Cloud Eating

Jackal and Hyena discovered a cloud they could eat like fat. Jackal descended safely with Hyena’s help but betrayed her when it was her turn. Pretending to be injured, he moved aside, causing Hyena to fall and injure herself. The story explains why, according to legend, Hyena’s hind legs are shorter than her front ones.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, using cunning to deceive the Hyena.

Origin of Things: The tale explains the physical characteristic of the Hyena’s shorter hind legs as a result of the Jackal’s trickery.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts a lesson on the consequences of betrayal and the importance of trust.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Jackal and Hyena were together, it is said, when a white cloud rose. Jackal descended upon it, and ate of the cloud as if it were fat. When he wanted to come down, he said to Hyena, “My sister, as I am going to divide with thee, catch me well.” So she caught him, and broke his fall. Then she also went up and ate there, high up on the top of the cloud.

When she was satisfied, she said, “My greyish brother, now catch me well.” The greyish rogue said to his friend, “My sister, I shall catch thee well. Come therefore down.”

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He held up his hands, and she came down from the cloud, and when she was near, Jackal cried out (painfully jumping to one side), “My sister, do not take it ill. Oh me! Oh me! A thorn has pricked me and sticks in me.” Thus she fell down from above, and was sadly hurt.

Since that day, it is said that Hyena’s hind feet have been shorter and smaller than the front ones.


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The White Man and Snake

A White Man saves a trapped Snake under a stone, but Snake tries to bite him in return. Seeking justice, they consult Hyena, who sides with Snake, and Jackal, who demands proof. Recreating the scene, Jackal ensures Snake is re-trapped under the stone, advising the White Man not to help again, teaching a lesson about gratitude and consequences.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts a lesson about the consequences of helping others without discernment, highlighting the potential ingratitude and danger that may follow.

Trickster: The Jackal serves as the trickster figure, using intelligence and cunning to achieve a favorable outcome.

Conflict with Nature: The story depicts a direct conflict between man and a natural creature, emphasizing the unpredictable and sometimes perilous interactions between humans and animals.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


A white man, it is said, met Snake upon whom a large stone had fallen and covered her so that she could not rise. The White Man lifted the stone off Snake, but when he had done so, she wanted to bite him. The White Man said, “Stop! let us both go first to some wise people.” They went to Hyena, and the White Man asked him, “Is it right that Snake should want to bite me, when I helped her as she lay under a stone and could not rise?” Hyena (who thought he would get his share of the White Man’s body) said, “If you were bitten what would it matter?”

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Then Snake wanted to bite him, but the White Man said again, “Wait a little, and let us go to other wise people, that I may hear whether this is right.”

They went and met Jackal. The White Man said to Jackal, “Is it right for Snake to want to bite me, when I lifted up the stone which lay upon her?”

Jackal replied, “I do not believe that Snake could be covered by a stone so she could not rise. Unless I saw it with my two eyes, I would not believe it. Therefore, come let us go and see the place where you say it happened whether it can be true.”

They went, and arrived at the place where it had happened. Jackal said, “Snake, lie down, and let thyself be covered.”

Snake did so, and the White Man covered her with the stone; but although she exerted herself very much, she could not rise. Then the White Man wanted again to release Snake, but Jackal interfered, and said, “Do not lift the stone. She wanted to bite you, therefore she may rise by herself.”

Then they both went away and left Snake under the stone.

Another version

A Dutchman was walking by himself and saw Snake lying under a large stone. Snake implored his help; but when she had become free she said, “Now I shall eat you.”

The Man answered, “That is not right. Let us first go to Hare.”

When Hare had heard the affair, he said, “It is right.”

“No,” said the Man, “let us ask Hyena.”

Hyena declared the same, saying, “It is right.”

“Now let us ask Jackal,” said the Man in his despair.

Jackal answered very slowly and considerately, doubting the whole affair, and demanding to see first the place, and whether the Man was able to lift the stone. Snake lay down, and the Man, to prove the truth of his account, put the stone again over her.

When she was fast, Jackal said, “Now let her lie there.”


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The Story of Hare

In a tale of wit and consequence, animals appoint guards to protect communal fat from the cunning inkalimeva, a mythical creature. Each guard fails, tricked or overpowered, until the clever hare outsmarts and kills the inkalimeva. Despite his success, the hare’s greed for the creature’s tail leads to conflict with the other animals, forcing him to flee and embark on mischievous adventures.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative highlights the use of cleverness and deceit, both by the inkalimeva in deceiving the initial guards and by the hare in ultimately defeating it.

