The Dance for Water or Rabbits’ Triumph

During a severe drought, animals united to dance water to the riverbed’s surface. Rabbit mocked their efforts and stole water, prompting them to plan his capture. Tortoise tricked Rabbit with a pitch-coated shell, ensnaring him. The animals decided Rabbit’s punishment, but his cunning prevailed. When Lion tried to kill him by swinging him by the tail, Rabbit escaped, leaving only his tail’s skin behind.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Rabbit employs trickery to access the water without participating in the communal effort, showcasing his deceitful nature.

Community and Isolation: While the animals unite to solve the water crisis, Rabbit isolates himself, refusing to join the collective endeavor.

Revenge and Justice: The animals devise a plan to capture and punish Rabbit for his selfish actions, seeking justice for his transgressions.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

There was a frightful drought. The rivers after a while dried up and even the springs gave no water.

The animals wandered around seeking drink, but to no avail. Nowhere was water to be found.

A great gathering of animals was held: Lion, Tiger, Wolf, Jackal, Elephant, all of them came together. What was to be done? That was the question. One had this plan, and another had that; but no plan seemed of value.

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Finally one of them suggested: “Come, let all of us go to the dry river bed and dance; in that way we can tread out the water.”

Good! Everyone was satisfied and ready to begin instantly, excepting Rabbit, who said, “I will not go and dance. All of you are mad to attempt to get water from the ground by dancing.”

The other animals danced and danced, and ultimately danced the water to the surface. How glad they were. Everyone drank as much as he could, but Rabbit did not dance with them. So it was decided that Rabbit should have no water.

He laughed at them: “I will nevertheless drink some of your water.”

That evening he proceeded leisurely to the river bed where the dance had been, and drank as much as he wanted. The following morning the animals saw the footprints of Rabbit in the ground, and Rabbit shouted to them: “Aha! I did have some of the water, and it was most refreshing and tasted fine.”

Quickly all the animals were called together. What were they to do? How were they to get Rabbit in their hands? All had some means to propose; the one suggested this, and the other that.

Finally old Tortoise moved slowly forward, foot by foot: “I will catch Rabbit.”

“You? How? What do you think of yourself?” shouted the others in unison.

“Rub my shell with pitch,[black beeswax] and I will go to the edge of the water and lie down. I will then resemble a stone, so that when Rabbit steps on me his feet will stick fast.”

“Yes! Yes! That’s good.”

And in a one, two, three, Tortoise’s shell was covered with pitch, and foot by foot he moved away to the river. At the edge, close to the water, he lay down and drew his head into his shell.

Rabbit during the evening came to get a drink. “Ha!” he chuckled sarcastically, “they are, after all, quite decent. Here they have placed a stone, so now I need not unnecessarily wet my feet.”

Rabbit trod with his left foot on the stone, and there it stuck. Tortoise then put his head out. “Ha! old Tortoise! And it’s you, is it, that’s holding me. But here I still have another foot. I’ll give you a good clout.” Rabbit gave Tortoise what he said he would with his right fore foot, hard and straight; and there his foot remained.

“I have yet a hind foot, and with it I’ll kick you.” Rabbit drove his hind foot down. This also rested on Tortoise where it struck.

“But still another foot remains, and now I’ll tread you.” He stamped his foot down, but it stuck like the others.

He used his head to hammer Tortoise, and his tail as a whip, but both met the same fate as his feet, so there he was tight and fast down to the pitch.

Tortoise now slowly turned himself round and foot by foot started for the other animals, with Rabbit on his back.

“Ha! ha! ha! Rabbit! How does it look now? Insolence does not pay after all,” shouted the animals.

Now advice was sought. What should they do with Rabbit? He certainly must die. But how? One said, “Behead him”; another, “Some severe penalty.”

“Rabbit, how are we to kill you?”

“It does not affect me,” Rabbit said. “Only a shameful death please do not pronounce.”

“And what is that?” they all shouted.

“To take me by my tail and dash my head against a stone; that I pray and beseech you don’t do.”

“No, but just so you’ll die. That is decided.”

It was decided Rabbit should die by taking him by his tail and dashing his head to pieces against some stone. But who is to do it?

Lion, because he is the most powerful one.

Good! Lion should do it. He stood up, walked to the front, and poor Rabbit was brought to him. Rabbit pleaded and beseeched that he couldn’t die such a miserable death. Lion took Rabbit firmly by the tail and swung him around. The white skin slipped off from Rabbit, and there Lion stood with the white bit of skin and hair in his paw. Rabbit was free.

