat and fingered lovingly one of the hangings of the room. Abi Fressah did not rise. He was trying to keep his temper. The dish which Sheni held so tantalizingly under his very nose made him mad with hunger and desire.

But Ben Maslia took no heed. He began to dilate upon the virtues of another piece of tapestry.

“This,” he said, “I bought in the famous bazaar of Damascus. It is hundreds of years old. And in that city, too, I became possessed of my third servant, Shelishi there, a true-born son of the Holy Land and the keeper of my camels. Our meeting was an adventure….”

Abi Fressah was not listening. This was beyond endurance. He felt that soon he would collapse in a faint on the floor. And still Ben Maslia droned on. There was a servant from China and also a cunningly wrought vase from that land; a brown page boy in a red turban from India from which land his host had also brought the lamp standing in the center of the table and some of the flowers which adorned the room.

“You would not guess,” he was saying, “that many of these blooms are not natural. They are artificial but mixed so skilfully with the real that even experts would be deluded.”

By this time Abi Fressah was beyond the power of speech. Two or three times, he tried to speak but could not. He was really too weak. Never in his life before had he been so hungry, so tortured. It was some time, however, before Ben Maslia noticed his plight.

“Art thou ill?” he exclaimed. “That grieves me. But, fortunately, I have in the house an experienced apothecary who can apply leeches and relieve thee of foul blood.”

“No, no,” pleaded the unhappy Abi Fressah, finding his tongue at this dismal prospect.

“Perchance a glass of rare cordial will revive thee,” said Ben Maslia, taking one of the bottles from the table.

Abi Fressah managed to gasp the word “Yes,” and Rosh held a goblet into which Ben Maslia poured a rich, red fluid.

“Drink this,” he said kindly, holding the cup to his guest’s lip.

“At last,” thought Abi Fressah, as he opened his mouth.

The next moment he sprang from his stool with astonishing agility, spluttering and cursing. The liquid was bitter in the extreme, the taste it left in his mouth most horrid.

“Now I know I have been hoodwinked,” he screamed in rage, and he dashed toward the outer door.

“Stay, stay–what ails thee?” cried Ben Maslia.

“Stop, stop,” echoed the servants, as Abi Fressah commenced to run.

The cry was taken up in the street by those who saw a fat man panting along in the darkness, pursued by a number of servants.

“Stop thief!” was the cry of one man in his excitement. The town guards heard, and without any ado they seized Abi Fressah and hauled him off to the jail. In vain he begged for mercy and struggled for freedom.

“If thou wilt not behave, we shall use force,” the guards said, and they beat him with staves.

At the jail, Abi Fressah was flung into a cell, and there, on a bed of straw on the ground, he spent a horrible, sleepless night. He ached in every bone in his body, he was bruised all over, and his hunger was such that he felt he had never eaten in his life. His reflections were sad, as you may well imagine, and they led him to a vow that never again would he seek the hospitality of his friends. He realized at last that he had made himself obnoxious and had been cleverly and deservedly well punished.

Even yet his sufferings were not at an end, for next morning, when he was released and sent for his physician, the latter prescribed a diet of gruel and barley water for a whole week!


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The Red Slipper

Rosy-red, a sweet girl with magical red slippers, faces hardship when her grandmother is replaced by a cruel stepfamily. Despite her struggles, she awakens a helpful jinn who gifts her jewels, sparking her sisters’ envy. Cast out, Rosy-red reunites with her grandmother in the woods. Discovered by a chieftain’s son through her slipper, she becomes his bride, leaving behind her sorrows for happiness.

Source
Jewish Fairy Tales and Legends
by Gertrude Landa (“Aunt Naomi”)
Bloch Publishing Co., New York, 1919


► Themes of the story

Transformation through Love: Rosy-red’s life changes positively after being discovered by the chieftain’s son, leading to her becoming his bride.

Cunning and Deception: Rosy-red’s stepfamily deceives her father and mistreats her, showcasing themes of deceit and manipulation.

