Goonur, the Woman-Doctor

Goonur, a clever doctor, revived her son after his wives tricked him into near-death. Though the son feigned trust in his wives, he secretly plotted revenge, ultimately leading to their demise. Goonur revived them too, demanding peace among them. They lived harmoniously until Goonur’s death, marked by a celestial sign. The wives became stars, their red hue linked to their wounds, immortalized in the sky.

Source
Australian Legendary Tales
collected by Mrs. K. Langloh Parker
London & Melbourne, 1896


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: The two wives deceitfully lure their husband, Goonur, into a trap, leading to his near-death.

Resurrection: Goonur’s mother revives her son after his apparent death, showcasing a literal return from death.

Revenge and Justice: After being revived, Goonur secretly plots and executes a plan to punish his treacherous wives, leading to their demise.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Aboriginal Australians


Goonur was a clever old woman-doctor, who lived with her son, Goonur, and his two wives. The wives were Guddah the red lizard, and Beereeun the small, prickly lizard. One day the two wives had done something to anger Goonur, their husband, and he gave them both a great beating. After their beating they went away by themselves. They said to each other that they could stand their present life no longer, and yet there was no escape unless they killed their husband. They decided they would do that. But how? That was the question. It must be by cunning.

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At last they decided on a plan. They dug a big hole in the sand near the creek, filled it with water, and covered the hole over with boughs, leaves, and grass.

“Now we will go,” they said, “and tell our husband that we have found a big bandicoot’s nest.”

Back they went to the camp, and told Goonur that they had seen a big nest of bandicoots near the creek; that if he sneaked up he would be able to surprise them and get the lot.

Off went Goonur in great haste. He sneaked up to within a couple of feet of the nest, then gave a spring on to the top of it. And only when he felt the bough top give in with him, and he sank down into water, did he realise that he had been tricked. Too late then to save himself, for he was drowning and could not escape. His wives had watched the success of their stratagem from a distance. When they were certain that they had effectually disposed of their hated husband, they went back to the camp. Goonur, the mother, soon missed her son, made inquiries of his wives, but gained no information from them. Two or three days passed, and yet Goonur, the son, returned not. Seriously alarmed at his long absence without having given her notice of his intention, the mother determined to follow his track. She took up his trail where she had last seen him leave the camp. This she followed until she reached the so-called bandicoot’s nest. Here his tracks disappeared, and nowhere could she find a sign of his having returned from this place. She felt in the hole with her yarn stick, and soon felt that there was something large there in the water. She cut a forked stick and tried to raise the body and get it out, for she felt sure it must be her son. But she could not raise it; stick after stick broke in the effort. At last she cut a midjee stick and tried with that, and then she was successful. When she brought out the body she found it was indeed her son. She dragged the body to an ant bed, and watched intently to see if the stings of the ants brought any sign of returning life. Soon her hope was realised, and after a violent twitching of the muscles her son regained consciousness. As soon as he was able to do so, he told her of the trick his wives had played on him.

Goonur, the mother, was furious. “No more shall they have you as husband. You shall live hidden in my dardurr. When we get near the camp you can get into this long, big comebee, and I will take you in. When you want to go hunting I will take you from the camp in this comebee, and when we are out of sight you can get out and hunt as of old.”

And thus they managed for some time to keep his return a secret; and little the wives knew that their husband was alive and in his mother’s camp. But as day after day Goonur, the mother, returned from hunting loaded with spoils, they began to think she must have help from some one; for surely, they said, no old woman could be so successful in hunting. There was a mystery they were sure, and they were determined to find it out.

“See,” they said, “she goes out alone. She is old, and yet she brings home more than we two do together, and we are young. To-day she brought opossums, piggiebillahs, honey yams, quatha, and many things. We got little, yet we went far. We will watch her.”

The next time old Goonur went out, carrying her big comebee, the wives watched her.