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The Story of a Dam

A severe drought led Lion to summon animals to create a water dam, excluding the lazy Jackal. Once the dam filled with rain, Jackal disrupted the water and outwitted Baboon, the guard. Tortoise devised a clever trap, capturing Jackal. Despite his death sentence, Jackal escaped through cunning trickery, leaving Lion trapped under a rock and the animals frustrated by his endless deceit.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Jackal employs trickery to exploit the dam’s resources without contributing to its creation, deceiving Baboon and the other animals.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about the consequences of laziness and deceit, as Jackal’s actions lead to discord among the animals.

Community and Isolation: The story contrasts the collective effort of the animals in building the dam with Jackal’s selfish behavior, emphasizing the value of communal cooperation.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

There was a great drought in the land; and Lion called together a number of animals so that they might devise a plan for retaining water when the rains fell. The animals which attended at Lion’s summons were Baboon, Leopard, Hyena, Jackal, Hare, and Mountain Tortoise. It was agreed that they should scratch a large hole in some suitable place to hold water; and the next day they all began to work, with the exception of Jackal, who continually hovered about in that locality, and was overheard to mutter that he was not going to scratch his nails off in making water holes.

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When the dam was finished the rains fell, and it was soon filled with water, to the great delight of those who had worked so hard at it. The first one, however, to come and drink there, was Jackal, who not only drank, but filled his clay pot with water, and then proceeded to swim in the rest of the water, making it as muddy and dirty as he could.

This was brought to the knowledge of Lion, who was very angry and ordered Baboon to guard the water the next day, armed with a huge knobkirrie. Baboon was concealed in a bush close to the water; but Jackal soon became aware of his presence there, and guessed its cause. Knowing the fondness of baboons for honey, Jackal at once hit upon a plan, and marching to and fro, every now and then dipped his fingers into his clay pot, and licked them with an expression of intense relish, saying, in a low voice to himself, “I don’t want any of their dirty water when I have a pot full of delicious honey.” This was too much for poor Baboon, whose mouth began to water. He soon began to beg Jackal to give him a little honey, as he had been watching for several hours, and was very hungry and tired.

After taking no notice of Baboon at first, Jackal looked round, and said, in a patronizing manner, that he pitied such an unfortunate creature, and would give him some honey on certain conditions, viz., that Baboon should give up his knobkirrie and allow himself to be bound by Jackal. He foolishly agreed; and was soon tied in such a manner that he could not move hand or foot.

Jackal now proceeded to drink of the water, to fill his pot, and to swim in the sight of Baboon, from time to time telling him what a foolish fellow he had been to be so easily duped, and that he (Jackal) had no honey or anything else to give him, excepting a good blow on the head every now and then with his own knobkirrie.

The animals soon appeared and found poor Baboon in this sorry plight, looking the picture of misery. Lion was so exasperated that he caused Baboon to be severely punished, and to be denounced as a fool.

Tortoise hereupon stepped forward, and offered his services for the capture of Jackal. It was at first thought that he was merely joking; but when he explained in what manner he proposed to catch him, his plan was considered so feasible that his offer was accepted. He proposed that a thick coating of “bijenwerk” (a kind of sticky black substance found on beehives) should be spread all over him, and that he should then go and stand at the entrance of the dam, on the water level, so that Jackal might tread upon him and stick fast. This was accordingly done and Tortoise posted there.

The next day, when Jackal came, he approached the water very cautiously, and wondered to find no one there. He then ventured to the entrance of the water, and remarked how kind they had been in placing there a large black stepping-stone for him. As soon, however, as he trod upon the supposed stone, he stuck fast, and saw that he had been tricked; for Tortoise now put his head out and began to move. Jackal’s hind feet being still free he threatened to smash Tortoise with them if he did not let him go. Tortoise merely answered, “Do as you like.” Jackal thereupon made a violent jump, and found, with horror, that his hind feet were now also fast. “Tortoise,” said he, “I have still my mouth and teeth left, and will eat you alive if you do not let me go.” “Do as you like,” Tortoise again replied. Jackal, in his endeavors to free himself, at last made a desperate bite at Tortoise, and found himself fixed, both head and feet. Tortoise, feeling proud of his successful capture, now marched quietly up to the top of the bank with Jackal on his back, so that he could easily be seen by the animals as they came to the water.

They were indeed astonished to find how cleverly the crafty Jackal had been caught; and Tortoise was much praised, while the unhappy Baboon was again reminded of his misconduct when set to guard the water.

Jackal was at once condemned to death by Lion; and Hyena was to execute the sentence. Jackal pleaded hard for mercy, but finding this useless, he made a last request to Lion (always, as he said, so fair and just in his dealings) that he should not have to suffer a lingering death.

Lion inquired of him in what manner he wished to die; and he asked that his tail might be shaved and rubbed with a little fat, and that Hyena might then swing him round twice and dash his brains out upon a stone. This, being considered sufficiently fair by Lion, was ordered by him to be carried out in his presence.