Sacred Objects: The red slippers possess magical qualities, playing a significant role in Rosy-red’s journey and ultimate happiness.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Jewish mythology


Rosy-red was a sweet little girl, with beautiful blue eyes, soft pink cheeks and glorious ruddy-gold hair of the tinge that artists love to paint. Her mother died the day she was born, but her grandmother looked after her with such tender care that Rosy-red regarded her as her mother. She was very happy, was Rosy-red. All day long she sang, as she tripped gaily about the house or the woods that surrounded it, and so melodious was her voice that the birds gathered on the trees to listen to her and to encourage her to continue, by daintily chirruping whenever she ceased.

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Merrily Rosy-red performed all the little duties her grandmother called upon her to do, and on festivals she was allowed to wear a delightful pair of red leather slippers, her father’s gift to her on her first birthday. Now, although neither she nor her father knew it, they were magic slippers which grew larger as her feet grew. Rosy-red was only a child and so did not know that slippers don’t usually grow. Her grandmother knew the secret of the slippers, but she did not tell, and her father had become too moody and too deeply absorbed in his own thoughts and affairs to notice anything.

One day–Rosy-red remembered it only too sadly–she returned from the woods to find her grandmother gone and three strange women in the house. She stopped suddenly in the midst of her singing and her cheeks turned pale, for she did not like the appearance of the strangers.

“Who are you?” she asked.

“I am your new mother,” answered the eldest of the three, “and these are my daughters, your two new sisters.”

Rosy-red trembled with fear. They were all three so ugly, and she began to cry.

Her new sisters scolded her for that and would have beaten her had not her father appeared. He spoke kindly, telling her he had married again, because he was lonely and that her step-mother and step-sisters would be good to her. But Rosy-red knew different. She hastened away to her own little room and hid her slippers of which she was very proud.

“They have turned my dear granny out of doors; they will take from me my beautiful slippers,” she sobbed.

After that, Rosy-red sang no more. She became a somber girl and a drudge. The birds could not understand. They followed her through the woods, but she was silent, as if she had been stricken dumb, and her eyes always seemed eager to be shedding tears. Also, she was too busy to notice her feathered friends.

She had to collect firewood for the home, to draw water from the well and struggle along with the heavy bucket whose weight made her arms and her back ache with pain. Sometimes, too, her white arms were scarred with bruises, for her cruel and selfish step-sisters did not hesitate to beat her. Often they went out to parties, or to dances, and on these occasions she had to act as their maid and help them to dress. Rosy-red did not mind; she was only happy when they were out of the house. Then only did she sing softly to herself, and the birds came to listen.

And thus many unhappy years passed away.

Once, when her father was away from home, her step-sisters went off to a wedding dance. They told her not to forget to draw water from the well, and warned her that if she forgot, as she did the last time, they would beat her without mercy when they returned.

So Rosy-red, tired though she was, went out in the darkness to draw water. She lowered the bucket, but the cord broke and the pail fell to the bottom of the well. She ran back home for a long stick with a hook at the end of it to recover the bucket, and as she put it into the water she sang:

Swing and sweep till all does cling And to the surface safely bring.

Now it so happened that a sleeping jinn dwelt at the bottom of the well. He could only be awakened by a spell, and although Rosy-red did not know it, the words she uttered, which she had once heard her granny use, were the spell.

The jinn awoke, and he was so delighted with the sweet voice that he promptly decided to help the girl whom he saw peering down into the water. He fastened the bucket to the stick and, taking some jewels from a treasure of which he was the guardian, he put them inside.

“Oh, how beautiful,” cried Rosy-red when she saw the glittering gems. “They are ever so much nicer than those my sisters put on to go to the ball.”

Then she sat thinking for a while and a bright idea came into her head.

“I will give these jewels to my sisters,” she said. “Perhaps they will be kinder to me.”

She waited impatiently until the sisters returned from the dance and immediately told them. For a moment they were too dazed to speak when they saw the sparkling precious stones. Then they looked meaningly at one another and asked how she came by them. Rosy told them of the words she had sung.

“Ah, we thought so,” said the sisters, to her horror. “The jewels are ours. We hid them in the well for safety. You have stolen them.”

In vain Rosy-red protested. Her sisters would not listen. They beat her severely, told her to hurry off to bed, and then, snatching the bucket, they hurried off to the well. They lowered the bucket and sang the words that Rosy-red had sung. At least they thought they sang; but their voices were harsh. The sleeping jinn awoke again, but he did not like the croaking sound the sisters made.