“Look,” they said, “how slowly she goes. She could not climb trees for opossums–she is too old and weak; look how she staggers.”

They went cautiously after her, and saw when she was some distance from the camp that she put down her comebee. And out of it, to their amazement, stepped Goonur, their husband.

“Ah,” they said, “this is her secret. She must have found him, and, as she is a great doctor, she was able to bring him to life again. We must wait until she leaves him, and then go to him, and beg to know where he has been, and pretend joy that he is back, or else surely now he is alive again he will sometime kill us.”

Accordingly, when Goonur was alone the two wives ran to him, and said:

“Why, Goonur, our husband, did you leave us? Where have you been all the time that we, your wives, have mourned for you? Long has the time been without you, and we, your wives, have been sad that you came no more to our dardurr.”

Goonur, the husband, affected to believe their sorrow was genuine, and that they did not know when they directed him to the bandicoot’s nest that it was a trap. Which trap, but for his mother, might have been his grave.

They all went hunting together, and when they had killed enough for food they returned to the camp. As they came near to the camp, Goonur, the mother, saw them coming, and cried out:

“Would you again be tricked by your wives? Did I save you from death only that you might again be killed? I spared them, but I would I had slain them, if again they are to have a chance of killing you, my son. Many are the wiles of women, and another time I might not be able to save you. Let them live if you will it so, my son, but not with you. They tried to lure you to death; you are no longer theirs, mine only now, for did I not bring you back from the dead?”

But Goonur the husband said, “In truth did you save me, my mother, and these my wives rejoice that you did. They too, as I was, were deceived by the bandicoot’s nest, the work of an enemy yet to be found. See, my mother, do not the looks of love in their eyes, and words of love on their lips vouch for their truth? We will be as we have been, my mother, and live again in peace.”

And thus craftily did Goonur the husband deceive his wives and make them believe he trusted them wholly, while in reality his mind was even then plotting vengeance. In a few days he had his plans ready. Having cut and pointed sharply two stakes, he stuck them firmly in the creek, then he placed two logs on the bank, in front of the sticks, which were underneath the water, and invisible. Having made his preparations, he invited his wives to come for a bathe. He said when they reached the creek:

“See those two logs on the bank, you jump in each from one and see which can dive the furthest. I will go first to see you as you come up.” And in he jumped, carefully avoiding the pointed stakes. “Right,” he called. “All is clear here, jump in.”

Then the two wives ran down the bank each to a log and jumped from it. Well had Goonur calculated the distance, for both jumped right on to the stakes placed in the water to catch them, and which stuck firmly into them, holding them under the water.

“Well am I avenged,” said Goonur. “No more will my wives lay traps to catch me.” And he walked off to the camp.

His mother asked him where his wives were. “They left me,” he said, “to get bees’ nests.”

But as day by day passed and the wives returned not, the old woman began to suspect that her son knew more than he said. She asked him no more, but quietly watched her opportunity, when her son was away hunting, and then followed the tracks of the wives. She tracked them to the creek, and as she saw no tracks of their return, she went into the creek, felt about, and there found the two bodies fast on the stakes. She managed to get them off and out of the creek, then she determined to try and restore them to life, for she was angry that her son had not told her what he had done, but had deceived her as well as his wives. She rubbed the women with some of her medicines, dressed the wounds made by the stakes, and then dragged them both on to ants’ nests and watched their bodies as the ants crawled over them, biting them. She had not long to wait; soon they began to move and come to life again.

As soon as they were restored Goonur took them back to the camp and said to Goonur her son, “Now once did I use my knowledge to restore life to you, and again have I used it to restore life to your wives. You are all mine now, and I desire that you live in peace and never more deceive me, or never again shall I use my skill for you:”

And they lived for a long while together, and when the Mother Doctor died there was a beautiful, dazzlingly bright falling star, followed by a sound as of a sharp clap of thunder, and all the tribes round when they saw and heard this said, “A great doctor must have died, for that is the sign.” And when the wives died, they were taken up to the sky, where they are now known as Gwaibillah, the red star, so called from its bright red colour, owing, the legend says, to the red marks left by the stakes on the bodies of the two women, and which nothing could efface.