When Jackal’s tail had been shaved and greased, Hyena caught hold of him with great force, and before he had fairly lifted him from the ground, the cunning Jackal had slipped away from Hyena’s grasp, and was running for his life, pursued by all the animals. Lion was the foremost pursuer, and after a great chase Jackal got under an overhanging precipice, and, standing on his hind legs with his shoulders pressed against the rock, called loudly to Lion to help him, as the rock was falling, and would crush them both. Lion put his shoulders to the rock, and exerted himself to the utmost. After some little time Jackal proposed that he should creep slowly out, and fetch a large pole to prop up the rock, so that Lion could get out and save his life. Jackal did creep out, and left Lion there to starve and die.

Crocodile’s Treason

In a drought-stricken land, Crocodile led the water creatures in a perilous trek to a safer river, negotiating a peace treaty with Lion to ensure safe passage past human threats. Despite Lion’s support and Jackal’s skepticism, Crocodile betrayed the alliance, luring the animals into an ambush by humans. Although many escaped, Crocodile’s treachery eventually earned him a harsh and fitting end.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the virtuous intentions of Lion and his allies with Crocodile’s deceitful betrayal, highlighting the classic struggle between benevolence and malevolence.

Cunning and Deception: Crocodile’s treacherous plan to betray the alliance by luring the animals into an ambush by humans showcases the use of deceit to achieve selfish goals.

Conflict with Authority: Crocodile’s actions challenge the established leadership and agreements among the animal kingdom, representing a rebellion against the collective authority.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

Crocodile was, in the days when animals still could talk, the acknowledged foreman of all water creatures and if one should judge from appearances one would say that he still is. But in those days it was his especial duty to have a general care of all water animals, and when one year it was exceedingly dry, and the water of the river where they had lived dried up and became scarce, he was forced to make a plan to trek over to another river a short distance from there.

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He first sent Otter out to spy. He stayed away two days and brought back a report that there was still good water in the other river, real sea-cow holes, that not even a drought of several years could dry up.

After he had ascertained this, Crocodile called to his side Tortoise and Alligator.

“Look here,” said he, “I need you two to-night to carry a report to Lion. So then get ready; the veldt is dry, and you will probably have to travel for a few days without any water. We must make peace with Lion and his subjects, otherwise we utterly perish this year. And he must help us to trek over to the other river, especially past the Boer’s farm that lies in between, and to travel unmolested by any of the animals of the veldt, so long as the trek lasts. A fish on land is sometimes a very helpless thing, as you all know.” The two had it mighty hard in the burning sun, and on the dry veldt, but eventually they reached Lion and handed him the treaty.

“What is going on now?” thought Lion to himself, when he had read it. “I must consult Jackal first,” said he. But to the commissioners he gave back an answer that he would be the following evening with his advisers at the appointed place, at the big vaarland willow tree, at the farther end of the hole of water, where Crocodile had his headquarters.

When Tortoise and Alligator came back, Crocodile was exceedingly pleased with himself at the turn the case had taken.

He allowed Otter and a few others to be present and ordered them on that evening to have ready plenty of fish and other eatables for their guests under the vaarland willow.

That evening as it grew dark Lion appeared with Wolf, Jackal, Baboon, and a few other important animals, at the appointed place, and they were received in the most open-hearted manner by Crocodile and the other water creatures.

Crocodile was so glad at the meeting of the animals that he now and then let fall a great tear of joy that disappeared into the sand. After the other animals had done well by the fish, Crocodile laid bare to them the condition of affairs and opened up his plan. He wanted only peace among all animals; for they not only destroyed one another, but the Boer, too, would in time destroy them all.

The Boer had already stationed at the source of the river no less than three steam pumps to irrigate his land, and the water was becoming scarcer every day. More than this, he took advantage of their unfortunate position by making them sit in the shallow water and then, one after the other, bringing about their death. As Lion was, on this account, inclined to make peace, it was to his glory to take this opportunity and give his hand to these peace-making water creatures, and carry out their part of the contract, namely, escort them from the dried-up water, past the Boer’s farm and to the long sea-cow pools.

“And what benefit shall we receive from it?” asked Jackal.

“Well,” answered Crocodile, “the peace made is of great benefit to both sides. We will not exterminate each other. If you desire to come and drink water, you can do so with an easy mind, and not be the least bit nervous that I, or any one of us will seize you by the nose; and so also with all the other animals. And from your side we are to be freed from Elephant, who has the habit, whenever he gets the opportunity, of tossing us with his trunk up into some open and narrow fork of a tree and there allowing us to become biltong.”

Lion and Jackal stepped aside to consult with one another, and then Lion wanted to know what form of security he would have that Crocodile would keep to his part of the contract.