“Ha, ha!” he laughed. “I will teach you to disturb my sleep with hideous noises and shall punish such pranks played on me. Here are some more croakers,” and he filled the bucket with slimy toads and frogs.

The sisters were so enraged that they ran back home and dragged poor Rosy-red from her bed.

“You cat, you thief,” screamed one.

“You cheat,” exclaimed the other. “Off you go. Not another day can you remain in this house.”

Rosy-red was too much taken by surprise to say anything. It was an outrage to turn her out of her father’s house while he was away on a journey, but the thought came to her that she could hardly be less happy living alone in the woods.

She had only time to snatch her pretty red slippers, and as soon as she was out of sight of the house she put them on. It made her feel less miserable. The sun was now rising and when its rays shone on her she began to sing. With her old friends, the birds, twittering all about her, she felt quite happy.

On and on she walked, much farther into the woods than ever before. When she grew tired there was always a pleasant shady nook where she could rest; when she became hungry, there were fruit trees in abundance; and when she was thirsty she always came to a spring of clear, fresh water. The magic slippers guided her. All day long she wandered, and when toward evening she noticed her slippers were muddy she took them off to clean. And then darkness fell. It began to rain and she grew frightened. She crouched under a tree until she noticed a light some short distance away. She got up and walked toward it.

When quite close, she saw that the light came from a cave dwelling. An old woman came out to meet her. It was her grandmother, but so many years had passed that Rosy-red did not recognize her. Granny, however, at once knew her. “Come in, my child, and take shelter from the rain,” she said kindly, and Rosy-red was only too glad to accept the invitation.

The inside of the cave was quite cosy, and Rosy-red, who was almost completely exhausted, quickly fell fast asleep. She awoke with a start.

“My pretty red slippers,” she cried. “Where are they?”

She put her hand in the pocket of her tattered dress, but could only find one.

“I must have lost the other,” she sobbed. “I must go out and look for it.”

“No, no,” said granny. “You cannot do that. A storm is raging.”

Rosy-red peered out through the door of the cave and drew back in fear as she saw the lightning flash and heard the thunder rolling. She sobbed herself to sleep again, and this time was awakened by voices. She feared it might be her sisters who had discovered her hiding place and had come to drag her forcibly back home again. So she crept into a corner of the cave and listened intently.

A man was speaking.

“Know you to whom this red slipper belongs?” he was asking. “I found it in the woods.”

Rosy-red was on the point of rushing out to regain her lost slipper when her granny’s voice–very loud on purpose that she should hear–restrained her.

“No, no, I know not,” she repeated again and again, and at length the man departed.

Granny came back into the cave and said, “I am sorry, Rosy-red, but for aught I knew, he might be a messenger from your cruel sisters; and, of course, I cannot let anyone take you back to them.”

Next day, the man called again, this time with several attendants. Again, Rosy-red concealed herself.

“I am a chieftain’s son, and wealthy,” said the man. “I must find the wearer of this shoe. Only a graceful and beautiful girl can wear such a dainty slipper.”

Rosy-red did not know whether to be more frightened or pleased, when her granny told her the man was very handsome and of noble bearing.

Day after day he came, each time with more retainers, and, finally, he arrived mounted on a richly caparisoned camel with a hundred and one followers, all mounted as he was.

“The girl I seek is here,” he said. “Deny it no longer. My servants have scoured the woods and the whole neighborhood. One is prepared to swear he heard a young girl singing yesterday.”

Rosy-red saw that concealment was no longer possible. She liked the man’s voice, and she stepped out bravely, wearing her one slipper.

The stranger, bowing low before her, held out the other, and Rosy-red took it and put it on. It fitted perfectly.

“Many girls have tried to put on that shoe,” said the young man, “but all have failed. And I have sworn to make the wearer my bride. I am a chieftain’s son, and thou shalt be a princess.”

So Rosy-red left the cave with her granny, and mounting a camel was led through the woods to her new home where she knew naught but happiness and the days of her sufferings were quite forgotten. And always she wore her magic red slippers.


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The Heron and the Parrot Are Unbelieving

This tale explains the behaviors of herons and parrots through a cautionary story of mutual prohibitions. The Heron warns the Parrot against landing on the ground, while the Parrot forbids the Heron from sleeping in a house. Doubting each other, both violate these bans, leading to the Heron’s death and the Parrot’s captivity. These outcomes shape their species’ enduring habits, symbolizing trust and the consequences of ignoring wisdom.