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Tale about the sea-spirit

A small group of Tungus lived near the sea and were forced to offer a man every day to a sea-spirit to avoid his wrath. One day, the chief’s daughter was chosen as the next sacrifice. A young wanderer, who had no family, arrived and decided to stay with her, despite her pleas for him to leave. The young man defeated the sea-spirit. However, a herdsman, claiming the credit for killing the spirit, stabbed the young man and threw his body into the sea. Later, the girl cast a net into the sea and found the young man’s body. She revived him and she revealed the herdsman’s treachery. The herdsman was killed, and the young man married the chief’s daughter.

Source
Tales of Yukaghir, Lamut, and Russianized Natives of Eastern Siberia
by Waldemar Bogoras
The American Museum of Natural History
Anthropological Papers, Vol. 20, Part 1

New York, 1918


► Themes of the story

Sacrifice: The community is compelled to offer daily human sacrifices to appease the sea-spirit and ensure their survival.

Hero’s Journey: The young wanderer embarks on a transformative adventure, confronting and defeating the sea-spirit, which leads to his eventual marriage to the chief’s daughter.

Resurrection: After being killed and cast into the sea by the herdsman, the young man is revived by the chief’s daughter, symbolizing a return from death.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Yukaghir people


This story represents a Tundra Yukaghir version of the well-known tale of the dragon and the young princess.

Told by Innocent Karyakin, a Tundra Yukaghir, on the western tundra of the Kolyma country, winter of 1895.

There was a small river that flowed into the sea. Some Tungus lived at the mouth of the river, and caught fish. One time they came to the sea and saw a sea-spirit as big as a whale coming up from under the water. The sea-spirit said, “O people! you are here. I want to devour you.” They prayed to him to let them live. “All right,” said the spirit, “I will devour only one man now, and the others may go home, but every day you must give me one man. You must bring him to the sea, and leave him near the water. He shall be food for me. Otherwise, if you do not do as I bid, I shall carry off your nets and drive away all the fish. I shall turn over your canoes, and so I shall surely devour you, nevertheless.

The Tungus went home, leaving one of their number behind. They went to their chief, and said to him, “What is to be done? We have to give away one man after another. We cannot live without the sea.” So they gave to the spirit one victim after another. At last came the turn of the only daughter of the chief. They took her to the sea and put her down on the sand. Then they went back. The young girl sat there awaiting her death.

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Then she saw a young man coming. He was a wanderer, who, knew neither father nor mother, and was walking around aimlessly. “What are you doing here?” said the young man — “I am awaiting my death. The sea-spirit is coming to devour me.” — “The sea-spirit! What is he, like? I want to stay here and see him.” — “Young man,” said the chief’s daughter, “go home. What need of two human lives being destroyed?” — “I have no fear,” said the young man. “I have neither father nor mother. There is not a single soul in the world that would lament my death. I shall sit here and wait for the sea-spirit.” He took his place close to the chief’s daughter, and said to her, “Louse me a little, and make me sleep! But if anybody comes, make me get up!”

So he slept, and did not wake until the flood tide set in, and with the flood came the sea-spirit. He saw the young man, and said with joy, “Ah, good people! this time they brought two people instead of one.” The chief’s daughter wanted to rouse the young man; but he slept on, and took no heed of all her nudging and shaking. So she cried over him and a hot tear trickled down and fell upon his face.” The young man awoke instantly and sprang up. “Ah, ah,” said he, “you are already here!” He attacked the sea-monster, and they fought until late in the evening. At last the young man grasped the upper jaw of the monster, and tore it off along with the skull. “Oh, I am tired!” said the young man. He sat down again and put his head upon the girl’s lap. “Louse me again,” said he, and she did so. He went to sleep as before. One of the herdsmen of the chief came to the shore. He said to the girl, “Why, you are still alive?” — “I am,” said the girl.” And how is it with the sea-spirit?” — “This man has killed him.” — “You lie!” said the herdsman. “Who will believe that a loitering fellow like this man with no kith or kin, could kill the monster? It is I who killed the monster.”