“I stake my word of honor,” was the prompt answer from Crocodile, and he let drop a few more long tears of honesty into the sand.

Baboon then said it was all square and honest as far as he could see into the case. He thought it was nonsense to attempt to dig pitfalls for one another; because he personally was well aware that his race would benefit somewhat from this contract of peace and friendship. And more than this, they must consider that use must be made of the fast disappearing water, for even in the best of times it was an unpleasant thing to be always carrying your life about in your hands. He would, however, like to suggest to the King that it would be well to have everything put down in writing, so that there would be nothing to regret in case it was needed.

Jackal did not want to listen to the agreement. He could not see that it would benefit the animals of the veldt. But Wolf, who had fully satisfied himself with the fish, was in an exceptionally peace-loving mood, and he advised Lion again to close the agreement.

After Lion had listened to all his advisers, and also the pleading tones of Crocodile’s followers, he held forth in a speech in which he said that he was inclined to enter into the agreement, seeing that it was clear that Crocodile and his subjects were in a very tight place.

There and then a document was drawn up, and it was resolved, before midnight, to begin the trek. Crocodile’s messengers swam in all directions to summon together the water animals for the trek.

Frogs croaked and crickets chirped in the long water grass. It was not long before all the animals had assembled at the vaarland willow. In the meantime Lion had sent out a few despatch riders to his subjects to raise a commando for an escort, and long ere midnight these also were at the vaarland willow in the moonlight.

The trek then was regulated by Lion and Jackal. Jackal was to take the lead to act as spy, and when he was able to draw Lion to one side, he said to him:

“See here, I do not trust this affair one bit, and I want to tell you straight out, I am going to make tracks! I will spy for you until you reach the sea-cow pool, but I am not going to be the one to await your arrival there.”

Elephant had to act as advance guard because he could walk so softly and could hear and smell so well. Then came Lion with one division of the animals, then Crocodile’s trek with a flank protection of both sides, and Wolf received orders to bring up the rear.

Meanwhile, while all this was being arranged, Crocodile was smoothly preparing his treason. He called Yellow Snake to one side and said to him: “It is to our advantage to have these animals, who go among us every day, and who will continue to do so, fall into the hands of the Boer. Listen, now! You remain behind unnoticed, and when you hear me shout you will know that we have arrived safely at the sea-cow pool. Then you must harass the Boer’s dogs as much as you can, and the rest will look out for themselves.”

Thereupon the trek moved on. It was necessary to go very slowly as many of the water animals were not accustomed to the journey on land; but they trekked past the Boer’s farm in safety, and toward break of day they were all safely at the sea-cow pool. There most of the water animals disappeared suddenly into the deep water, and Crocodile also began to make preparations to follow their example. With tearful eyes he said to Lion that he was, oh, so thankful for the help, that, from pure relief and joy, he must first give vent to his feelings by a few screams. Thereupon he suited his words to actions so that even the mountains echoed, and then thanked Lion on behalf of his subjects, and purposely continued with a long speech, dwelling on all the benefits both sides would derive from the agreement of peace.

Lion was just about to say good day and take his departure, when the first shot fell, and with it Elephant and a few other animals.

“I told you all so!” shouted Jackal from the other side of the sea-cow pool. “Why did you allow yourselves to be misled by a few Crocodile tears?”

Crocodile had disappeared long ago into the water. All one saw was just a lot of bubbles; and on the banks there was an actual war against the animals. It simply crackled the way the Boers shot them.

But most of them, fortunately, came out of it alive.

Shortly after, they say, Crocodile received his well-earned reward, when he met a driver with a load of dynamite. And even now when the Elephant gets the chance he pitches them up into the highest forks of the trees.

The Lioness and the Ostrich

A lioness and an ostrich, acknowledging their equal strength, agreed to hunt together. The ostrich excelled in the hunt, killing more prey, which created tension. While resting, the lioness’s cubs noticed the ostrich lacked teeth and mocked his claim of equality. Provoked, the lioness challenged the ostrich to a fight. Using clever tactics, the ostrich defeated and killed the lioness, showcasing his unexpected strength.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The ostrich uses clever tactics to defeat the lioness, showcasing wit over brute strength.

Conflict with Authority: The ostrich challenges the lioness’s dominance, leading to a confrontation that questions established hierarchies.

Tragic Flaw: The lioness’s overconfidence and underestimation of the ostrich lead to her downfall.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

It is said, once a lioness roared, and the ostrich also roared. The lioness went toward the place where the ostrich was. They met. The lioness said to the ostrich, “Please to roar.” The ostrich roared. Then the lioness roared. The voices were equal. The lioness said to the ostrich, “You are my match.”