Source
Among Congo Cannibals
by John H. Weeks
Seeley, Service & Co.,London, 1913


► Themes of the story

Forbidden Knowledge: The heron and the parrot each possess knowledge of prohibitions that, when ignored, lead to dire consequences.

Cunning and Deception: Both birds deceive themselves into believing that the prohibitions are false, leading them to test the boundaries set by each other.

Family Dynamics: The story touches on the relationships within the species, as the actions of the heron and the parrot influence the behaviors of their respective families.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Bantu peoples


In the following story the birds enter into this blood bond, and the peculiarities of each are regarded as prohibitions placed on them during the ceremony. There are many such stories accounting for the physical idiosyncrasies of various birds and animals.

When the Heron and the Parrot entered into the bonds of blood-brotherhood the Heron put the Parrot under a ban, saying: “Friend Parrot, you must always remain in the tree[1]tops, and never alight on the ground. If you do so you will not be able to fly again, for you will be caught, killed, and eaten; and even if you are not killed the folk who catch you will tame you, and you will lose your power to fly again in the air.”

The Parrot said: “Friend Heron, you must never build a house to sleep in it; if you do you will die.”

After some time the Heron began to doubt the words of the Parrot, and he said to himself: “Perhaps my friend told me a he about sleeping in a house. I will test his words, and if I die my family will know that the words of the Parrot are true, and they will never sleep in a house.”

► Continue reading…

That evening the Heron entered a house (nest), and next morning his family found him lying dead. Ever since that time the Herons have always slept on the branches of the trees.

The Parrot also doubted the power of the Heron’s prohibition, and said to himself: “I will alight on the ground, and if I am unable to fly again my family will know the Heron’s words are true ones.”

So down the Parrot flew, and alighting on the ground he foimd there plenty to eat, but when he tried to rise again he was not able to use his wings. Some people caught him and tamed him, and he remained a slave in their town.

That is the reason why the Parrots always fly high above the tree-tops and never alight on the earth, because of the prohibition of their friend the Heron.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Spider Regrets Her Marriage

A Spider, known for rejecting suitors, marries a deceptive Python disguised as a man. Ignoring warnings, she follows him to his distant “town,” only to find it’s a hollow tree where he reveals his true form. Stranded and regretful for refusing genuine suitors, she eventually returns to her father with help, learning the perils of pride and poor judgment in relationships.

Source
Among Congo Cannibals
by John H. Weeks
Seeley, Service & Co.,London, 1913


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Python deceives the Spider by disguising himself as a man to win her trust and marry her.

Transformation: The Python’s ability to change his appearance from a snake to a man and back again is central to the plot.

Forbidden Knowledge: The Spider is warned about her suitor’s true nature but chooses to ignore the advice, leading to her predicament.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Bantu peoples


There was a Spider who lived with her parents in their town. She was unmarried, and it was very difficult to find a husband for her as she was so hard to please. One young man asked her father for her in marriage, but he said: “You must ask her yourself.” And when he told her: “I love you. Will you be my wife?” she replied, “No,” in such a way that he went back to his house very angry. Another young man came, and she said: “I refuse all husbands, for I am going to remain as I am.”

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After a time another suitor came, and when the Spider declined him he said: “You refuse all offers of marriage from us; but a person will come who will not be a proper person at all, for he will have changed himself to look like a nice man. You will marry him, and you will have much trouble on going with him, for he will take you to his country, which will be far away, and you will regret that you have refused all of us.”

“Be quiet!” she shouted; “you are angry because I will not marry you, and that is why you threaten me.”

“Very well,” said he, “you think I am telling you a lie,” and away he went to his town. Now this was the Python who spoke to the girl.

The Python waited in his town for some time, and then he changed himself into another and nicer form and paid a visit to the Spider, and said to her: “Spider, I have come to many you.”

The Spider asked him: “Do you love me or not?”

He answered her: “I love you,” and they were married.

After a time he said: “Spider, we must return to my town.” And he deceitfully told her that he lived in a fine town, and was very rich. He also promised his father-in-law that he would return in six months—a promise he never intended to keep.