He drew a knife and stabbed the man. He threw his body into the sea, and said to the girl, “Thus have I done; and if you contradict me with as much as a word, I shall do the same to you.” She was frightened, and promised to obey him and to say that he had killed the monster. So he took her by the hand and led her back to her father. “Here,” said he, “I have killed the sea-monster, and saved your only daughter from death. Your daughter is mine at present.” The father was full of joy. “All right,” said he, “take her and marry her.” They arranged a great bridal feast for the next morning.

In the meantime, the chief’s daughter called together all the girls of the village, and they prepared a large drag-net, as large as the sea itself. They cast it into the sea and dragged it along the shore, and then right across the sea. They toiled and toiled the whole night long, and in the morning at dawn they caught the body of her rescuer. “Here it is,” said the chief’s daughter. “This man saved me from the monster, and the herdsman stabbed him in his sleep. Now I shall stab myself, so that both of us may have one common funeral.” — “Do not do so,” said one of her companions. “I know a rock not far from here. From under that rock comes a stream of water, scalding hot, but good for healing all kinds of wounds.” She went to the rock with a stone bottle and fetched some of the water. They washed the wound with it, and, lo! the youth came to life again. The girl took him by the hand and led him to her father. “This is the man who saved me. The other one is a traitor and an impostor.” So they killed the herdsman, the young man married the girl, and they lived there.

The end.


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War with the Ta’nnit

Two Chukchi brothers, Chinto’urgin and Anqa’lqan, return from hunting to confront ten Ta’nnit warriors who murdered their people. Using superior skill and resilience, they defeat the attackers, reclaim resources, and sustain their community. When more warriors arrive, Anqa’lqan heroically fights and dies but is revived by a benevolent spirit, who commands a ceremonial tribute, sealing his victory and restoration.

Source
The Jessup North Pacific Expedition
edited by Franz Boas
Memoir of the American Museum
of Natural History – New York

Volume VIII
1. Chukchee Mythology
by Waldemar Bogoras
Leiden & New York, 1910


► Themes of the story

Hero’s Journey: Anqa’lqan embarks on a transformative adventure, facing formidable adversaries and undergoing personal trials.

Sacrifice: Anqa’lqan sacrifices his own reindeer to confront the Ta’nnit warriors, demonstrating his commitment to the cause.

Resurrection: After being mortally wounded, Anqa’lqan is revived by the benevolent spirit Kere’tkun, symbolizing a return from death.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chukchee people


Told by Pana’nto, a Maritime Chukchee man, at Mariinsky Post, October, 1900.

There lived two brothers, Chinto’urgin and Anqa’lqan. Their houses were very poor. Some Ta’nnit warriors came, ten in number, all driving reindeer, and also all able-bodied. They murdered all the people near the lake. Chinto’urgin and Anqa’lqan were both absent, hunting reindeer. The Ta’nnit began to kill their house-mates. At that time both came back. Ten Ta’nnit warriors were standing side by side. The two on the ends were quite weak. The fifth, the middle one, was the strongest of all. The one on the left end said, “How shall we kill them?” That on the right end said, “Let it be by shooting!” The strong one said, “You are a weakling, I am able to bind them hand and foot, and then to take them alive to the Ta’nnin women.” Anqa’lqan said, “We shall see!” They fought. One warrior struck Anqa’lqan upon the breast with his spear. He hit his armor of thong-seal-hide, Anqa’lqan fell down, “Ga, ga, ga!” cried all the Ta’nnit.