Then the lioness said to the ostrich, “Let us hunt game together.” They saw eland and made toward it. The lioness caught only one; the ostrich killed a great many by striking them with the claw which was on his leg; but the lioness killed only one.

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When they had met after the hunting they went to the game, and the lioness saw that the ostrich had killed a great deal.

Now, the lioness also had young cubs. They went to the shade to rest themselves. The lioness said to the ostrich, “Get up and rip open; let us eat.” Said the ostrich, “Go and rip open; I shall eat the blood.” The lioness stood up and ripped open, and ate with the cubs. And when she had eaten, the ostrich got up and ate the blood. They went to sleep.

The cubs played about. While they were playing, they went to the ostrich, who was asleep. When he went to sleep he also opened his mouth. The young lions saw that the ostrich had no teeth. They went to their mother and said, “This fellow, who says he is your equal, has no teeth; he is insulting you.” Then the lioness went to wake the ostrich, and said, “Get up, let us fight”; and they fought. And the ostrich said, “Go to that side of the ant-hill, and I will go to this side of it.” The ostrich struck the ant-hill, and sent it toward the lioness. But the second time he struck the lioness in a vulnerable spot, near the liver, and killed her.

Lion and Jackal

A Lion and a cunning Jackal agreed to hunt together, with the Jackal’s family tasked to prepare the meat. The Jackal deceived the Lion, starving his family while feeding his own lavishly. When confronted, the Jackal tricked the Lion multiple times, ultimately killing him with a hot stone disguised as food. The Jackal celebrated his cleverness while the Lion met his tragic end.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative centers on the Jackal’s deceptive strategies to outwit the Lion, highlighting the use of intelligence over brute strength.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal challenges the Lion’s dominance, undermining his authority through subversive actions.

Revenge and Justice: The Lion seeks retribution upon discovering the Jackal’s betrayal, aiming to restore justice for his starving family.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

The Lion and the Jackal agreed to hunt on shares, for the purpose of laying in a stock of meat for the winter months for their families.

As the Lion was by far the more expert hunter of the two, the Jackal suggested that he (himself) should be employed in transporting the game to their dens, and that Mrs. Jackal and the little Jackals should prepare and dry the meat, adding that they would take care that Mrs. Lion and her family should not want.

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This was agreed to by the Lion, and the hunt commenced.

After a very successful hunt, which lasted for some time, the Lion returned to see his family, and also to enjoy, as he thought, a plentiful supply of his spoil; when, to his utter surprise, he found Mrs. Lion and all the young Lions on the point of death from sheer hunger, and in a mangy state. The Jackal, it appeared, had only given them a few entrails of the game, and in such limited quantities as barely to keep them alive; always telling them that they (i. e., the Lion and himself) had been most unsuccessful in their hunting; while his own family was reveling in abundance, and each member of it was sleek and fat.

This was too much for the Lion to bear. He immediately started off in a terrible fury, vowing certain death to the Jackal and all his family, wherever he should meet them. The Jackal was more or less prepared for a storm, and had taken the precaution to remove all his belongings to the top of a krantz (i. e., a cliff), accessible only by a most difficult and circuitous path, which he alone knew.

When the Lion saw him on the krantz, the Jackal immediately greeted him by calling out, “Good morning, Uncle Lion.”

“How dare you call me uncle, you impudent scoundrel,” roared out the Lion, in a voice of thunder, “after the way in which you have behaved to my family?”

“Oh, Uncle! How shall I explain matters? That beast of a wife of mine!” Whack, whack was heard, as he beat with a stick on dry hide, which was a mere pretence for Mrs. Jackal’s back; while that lady was preinstructed to scream whenever he operated on the hide, which she did with a vengeance, joined by the little Jackals, who set up a most doleful chorus. “That wretch!” said the Jackal. “It is all her doing. I shall kill her straight off,” and away he again belabored the hide, while his wife and children uttered such a dismal howl that the Lion begged of him to leave off flogging his wife. After cooling down a little, he invited Uncle Lion to come up and have something to eat. The Lion, after several ineffectual attempts to scale the precipice, had to give it up.