Moral Lessons: The story imparts lessons about vigilance, the consequences of greed, and the importance of communal responsibility.

Trials and Tribulations: The animals face a series of challenges in protecting their resources, culminating in the hare’s successful yet morally complex resolution.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Once upon a time the animals made a kraal and put some fat in it. They agreed that one of their number should remain to be the keeper of the gate. The first one that was appointed was the coney (imbila). He agreed to take charge, and all the others went away. In a short time the coney fell asleep, when the inkalimeva (a fabulous animal) went in and ate all the fat. After doing this, he threw a little stone at the coney. The coney started up and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

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It repeated this cry several times, calling out very loudly. The animals at a distance heard it, they ran to the kraal, and when they saw that the fat was gone they killed the coney.

They put fat in the kraal a second time, and appointed the muishond (ingaga) to keep the gate. The muishond consented, and the animals went away as before. After a little time the inkalimeva came to the kraal, bringing some honey with it. It invited the keeper of the gate to eat honey, and while the muishond was enjoying himself the inkalimeva went in and stole all the fat. It threw a stone at the muishond, which caused him to look up.

The muishond cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

As soon as the animals heard the cry, they ran to the kraal and killed the muishond.

They put fat in the kraal a third time, and appointed the duiker (impunzi) to be the keeper of the gate. The duiker agreed, and the others went away. In a short time the inkalimeva made its appearance. It proposed to the duiker that they should play hide and look for. The duiker agreed to this. Then the inkalimeva hid itself, and the duiker looked for it till he was so tired that he lay down and went to sleep. When the duiker was asleep, the inkalimeva ate up all the fat.

Then it threw a stone at the duiker, which caused him to jump up and cry out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

The animals, when they heard the cry, ran to the kraal and killed the duiker.

They put fat in the kraal the fourth time, and appointed the bluebuck (inputi) to be the keeper of the gate. When the animals went away, the inkalimeva came as before.

It said: “What are you doing by yourself?”

The bluebuck answered: “I am watching the fat belonging to all the animals.”

The inkalimeva said: “I will be your companion. Come, let us scratch each other’s heads.”

The bluebuck agreed to this. The inkalimeva sat down and scratched the head of the other till he went to sleep. Then it arose and ate all the fat. When it had finished, it threw a stone at the bluebuck and awakened him.

The bluebuck saw what had happened and cried out: “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

Then the animals ran up and killed the bluebuck also.

They put fat in the kraal the fifth time, and appointed the porcupine (incanda) to be the keeper of the gate. The animals went away, and the inkalimeva came as before.

It said to the porcupine, “Let us run a race against each other.”

It let the porcupine beat in this race.

Then it said, “I did not think you could run so fast, but let us try again.” They ran again, and it allowed the porcupine to beat the second time. They ran till the porcupine was so tired that he said, “Let us rest now.”

They sat down to rest, and the porcupine went to sleep. Then the inkalimeva rose up and ate all the fat. When it had finished eating, it threw a stone at the porcupine, which caused him to jump up.

He called out with a loud voice, “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

Then the animals came running up and put the porcupine to death.

They put fat in the kraal the sixth time, and selected the hare (umvundla) to be the keeper of the gate. At first the hare would not consent.

He said, “The coney is dead, and the muishond is dead, and the duiker is dead, and the bluebuck is dead, and the porcupine is dead, and you will kill me also.”

They promised him that they would not kill him, and after a good deal of persuasion he at last agreed to keep the gate. When the animals were gone he laid himself down, but he only pretended to be asleep.

In a short time the inkalimeva went in, and was just going to take the fat when the hare cried out: “Let the fat alone.”

The inkalimeva said, “Please let me have this little bit only.”

The hare answered, mocking, “Please let me have this little bit only.”

After that they became companions. The hare proposed that they should fasten each other’s tail, and the inkalimeva agreed. The inkalimeva fastened the tail of the hare first.

The hare said, “Don’t tie my tail so tight.”

Then the hare fastened the tail of the inkalimeva.