The Spider and her husband started on their journey, and went on and on and on for two months, and the wife became very tired with the long walk.

As they were nearing their town a person said to her: “The one who is travelling with you is not a real person, but a snake that has changed itself to look like a person. Do not believe in him.”

They reached the husband’s town, which she found was simply a tree with a large hole in it. The husband changed back to his snake form, and coiling himself up in the hole he left his wife to do the best she could outside.

The Spider was very angry, and repented having been so stupid as to refuse all the nice young men of her own town to be deceived by this snake from a distance. The poor Spider became very thin and would have died, only someone helped her back to her father.

The custom of making blood-brotherhood was very common on the Upper Congo. The ceremony has already been described in a previous chapter, and therefore it is not necessary to go again into detail. During the performance of the rite the contracting parties who exhibited any doubt of each other’s faithfulness in properly observing the bond would put one another under a prohibition or taboo, and so long as they carefully obeyed the prohibition the blood bond remained in force.


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Why the Plantain-Eater Did Not Build a Nest

The tale of the Plantain-eater, a bird known for its vibrant plumage and self-centered cries, reflects a moral lesson about procrastination and self-reliance. Unlike other birds that prepared nests for shelter, the Plantain-eater relied on others during storms, making excuses to avoid building its own. Ultimately, it faced rejection and discomfort, embodying the consequences of failing to act responsibly when given the chance.

Source
Among Congo Cannibals
by John H. Weeks
Seeley, Service & Co.,London, 1913


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Plantain-eater attempts to deceive others into providing shelter instead of taking responsibility.

Community and Isolation: The bird’s refusal to contribute by building its own nest leads to its isolation during adverse conditions.

Conflict with Nature: The Plantain-eater’s lack of preparation leaves it vulnerable to natural elements like rain.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Bantu peoples


The Plantain-eater is a gaudy-plumaged bird, not quite so large as a Cockatoo. It is called by the natives Lukulu[1]koko. Its notes are, Kulu! kulu! kulukoko! hence the natives say, “It is always talking about itself.”

All the birds built nests so that when it rained they could shelter and remain dry. The Plantain-eater, however, never troubled to build a nest, but when the rain fell in torrents he went to a neighbour and said: “Let me come into your nest out of the rain.”

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But his neighbour answered him: “No, go and cut some palm fronds and build your own nest.”

The Plantain-eater, at this reply, went off crying: “Kulu! kulu! kulukoko! Wait until the rain stops, and then I will fetch fronds to build my nest.”

By and by the rain ceased and the neighbours called out: “Plantain-eater, the rain is finished, now get your fronds for nest building.”

But the Plantain-eater said: “I will stop where I am, and when it rains I will raise my shoulders and put my head under my feathers, and the rain will not hurt me.”

The next time it rained, however, he found it was very unpleasant to be out in it; and again he asked to be allowed to enter a neighbour’s nest, but he was driven off. Thus it always happened that when it rained he intended to build a house; and when it was fine he said he did not need a house, but would put his head under his feathers.

And that is why the Plantain-eater is seen jumping from branch to branch in the rain, trying to enter other people’s nests, making all kinds of promises in the rain, and only talking loudly and boasting in the fine weather of what he will do.


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The Eagle Leaves the Tortoise in the Lurch

A Leopard entrusted her children to a Tortoise while hunting. The Tortoise deceived her, feeding her children to an Eagle with whom he made a pact. When all the children were gone, the Leopard discovered the betrayal and pursued the Tortoise, who sought the Eagle’s help. Ultimately abandoned by the Eagle, the Tortoise was caught and killed, teaching the animals to fear harming a Leopard’s offspring.

Source
Among Congo Cannibals
by John H. Weeks
Seeley, Service & Co.,London, 1913


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative highlights the moral conflict between the Leopard’s trust and the deceitful actions of the Tortoise and Eagle.

Cunning and Deception: The Tortoise employs deceit to mislead the Leopard and collaborate with the Eagle.

Divine Punishment: The Tortoise’s ultimate fate can be seen as a form of retribution for his transgressions.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Bantu peoples


A Leopard had three young children, and she asked the Tortoise to take care of them while she was away hunting. “Very well,” said the Tortoise, “I will nurse them for you.” So the Leopard went hunting, and after a time she returned with some meat which she wished to give to her children.