The Jackal, always ready for emergencies, suggested that a reim should be lowered to haul up his uncle. This was agreed to, and when the Lion was drawn about halfway up by the whole family of Jackals, the reim was cleverly cut, and down went the Lion with a tremendous crash which hurt him very much. Upon this, the Jackal again performed upon the hide with tremendous force, for their daring to give him such a rotten reim, and Mrs. Jackal and the little ones responded with some fearful screams and yells. He then called loudly out to his wife for a strong buffalo reim which would support any weight. This again was lowered and fastened to the Lion, when all hands pulled away at their uncle; and, just when he had reached so far that he could look over the precipice into the pots to see all the fat meat cooking, and all the biltongs hanging out to dry, the reim was again cut, and the poor Lion fell with such force that he was fairly stunned for some time. After the Lion had recovered his senses, the Jackal, in a most sympathizing tone, suggested that he was afraid that it was of no use to attempt to haul him up onto the precipice, and recommended, instead, that a nice fat piece of eland’s breast be roasted and dropped into the Lion’s mouth. The Lion, half famished with hunger, and much bruised, readily accepted the offer, and sat eagerly awaiting the fat morsel. In the mean time, the Jackal had a round stone made red-hot, and wrapped a quantity of inside fat, or suet, round it, to make it appear like a ball of fat. When the Lion saw it held out, he opened his capacious mouth to the utmost extent, and the wily Jackal cleverly dropped the hot ball right into it, which ran through the poor old beast, killing him on the spot.

It need hardly be told that there was great rejoicing on the precipice that night.

The Lion and Jackal

Lion caught a large eland and asked Jackal to guard it while he drank water. Jackal deceived Lion by sabotaging his return climb, repeatedly using weak ropes to cause Lion to fall. Despite Lion’s demands for help, Jackal pretended to blame his wife and continued tricking him. Eventually, Lion was fatally injured, and Jackal and his wife escaped after feasting on the eland.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Jackal employs clever tricks to deceive the Lion repeatedly, showcasing his cunning nature.

Tragic Flaw: The Lion’s naivety and overconfidence serve as his tragic flaws, leading to his downfall.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal challenges the Lion’s dominance, undermining his authority through trickery.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

Lion had now caught a large eland which lay dead on the top of a high bank. Lion was thirsty and wanted to go and drink water. “Jackal, look after my eland, I am going to get a drink. Don’t you eat any.” – “Very well, Uncle Lion.”

Lion went to the river and Jackal quietly removed a stone on which Lion had to step to reach the bank on his return. After that Jackal and his wife ate heartily of the eland. Lion returned, but could not scale the bank. “Jackal, help me,” he shouted.

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“Yes, Uncle Lion, I will let down a rope and then you can climb up.”

Jackal whispered to his wife, “Give me one of the old, thin hide ropes.” And then aloud he added, “Wife, give me one of the strong, buffalo ropes, so Uncle Lion won’t fall.”

His wife gave him an old rotten rope. Jackal and his wife first ate ravenously of the meat, then gradually let the rope down. Lion seized it and struggled up. When he neared the brink Jackal gave the rope a jerk. It broke and down Lion began to roll–rolled the whole way down, and finally lay at the foot near the river.

Jackal began to beat a dry hide that lay there as he howled, cried, and shouted: “Wife, why did you give me such a bad rope that caused Uncle Lion to fall?”

Lion heard the row and roared, “Jackal, stop beating your wife. I will hurt you if you don’t cease. Help me to climb up.”

“Uncle Lion, I will give you a rope.” Whispering again to his wife, “Give me one of the old, thin hide ropes,” and shouting aloud again, “Give me a strong, buffalo rope, wife, that will not break again with Lion.”

Jackal gave out the rope, and when Lion had nearly reached the top, he cut the rope through. Snap! and Lion began to roll to the bottom. Jackal again beat on the hide and shouted, “Wife, why did you give me such a rotten rope? Didn’t I tell you to give me a strong one?” Lion roared, “Jackal, stop beating your wife at once. Help me instantly or you will be sorry.”

“Wife,” Jackal said aloud, “give me now the strongest rope you have,” and aside to her, “Give me the worst rope of the lot.”

Jackal again let down a rope, but just as Lion reached the top, Jackal gave a strong tug and broke the rope. Poor old Lion rolled down the side of the hill and lay there roaring from pain. He had been fatally hurt.

Jackal inquired, “Uncle Lion, have you hurt yourself? Have you much pain? Wait a while, I am coming directly to help you.” Jackal and his wife slowly walked away.

The World’s Reward

An old dog, abandoned by his master, resolves to journey to the “land of the aged,” joined by a bull, ram, donkey, cat, goose, and cock. They find a house occupied by robbers, frighten them away, and feast on the food. When a robber returns, the animals cleverly fend him off, leaving him terrified and ensuring their peaceful stay.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The animals devise a clever plan to scare away the robbers by stacking themselves and creating a cacophony of noises, effectively deceiving the robbers into fleeing.

Community and Isolation: Each animal, having been abandoned or neglected, comes together to form a supportive group, highlighting the importance of companionship and unity in overcoming adversity.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the virtuous, cooperative animals against the malevolent robbers, emphasizing the triumph of good over evil.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

Once there was a man that had an old dog, so old that the man desired to put him aside. The dog had served him very faithfully when he was still young, but ingratitude is the world’s reward, and the man now wanted to dispose of him. The old dumb creature, however, ferreted out the plan of his master, and so at once resolved to go away of his own accord.