The inkalimeva said, “Don’t tie my tail so tight,” but the hare made no answer. After tying the tail of the inkalimeva very fast, the hare took his club and killed it. The hare took the tail of the inkalimeva and ate it, all except a little piece which he hid in the fence.

Then he called out, “The fat belonging to all the animals has been eaten by the inkalimeva.”

The animals came running back, and when they saw that the inkalimeva was dead they rejoiced greatly. They asked the hare for the tail, which should be kept for the chief.

The hare replied, “The one I killed had no tail.”

They said, “How can an inkalimeva be without a tail?”

They began to search, and at length they found a piece of the tail in the fence. They told the chief that the hare had eaten the tail.

He said, “Bring him to me!”

All the animals ran after the hare, but he fled, and they could not catch him. The hare ran into a hole, at the mouth of which the animals set a snare, and then went away. The hare remained in the hole for many days, but at length he managed to get out without being caught.

He went to a place where he found a bushbuck (imbabala) building a hut. There was a pot with meat in it on the fire.

He said to the bushbuck, “Can I take this little piece of meat?”

The bushbuck answered, “You must not do it.”

But he took the meat and ate it all. Afterwards he whistled in a particular manner, and there fell a storm of hail which killed the bushbuck. Then he took the skin of the bushbuck, and made for himself a mantle.

After this the hare went into the forest to procure some weapons to fight with. While he was cutting a stick the monkeys threw leaves upon him. He called to them to come down and beat him. They came down, but he killed them all with his weapons.


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The Story of a Dam

A severe drought led Lion to summon animals to create a water dam, excluding the lazy Jackal. Once the dam filled with rain, Jackal disrupted the water and outwitted Baboon, the guard. Tortoise devised a clever trap, capturing Jackal. Despite his death sentence, Jackal escaped through cunning trickery, leaving Lion trapped under a rock and the animals frustrated by his endless deceit.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Jackal employs trickery to exploit the dam’s resources without contributing to its creation, deceiving Baboon and the other animals.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about the consequences of laziness and deceit, as Jackal’s actions lead to discord among the animals.

Community and Isolation: The story contrasts the collective effort of the animals in building the dam with Jackal’s selfish behavior, emphasizing the value of communal cooperation.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


There was a great drought in the land; and Lion called together a number of animals so that they might devise a plan for retaining water when the rains fell. The animals which attended at Lion’s summons were Baboon, Leopard, Hyena, Jackal, Hare, and Mountain Tortoise. It was agreed that they should scratch a large hole in some suitable place to hold water; and the next day they all began to work, with the exception of Jackal, who continually hovered about in that locality, and was overheard to mutter that he was not going to scratch his nails off in making water holes.

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When the dam was finished the rains fell, and it was soon filled with water, to the great delight of those who had worked so hard at it. The first one, however, to come and drink there, was Jackal, who not only drank, but filled his clay pot with water, and then proceeded to swim in the rest of the water, making it as muddy and dirty as he could.

This was brought to the knowledge of Lion, who was very angry and ordered Baboon to guard the water the next day, armed with a huge knobkirrie. Baboon was concealed in a bush close to the water; but Jackal soon became aware of his presence there, and guessed its cause. Knowing the fondness of baboons for honey, Jackal at once hit upon a plan, and marching to and fro, every now and then dipped his fingers into his clay pot, and licked them with an expression of intense relish, saying, in a low voice to himself, “I don’t want any of their dirty water when I have a pot full of delicious honey.” This was too much for poor Baboon, whose mouth began to water. He soon began to beg Jackal to give him a little honey, as he had been watching for several hours, and was very hungry and tired.

After taking no notice of Baboon at first, Jackal looked round, and said, in a patronizing manner, that he pitied such an unfortunate creature, and would give him some honey on certain conditions, viz., that Baboon should give up his knobkirrie and allow himself to be bound by Jackal. He foolishly agreed; and was soon tied in such a manner that he could not move hand or foot.

Jackal now proceeded to drink of the water, to fill his pot, and to swim in the sight of Baboon, from time to time telling him what a foolish fellow he had been to be so easily duped, and that he (Jackal) had no honey or anything else to give him, excepting a good blow on the head every now and then with his own knobkirrie.

The animals soon appeared and found poor Baboon in this sorry plight, looking the picture of misery. Lion was so exasperated that he caused Baboon to be severely punished, and to be denounced as a fool.