“No, no, do not open the door,” whispered the Tortoise, “your children are asleep. Throw the meat in at the window.” The meat was passed through the window, and the Leopard went off hunting again.

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While the Leopard was gone the second time, an Eagle came to the Tortoise and said: “Friend Tortoise, let us make blood-brotherhood.”

The Tortoise agreed, and the friendship was properly made. After a short time the Eagle asked the Tortoise for one of the children to eat, and one was taken, and they ate it between them.

By and by the Leopard returned again from the hunt with some more meat; but the Tortoise pretended that the children were asleep; so the meat was again put through the window, and off went the Leopard to hunt in the forest.

The Eagle then came and begged for another child, and receiving it he went and ate it on a high tree.

When the Leopard returned next time, she insisted on seeing the children, but the Tortoise said: “You stop there and I will show them to you at the window.”

The Tortoise then took up the only child left, and holding it at the window he said, “That is one.” He put it down and held it up again, and said, “That is two.” Then he showed it again at the window for the third time, and said, “That is three.” The Leopard, thereupon, went away satisfied.

The Eagle came again and asked for the “other child to eat.”

“What shall I do,” asked the Tortoise, “when the Leopard returns and finds all her children are gone?”

“Oh, I will take care of you,” said the Eagle reassuringly; “I will fly with you to a high tree.”The last child was given and eaten, and then the Eagle took the Tortoise to the branch of a very high tree.

Shortly after the Eagle had carried off the Tortoise the Leopard returned, and finding all her children gone she wept very loudly for some time; then looking about her she saw the Tortoise on the top of a tree.

The Leopard gnawed at the tree, and just as it was going to fall the Tortoise called out to his friend, the Eagle, to help him. The Eagle carried him to another tree. The Leopard gnawed that one; so the Eagle removed the Tortoise to another high tree; but the Leopard gnawed that also.

The Tortoise called for his friend, the Eagle; but the Eagle replied: “I am tired of helping you, take care of yourself,” and off he flew, leaving his friend in the lurch, and never returned again. The tree fell, and the Leopard killed the Tortoise. That is why the bush animals are afraid to hurt the Leopard’s children.


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Why the Fowl and Dog Are Abused by the Birds

In this tale, birds and animals once lived in the sky. When cold and rain struck, they sent the Dog to fetch fire. Distracted by food on the ground, he forgot his mission. The Fowl, sent to hurry him, also succumbed to earthly temptations. Today, bird cries mock the Dog and Fowl for their selfishness, a symbolic reminder of their abandonment of friends in need.

Source
Among Congo Cannibals
by John H. Weeks
Seeley, Service & Co.,London, 1913


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The tale highlights the deceptive nature of the Dog and Fowl, who, instead of fulfilling their promise to bring fire, indulge in earthly pleasures, leading to their downfall.

Community and Isolation: The story underscores the importance of communal responsibility and the isolation that results from failing to support one’s community in times of need.

Echoes of the Past: The ongoing mockery by certain birds serves as a reminder of past transgressions, illustrating how historical actions can influence present relationships and societal norms.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Bantu peoples


There was a time when all the birds and animals lived in the sky. One day it was very rainy and cold—so cold that they were all shivering. The birds said to the Dog: “Go down and fetch us some fire to warm ourselves.”

The Dog descended, but seeing plenty of bones and pieces of fish Iying about on the ground he torgot to take the fire to the shivering birds. The birds and animals waited, and the Dog not returning they sent the Fowl to hasten him with the fire.

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The Fowl, however, on arriving below, beheld plenty of palm nuts, pea nuts, maize, and other good things, so he did not tell the Dog to take up the fire, and did not take any himself.

This is the reason why you can hear of an evening a bird that sings with notes like this, “Nsusu akende bombo! nsusu akende bombo!” which means. The Fowl has become a slave! the Fowl has become a slave! And the Heron sometimes sits on a tree near a village and cries, “Mbwa owa! mbwa owa!” = Dog, you die! dog, you die! [I have often heard these birds, and their notes quickly suggested the phrases quoted above, and undoubtedly gave rise to the story.]

This is why you hear these birds jeer at and abuse the Fowl and Dog, because they left their friends to shiver in the cold while they enjoyed themselves in warmth and plenty.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page