After he had walked quite a way he met an old bull in the veldt.

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“Don’t you want to go with me?” asked the dog.

“Where?” was the reply.

“To the land of the aged,” said the dog, “where troubles don’t disturb you and thanklessness does not deface the deeds of man.”

“Good,” said the bull, “I am your companion.”

The two now walked on and found a ram.

The dog laid the plan before him, and all moved off together, until they afterwards came successively upon a donkey, a cat, a cock, and a goose.

These joined their company, and the seven set out on their journey.

Late one night they came to a house and through the open door they saw a table spread with all kinds of nice food, of which some robbers were having their fill. It would help nothing to ask for admittance, and seeing that they were hungry, they must think of something else.

Therefore the donkey climbed up on the bull, the ram on the donkey, the dog on the ram, the cat on the dog, the goose on the cat, and the cock on the goose, and with one accord they all let out terrible (threatening) noises (cryings).

The bull began to bellow, the donkey to bray, the dog to bark, the ram to bleat, the cat to mew, the goose to giggle gaggle, and the cock to crow, all without cessation.

The people in the house were frightened perfectly limp; they glanced out through the front door, and there they stared on the strange sight. Some of them took to the ropes over the back lower door, some disappeared through the window, and in a few counts the house was empty.

Then the seven old animals climbed down from one another, stepped into the house, and satisfied themselves with the delicious food.

But when they had finished, there still remained a great deal of food, too much to take with them on their remaining journey, and so together they contrived a plan to hold their position until the next day after breakfast.

The dog said, “See here, I am accustomed to watch at the front door of my master’s house,” and thereupon flopped himself down to sleep; the bull said, “I go behind the door,” and there he took his position; the ram said, “I will go up on to the loft”; the donkey, “I at the middle door”; the cat, “I in the fireplace”; the goose, “I in the back door”; and the cock said, “I am going to sleep on the bed.”

The captain of the robbers after a while sent one of his men back to see if these creatures had yet left the house.

The man came very cautiously into the neighborhood, listened and listened, but he heard nothing; he peeped through the window, and saw in the grate just two coals still glimmering, and thereupon started to walk through the front door.

There the old dog seized him by the leg. He jumped into the house, but the bull was ready, swept him up with his horns, and tossed him on to the loft. Here the ram received him and pushed him off the loft again. Reaching ground, he made for the middle door, but the donkey set up a terrible braying and at the same time gave him a kick that landed him in the fireplace, where the cat flew at him and scratched him nearly to pieces. He then jumped out through the back door, and here the goose got him by the trousers. When he was some distance away the cock crowed. He thereupon ran so that you could hear the stones rattle in the dark.

Purple and crimson and out of breath, he came back to his companions.

“Frightful, frightful!” was all that they could get from him at first, but after a while he told them.

“When I looked through the window I saw in the fireplace two bright coals shining, and when I wanted to go through the front door to go and look, I stepped into an iron trap. I jumped into the house, and there some one seized me with a fork and pitched me up on to the loft, there again some one was ready, and threw me down on all fours. I wanted to fly through the middle door, but there some one blew on a trumpet, and smote me with a sledge hammer so that I did not know where I landed; but coming to very quickly, I found I was in the fireplace, and there another flew at me and scratched the eyes almost out of my head. I thereupon fled out of the back door, and lastly I was attacked on the leg by the sixth with a pair of fire tongs, and when I was still running away, some one shouted out of the house, ‘Stop him, stop h–i–m!'”

The Lion, the Jackal, and the Man

Lion, boasting of his strength, is led by Jackal to encounter true power. After dismissing a boy and an old man, they meet a young hunter with dogs. Lion fights bravely but is overwhelmed by the hunter’s dogs, bullets, and knife. Defeated and humbled, Lion concedes his title of strongest, realizing the hunter’s unmatched strength. Jackal’s cunning proves the lesson of perspective and humility.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the lion’s pride and aggression with the hunter’s bravery and skill, highlighting the struggle between opposing forces.

Cunning and Deception: The jackal uses his wit to orchestrate the encounter between the lion and the hunter, demonstrating cleverness in achieving his goal.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on humility, showing that even the mighty can be humbled and that true strength lies in recognizing one’s limitations.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

It so happened one day that Lion and Jackal came together to converse on affairs of land and state. Jackal, let me say, was the most important adviser to the king of the forest, and after they had spoken about these matters for quite a while, the conversation took a more personal turn. Lion began to boast and talk big about his strength. Jackal had, perhaps, given him cause for it, because by nature he was a flatterer. But now that Lion began to assume so many airs, said he, “See here, Lion, I will show you an animal that is still more powerful than you are.”