Tortoise hereupon stepped forward, and offered his services for the capture of Jackal. It was at first thought that he was merely joking; but when he explained in what manner he proposed to catch him, his plan was considered so feasible that his offer was accepted. He proposed that a thick coating of “bijenwerk” (a kind of sticky black substance found on beehives) should be spread all over him, and that he should then go and stand at the entrance of the dam, on the water level, so that Jackal might tread upon him and stick fast. This was accordingly done and Tortoise posted there.

The next day, when Jackal came, he approached the water very cautiously, and wondered to find no one there. He then ventured to the entrance of the water, and remarked how kind they had been in placing there a large black stepping-stone for him. As soon, however, as he trod upon the supposed stone, he stuck fast, and saw that he had been tricked; for Tortoise now put his head out and began to move. Jackal’s hind feet being still free he threatened to smash Tortoise with them if he did not let him go. Tortoise merely answered, “Do as you like.” Jackal thereupon made a violent jump, and found, with horror, that his hind feet were now also fast. “Tortoise,” said he, “I have still my mouth and teeth left, and will eat you alive if you do not let me go.” “Do as you like,” Tortoise again replied. Jackal, in his endeavors to free himself, at last made a desperate bite at Tortoise, and found himself fixed, both head and feet. Tortoise, feeling proud of his successful capture, now marched quietly up to the top of the bank with Jackal on his back, so that he could easily be seen by the animals as they came to the water.

They were indeed astonished to find how cleverly the crafty Jackal had been caught; and Tortoise was much praised, while the unhappy Baboon was again reminded of his misconduct when set to guard the water.

Jackal was at once condemned to death by Lion; and Hyena was to execute the sentence. Jackal pleaded hard for mercy, but finding this useless, he made a last request to Lion (always, as he said, so fair and just in his dealings) that he should not have to suffer a lingering death.

Lion inquired of him in what manner he wished to die; and he asked that his tail might be shaved and rubbed with a little fat, and that Hyena might then swing him round twice and dash his brains out upon a stone. This, being considered sufficiently fair by Lion, was ordered by him to be carried out in his presence.

When Jackal’s tail had been shaved and greased, Hyena caught hold of him with great force, and before he had fairly lifted him from the ground, the cunning Jackal had slipped away from Hyena’s grasp, and was running for his life, pursued by all the animals. Lion was the foremost pursuer, and after a great chase Jackal got under an overhanging precipice, and, standing on his hind legs with his shoulders pressed against the rock, called loudly to Lion to help him, as the rock was falling, and would crush them both. Lion put his shoulders to the rock, and exerted himself to the utmost. After some little time Jackal proposed that he should creep slowly out, and fetch a large pole to prop up the rock, so that Lion could get out and save his life. Jackal did creep out, and left Lion there to starve and die.


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Tink-Tinkje

The birds sought a king but couldn’t agree on a choice. They decided the highest flyer would rule. Vulture flew far, but Tink-tinkje, hidden on his feathers, claimed victory. Angry birds pursued Tink-tinkje, who escaped when Owl, the guard, fell asleep. Frustrated, White-crow vowed silence, and since then, White-crows have remained mute, even under duress.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: Tink-Tinkje embodies the trickster archetype by cunningly hiding on Vulture’s feathers to win the contest.

Conflict with Authority: Tink-Tinkje’s actions challenge the established norms and authority among the birds, leading to discord.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about fairness, vigilance, and the consequences of deceit.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


The birds wanted a king. Men have a king, so have animals, and why shouldn’t they? All had assembled.

“The Ostrich, because he is the largest,” one called out.

“No, he can’t fly.”

“Eagle, on account of his strength.”

“Not he, he is too ugly.”

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“Vulture, because he can fly the highest.”

“No, Vulture is too dirty, his odor is terrible.”

“Peacock, he is so beautiful.”

“His feet are too ugly, and also his voice.”

“Owl, because he can see well.”

“Not Owl, he is ashamed of the light.”

And so they got no further. Then one shouted aloud, “He who can fly the highest will be king.” “Yes, yes,” they all screamed, and at a given signal they all ascended straight up into the sky.

Vulture flew for three whole days without stopping, straight toward the sun. Then he cried aloud, “I am the highest, I am king.”

“T-sie, t-sie, t-sie,” he heard above him. There Tink-tinkje was flying. He had held fast to one of the great wing feathers of Vulture, and had never been felt, he was so light. “T-sie, t-sie, t-sie, I am the highest, I am king,” piped Tink-tinkje.

Vulture flew for another day still ascending. “I am highest, I am king.”

“T-sie, t-sie, t-sie, I am the highest, I am king,” Tink-tinkje mocked. There he was again, having crept out from under the wing of Vulture.

Vulture flew on the fifth day straight up in the air. “I am the highest, I am king,” he called.

“T-sie, t-sie, t-sie,” piped the little fellow above him. “I am the highest, I am king.”

Vulture was tired and now flew direct to earth. The other birds were mad through and through. Tink-tinkje must die because he had taken advantage of Vulture’s feathers and there hidden himself. All flew after him and he had to take refuge in a mouse hole. But how were they to get him out? Some one must stand guard to seize him the moment he put out his head.

“Owl must keep guard; he has the largest eyes; he can see well,” they exclaimed.

Owl went and took up his position before the hole. The sun was warm and soon Owl became sleepy and presently he was fast asleep.

Tink-tinkje peeped, saw that Owl was asleep, and z-zip away he went. Shortly afterwards the other birds came to see if Tink-tinkje were still in the hole. “T-sie, t-sie,” they heard in a tree; and there the little vagabond was sitting. White-crow, perfectly disgusted, turned around and exclaimed, “Now I won’t say a single word more.” And from that day to this White-crow has never spoken. Even though you strike him, he makes no sound, he utters no cry.


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The Lion and the Jackal

Jackal, a cunning and deceptive character, gains a reputation as a “progressive man” through charm and pretense, despite his lack of real ability. He manipulates neighbors and cleverly turns a personal loss into a trend. Later, he convinces Tiger to entrust him with educating Tiger’s children, only to exploit the situation, ultimately deceiving Tiger and his family. Jackal’s schemes reveal his sly and opportunistic nature.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal employs his wit and deceit to manipulate others, such as convincing fellow jackals to cut off their tails and tricking the Tiger into entrusting him with his children.

Moral Lessons: The narrative imparts lessons about the consequences of deceit and the importance of discernment when trusting others.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal challenges societal norms and authority figures, such as the Lion’s proclamation, to serve his own interests.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Not because he was exactly the most capable or progressive fellow in the neighborhood, but because he always gave that idea–that is why Jackal slowly acquired among the neighbors the name of a “progressive man.” The truly well-bred people around him, who did not wish to hurt his feelings, seemed to apply this name to him, instead of, for instance, “cunning scamp,” or “all-wise rat-trap,” as so many others often dubbed him. He obtained this name of “a progressive man” because he spoke most of the time English, especially if he thought some of them were present who could not understand it, and also because he could always hold his body so much like a judge on public occasions.

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He had a smooth tongue, could make quite a favorable speech, and especially with good effect could he expatiate on the backwardness of others. Underneath he really was the most unlettered man in the vicinity, but he had perfect control over his inborn cunningness, which allowed him for a long time to go triumphantly through life as a man of great ability.

One time, for instance, he lost his tail in an iron trap. He had long attempted to reach the Boer’s goose pen, and had framed many good plans, but when he came to his senses, he was sitting in front of the goose pen with his tail in the iron trap, the dogs all the time coming for him. When he realized what it meant, he mustered together all his strength and pulled his tail, which he always thought so much of, clean off.

This would immediately have made him the butt of the whole neighborhood had he not thought of a plan. He called together a meeting of the jackals, and made them believe that Lion had issued a proclamation to the effect that all jackals in the future should be tailless, because their beautiful tails were a thorn in the eyes of more unfortunate animals.

In his smooth way he told them how he regretted that the king should have the barbaric right to interfere with his subjects. But so it was; and he thought the sooner he paid attention to it the safer. Therefore he had had his tail cut off already and he should advise all his friends to do the same. And so it happened that once all jackals for a long time were without tails. Later on they grew again.

It was about the same time that Tiger hired Jackal as a schoolmaster. Tiger was in those days the richest man in the surrounding country, and as he had had to suffer a great deal himself because he was so untutored, he wanted his children to have the best education that could be obtained.

It was shortly after a meeting, in which it was shown how important a thing an education was, that Tiger approached Jackal and asked him to come and teach his children.