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They walked along, Jackal leading the way, and met first a little boy.

“Is this the strong man?” asked Lion.

“No,” answered Jackal, “he must still become a man, O king.”

After a while they found an old man walking with bowed head and supporting his bent figure with a stick.

“Is this the wonderful strong man?” asked Lion.

“Not yet, O king,” was Jackal’s answer, “he has been a man.”

Continuing their walk a short distance farther, they came across a young hunter, in the prime of youth, and accompanied by some of his dogs.

“There you have him now, O king,” said Jackal. “Pit your strength against his, and if you win, then truly you are the strength of the earth.”

Then Jackal made tracks to one side toward a little rocky kopje from which he would be able to see the meeting.

Growling, growling, Lion strode forward to meet the man, but when he came close the dogs beset him. He, however, paid but little attention to the dogs, pushed and separated them on all sides with a few sweeps of his front paws. They howled aloud, beating a hasty retreat toward the man.

Thereupon the man fired a charge of shot, hitting him behind the shoulder, but even to this Lion paid but little attention. Thereupon the hunter pulled out his steel knife, and gave him a few good jabs. Lion retreated, followed by the flying bullets of the hunter.

“Well, are you strongest now?” was Jackal’s first question when Lion arrived at his side.

“No, Jackal,” answered Lion, “let that fellow there keep the name and welcome. Such as he I have never before seen. In the first place he had about ten of his bodyguard storm me. I really did not bother myself much about them, but when I attempted to turn him to chaff, he spat and blew fire at me, mostly into my face, that burned just a little but not very badly. And when I again endeavored to pull him to the ground he jerked out from his body one of his ribs with which he gave me some very ugly wounds, so bad that I had to make chips fly, and as a parting he sent some warm bullets after me. No, Jackal, give him the name.”

A Jackal and a Wolf

Jackal and Wolf became servants to a man. Jackal ate the man’s fat at night but smeared some on Wolf’s tail to frame him. In the morning, the man accused Jackal, but Jackal blamed Wolf, pointing to the fat on his tail. The man believed Jackal and severely beat Wolf, leaving him nearly dead.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Jackal deceitfully frames the Wolf by smearing fat on his tail, leading the man to believe the Wolf is guilty of eating the fat.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the Jackal’s malicious actions with the Wolf’s innocence, highlighting the struggle between deceit and honesty.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of dishonesty and the importance of integrity.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

Jackal and Wolf went and hired themselves to a man to be his servants. In the middle of the night Jackal rose and smeared Wolf’s tail with some fat, and then ate all the rest of it in the house. In the morning the man missed the fat, and he immediately accused Jackal of having eaten it.

“Look at Wolf’s tail,” said the rogue, “and you will see who is the thief.” The man did so, and then thrashed Wolf till he was nearly dead.

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The Jackal and the Wolf

Jackal tricks a wagon driver into loading him with fish by pretending to be dead, then secretly throws the fish onto the road to collect later. When greedy Wolf eats too much, Jackal deceives him into imitating the trick. Wolf lies in the road but is beaten by the driver, leaving him injured and lamenting his rough appearance compared to Jackal’s cleverness.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910

► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative centers on the Jackal’s deceptive tactics to obtain fish and manipulate the Wolf into a perilous situation.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on the consequences of greed and the perils of blindly imitating others without understanding the underlying intentions.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal’s actions challenge the authority of the wagon driver, subverting the expected order through trickery.

► From the same Region or People

South Africa
- Bushmen Lore

Learn more about the Bushmen

Once on a time Jackal, who lived on the borders of the colony, saw a wagon returning from the seaside laden with fish; he tried to get into the wagon from behind, but he could not; he then ran on before and lay in the road as if dead. The wagon came up to him, and the leader cried to the driver, “Here is a fine kaross for your wife!”

“Throw it into the wagon,” said the driver, and Jackal was thrown in.

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The wagon traveled on, through a moonlight night, and all the while Jackal was throwing out the fish into the road; he then jumped out himself and secured a great prize. But stupid old Wolf (hyena), coming by, ate more than his share, for which Jackal owed him a grudge, and he said to him, “You can get plenty of fish, too, if you lie in the way of a wagon as I did, and keep quite still whatever happens.”

“So!” mumbled Wolf.

Accordingly, when the next wagon came from the sea, Wolf stretched himself out in the road. “What ugly thing is this?” cried the leader, and kicked Wolf. He then took a stick and thrashed him within an inch of his life. Wolf, according to the directions of Jackal, lay quiet as long as he could; he then got up and hobbled off to tell his misfortune to Jackal, who pretended to comfort him.

“What a pity,” said Wolf, “I have not got such a handsome skin as you have!”