Jackal was very ready to do this. It was not exactly his vocation, he said, but he would do it to pass time and just out of friendship for his neighbor. His and Tiger’s farm lands lay next each other.

That he did not make teaching his profession and that he possessed no degree was of no account in the eyes of Tiger.

“Do not praise my goodness so much, Cousin Jackal,” laughed he. “We know your worth well enough. Much rather would I intrust my offspring to you than to the many so-called schoolmasters, for it is especially my wish, as well as that of their mother, to have our children obtain a progressive education, and to make such men and women of them that with the same ability as you have they can take their lawful places in this world.”

“One condition,” said Jackal, “I must state. It will be very inconvenient for me, almost impossible, to come here to your farm and hold school. My own farm would in that case go to pieces, and that I cannot let happen. It would never pay me.”

Tiger answered that it was not exactly necessary either. In spite of their attachment to the little ones, they saw that it would probably be to their benefit to place them for a while in a stranger’s house.

Jackal then told of his own bringing up by Wolf. He remembered well how small he was when his father sent him away to study with Wolf. Naturally, since then, he had passed through many schools, Wolf was only his first teacher. And only in his later days did he realize how much good it had done him.

“A man must bend the sapling while it is still young,” said he. “There is no time that the child is so open to impressions as when he is plastic, about the age that most of your children are at present, and I was just thinking you would be doing a wise thing to send them away for quite a while.”

He had, fortunately, just then a room in his house that would be suited for a schoolroom, and his wife could easily make some arrangement for their lodging, even if they had to enlarge their dwelling somewhat.

It was then and there agreed upon. Tiger’s wife was then consulted about one thing and another, and the following day the children were to leave.

“I have just thought of one more thing,” remarked Jackal, “seven children, besides my little lot, will be quite a care on our hands, so you will have to send over each week a fat lamb, and in order not to disturb their progress, the children will have to relinquish the idea of a vacation spent with you for some time. When I think they have become used to the bit, I will inform you, and then you can come and take them to make you a short visit, but not until then.

“It is also better,” continued he, “that they do not see you for the first while, but your wife can come and see them every Saturday and I will see to all else.”

On the following day there was an unearthly howling and wailing when the children were to leave. But Tiger and their mother showed them that it was best and that some day they would see that it was all for their good, and that their parents were doing it out of kindness. Eventually they were gone.

The first Saturday dawned, and early that morning Mrs. Tiger was on her way to Jackal’s dwelling, because she could not defer the time any longer.

She was still a long way off when Jackal caught sight of her. He always observed neighborly customs, and so stepped out to meet her.

After they had greeted each other, Mrs. Tiger’s first question was: “Well, Cousin Jackal, how goes everything with the small team? Are they still all well and happy, and do they not trouble you, Cousin Jackal, too much?”

“Oh, my goodness, no, Mrs. Tiger,” answered Jackal enthusiastically, “but don’t let us talk so loud, because if they heard you, it certainly would cause them many heartfelt tears and they might also want to go back with you and then all our trouble would have been for nothing.”

“But I would like to see them, Cousin Jackal,” said Mrs. Tiger a little disturbed.

“Why certainly, Mrs. Tiger,” was his answer, “but I do not think it is wise for them to see you. I will lift them up to the window one by one, and then you can put your mind at rest concerning their health and progress.”

After Mr. and Mrs. Jackal and Mrs. Tiger had sat together for some time drinking coffee and talking over one thing and another, Jackal took Tiger’s wife to a door and told her to look through it, out upon the back yard. There he would show her the children one by one, while they would not be able to see her. Everything was done exactly as Jackal had said, but the sixth little tiger he picked up twice, because the firstborn he had the day before prepared in pickle for their Sunday meal.

And so it happened every Saturday until the last little tiger–which was the youngest–had to be lifted up seven times in succession.

And when Mrs. Tiger came again the following week all was still as death and everything seemed to have a deserted appearance on the estate. She walked straight to the front door, and there she found a letter in the poll grass near the door, which read thus:

 “We have gone for a picnic with the children. From there we will ride by Jackalsdance for New Year. This is necessary for the completion of their progressive education.” JACKAL.

Saturday after Saturday did Mrs. Tiger go and look, but every time Jackal’s house seemed to look more deserted; and after a while there was a spider’s web over the door and the trail of Snake showed that he, too, had taken up his abode there.


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The Lion, the Jackal, and the Man

Lion, boasting of his strength, is led by Jackal to encounter true power. After dismissing a boy and an old man, they meet a young hunter with dogs. Lion fights bravely but is overwhelmed by the hunter’s dogs, bullets, and knife. Defeated and humbled, Lion concedes his title of strongest, realizing the hunter’s unmatched strength. Jackal’s cunning proves the lesson of perspective and humility.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the lion’s pride and aggression with the hunter’s bravery and skill, highlighting the struggle between opposing forces.

Cunning and Deception: The jackal uses his wit to orchestrate the encounter between the lion and the hunter, demonstrating cleverness in achieving his goal.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on humility, showing that even the mighty can be humbled and that true strength lies in recognizing one’s limitations.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


It so happened one day that Lion and Jackal came together to converse on affairs of land and state. Jackal, let me say, was the most important adviser to the king of the forest, and after they had spoken about these matters for quite a while, the conversation took a more personal turn. Lion began to boast and talk big about his strength. Jackal had, perhaps, given him cause for it, because by nature he was a flatterer. But now that Lion began to assume so many airs, said he, “See here, Lion, I will show you an animal that is still more powerful than you are.”

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They walked along, Jackal leading the way, and met first a little boy.

“Is this the strong man?” asked Lion.

“No,” answered Jackal, “he must still become a man, O king.”

After a while they found an old man walking with bowed head and supporting his bent figure with a stick.

“Is this the wonderful strong man?” asked Lion.

“Not yet, O king,” was Jackal’s answer, “he has been a man.”

Continuing their walk a short distance farther, they came across a young hunter, in the prime of youth, and accompanied by some of his dogs.

“There you have him now, O king,” said Jackal. “Pit your strength against his, and if you win, then truly you are the strength of the earth.”

Then Jackal made tracks to one side toward a little rocky kopje from which he would be able to see the meeting.

Growling, growling, Lion strode forward to meet the man, but when he came close the dogs beset him. He, however, paid but little attention to the dogs, pushed and separated them on all sides with a few sweeps of his front paws. They howled aloud, beating a hasty retreat toward the man.

Thereupon the man fired a charge of shot, hitting him behind the shoulder, but even to this Lion paid but little attention. Thereupon the hunter pulled out his steel knife, and gave him a few good jabs. Lion retreated, followed by the flying bullets of the hunter.

“Well, are you strongest now?” was Jackal’s first question when Lion arrived at his side.

“No, Jackal,” answered Lion, “let that fellow there keep the name and welcome. Such as he I have never before seen. In the first place he had about ten of his bodyguard storm me. I really did not bother myself much about them, but when I attempted to turn him to chaff, he spat and blew fire at me, mostly into my face, that burned just a little but not very badly. And when I again endeavored to pull him to the ground he jerked out from his body one of his ribs with which he gave me some very ugly wounds, so bad that I had to make chips fly, and as a parting he sent some warm bullets after me. No, Jackal, give him the name.”


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A Jackal and a Wolf

Jackal and Wolf became servants to a man. Jackal ate the man’s fat at night but smeared some on Wolf’s tail to frame him. In the morning, the man accused Jackal, but Jackal blamed Wolf, pointing to the fat on his tail. The man believed Jackal and severely beat Wolf, leaving him nearly dead.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The Jackal deceitfully frames the Wolf by smearing fat on his tail, leading the man to believe the Wolf is guilty of eating the fat.

Good vs. Evil: The narrative contrasts the Jackal’s malicious actions with the Wolf’s innocence, highlighting the struggle between deceit and honesty.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of dishonesty and the importance of integrity.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Jackal and Wolf went and hired themselves to a man to be his servants. In the middle of the night Jackal rose and smeared Wolf’s tail with some fat, and then ate all the rest of it in the house. In the morning the man missed the fat, and he immediately accused Jackal of having eaten it.

“Look at Wolf’s tail,” said the rogue, “and you will see who is the thief.” The man did so, and then thrashed Wolf till he was nearly dead.

► Continue reading…

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The Jackal and the Wolf

Jackal tricks a wagon driver into loading him with fish by pretending to be dead, then secretly throws the fish onto the road to collect later. When greedy Wolf eats too much, Jackal deceives him into imitating the trick. Wolf lies in the road but is beaten by the driver, leaving him injured and lamenting his rough appearance compared to Jackal’s cleverness.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The narrative centers on the Jackal’s deceptive tactics to obtain fish and manipulate the Wolf into a perilous situation.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on the consequences of greed and the perils of blindly imitating others without understanding the underlying intentions.

Conflict with Authority: The Jackal’s actions challenge the authority of the wagon driver, subverting the expected order through trickery.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Once on a time Jackal, who lived on the borders of the colony, saw a wagon returning from the seaside laden with fish; he tried to get into the wagon from behind, but he could not; he then ran on before and lay in the road as if dead. The wagon came up to him, and the leader cried to the driver, “Here is a fine kaross for your wife!”

“Throw it into the wagon,” said the driver, and Jackal was thrown in.

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The wagon traveled on, through a moonlight night, and all the while Jackal was throwing out the fish into the road; he then jumped out himself and secured a great prize. But stupid old Wolf (hyena), coming by, ate more than his share, for which Jackal owed him a grudge, and he said to him, “You can get plenty of fish, too, if you lie in the way of a wagon as I did, and keep quite still whatever happens.”

“So!” mumbled Wolf.

Accordingly, when the next wagon came from the sea, Wolf stretched himself out in the road. “What ugly thing is this?” cried the leader, and kicked Wolf. He then took a stick and thrashed him within an inch of his life. Wolf, according to the directions of Jackal, lay quiet as long as he could; he then got up and hobbled off to tell his misfortune to Jackal, who pretended to comfort him.

“What a pity,” said Wolf, “I have not got such a handsome skin as you have!”


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The Tiger, the Ram, and the Jackal

Tiger, encountering Ram for the first time, is terrified by his gruff demeanor and retreats. Jackal mocks Tiger’s cowardice and convinces him to confront Ram together. However, Ram cleverly outwits them by pretending to see Tiger as prey for his “hungry child.” Terrified, Tiger flees, dragging Jackal along. The pair return home battered and humiliated, while Ram escapes unharmed.

Source
South-African Folk Tales
by James A. Honey, M.D.
New York,1910


► Themes of the story

Trickster: The Jackal embodies the trickster archetype, attempting to deceive the Ram and manipulate the Tiger for his own benefit.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson about the consequences of underestimating others and the potential downfall of deceitful behavior.

Conflict with Nature: The interactions between the animals highlight the challenges and confrontations that arise within the natural world.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Bushmen


Tiger (leopard) was returning home from hunting on one occasion, when he lighted on the kraal of Ram. Now, Tiger had never seen Ram before, and approaching submissively, he said, “Good day, friend! What may your name be?”

The other in his gruff voice, and striking his breast with his forefoot, said, “I am Ram. Who are you?”

“Tiger,” answered the other, more dead than alive, and then, taking leave of Ram, he ran home as fast as he could.

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Jackal lived at the same place as Tiger did, and the latter going to him, said, “Friend Jackal, I am quite out of breath, and am half dead with fright, for I have just seen a terrible looking fellow, with a large and thick head, and on my asking him what his name was, he answered, ‘I am Ram.'”

“What a foolish fellow you are,” cried Jackal, “to let such a nice piece of flesh stand! Why did you do so? But we shall go to-morrow and eat it together.”

Next day the two set off for the kraal of Ram, and as they appeared over a hill, Ram, who had turned out to look about him, and was calculating where he should that day crop a tender salad, saw them, and he immediately went to his wife and said, “I fear this is our last day, for Jackal and Tiger are both coming against us. What shall we do?”

“Don’t be afraid,” said the wife, “but take up the child in your arms, go out with it, and pinch it to make it cry as if it were hungry.” Ram did so as the confederates came on.

No sooner did Tiger cast his eyes on Ram than fear again took possession of him, and he wished to turn back. Jackal had provided against this, and made Tiger fast to himself with a leathern thong, and said, “Come on,” when Ram cried in a loud voice, and pinching his child at the same time, “You have done well, Friend Jackal, to have brought us Tiger to eat, for you hear how my child is crying for food.” On these dreadful words Tiger, notwithstanding the entreaties of Jackal to let him go, to let him loose, set off in the greatest alarm, dragged Jackal after him over hill and valley, through bushes and over rocks, and never stopped to look behind him till he brought back himself and half-dead Jackal to his place again. And so Ram escaped.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page