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“Not yet,” said Anqa’lqan, “I am still alive, My hands are not bound, nor my feet either.” Lying down, he made a thrust with his long spear. His spear-head was much stronger than that of the Ta’nnin. He pierced the Ta’nnin all through, and killed him. His companion was still more active. Even before Anqa’lqan had killed his adversary, he had killed those on the right and on the left side, and destroyed them all. They gathered the reindeer, and took all the belongings of those killed.

Then they went home, and found their house-mates half starving. [From what was told before, one would suppose that the fight was near the houses. Discrepancies of this kind are not rare in Chukchee stories.] They slaughtered reindeer and gave their friends to eat. The next year ten other Ta’nnin warriors came again. Anqa’lqan went to meet them, driving a single reindeer. Then he said, “Can I save myself with the help of this single reindeer? I will rather be wholly without reindeer!” So he stabbed the animal with his knife. The reindeer rushed forward, broke through the Ta’nnin file, then fell down. They fought, Anqa’lqan killed all the Ta’nnit, but he was also mortally wounded by them. While he was lying there, Kere’tkun [benevolent spirit] came to him and said, “I am sorry for you! I may bring you back to life!” — “Do it,” said the corpse. ‘”If you will promise to follow my orders, I will make you alive, as before.” — “I promise to do so.” — “Then listen! A Ta’nnin will pass by, driving a reindeer-team. That is the object of your thanksgiving ceremonial. Over him and his reindeer carefully celebrate it!” — “All right!” He made him alive. A Ta’nnin passed by, driving a reindeer-team. He struck him with a spear and killed him, and carried the body home. Upon this, he celebrated the thanksgiving ceremonial. His head was the object of the ceremonial, and also his two reindeer. Thus he was restored to life.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Youth who received Supernatural Powers from the Ke´let

A sick son attracts malevolent spirits (Re’kken) who consume him but restore his life, granting him shamanistic powers. As he gains strength and a wife, he faces betrayal, death, and supernatural challenges. After escaping his enemies with his wife, they ascend to the upper world, where they live until old age, leaving behind legacies intertwined with cosmic forces and spiritual beliefs.

Source
The Jessup North Pacific Expedition
edited by Franz Boas
Memoir of the American Museum
of Natural History – New York

Volume VIII
1. Chukchee Mythology
by Waldemar Bogoras
Leiden & New York, 1910


► Themes of the story

Resurrection: The youth experiences death at the hands of the spirits and is subsequently brought back to life, highlighting themes of mortality and rebirth.

Love and Betrayal: After gaining a wife, the youth faces betrayal by others who covet her, leading to his death and subsequent supernatural challenges.

Journey to the Otherworld: The tale concludes with the youth and his wife ascending to the upper world, indicating a transition to a different realm of existence.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Chukchee people


Told by Ri’nto, a Maritime Chukchee man, at Mariinsky Post, in October, 1900.

Once upon a time there was another man who lived in a single house. There were only three of them. The son was suffering, so the parents (even) could not sleep. A strong gale was blowing. Notwithstanding (the noise), they heard the clattering of sledge-runners. The man’s wife looked out into the darkness and saw the visitors. They were Re’kken [evil spirit]. She said, “Oh, they are coming down upon us! Their reindeer were breathing fire. They came and entered the house. The suffering one immediately even ceased to moan.

“Oh, we come for provisions. Oh, dear! with what are you going to treat us?” — “Oh, with thong-seal meat.” — “We are not used to it. Oh, with what are you going to treat us?” — “With ring-seal meat.” — “We do not eat such things.” They pointed at the direction of the suffering one. “We want that one.” — “Indeed, there is nothing there.”

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Then one of them entered the sleeping-room, caught the suffering one by the ankle and carried him out. As soon as they had caught him, they only did thus with their mouths, why! And only his bones were left. His little mother cried. Then one of the (re’kken) took off his overcoat, picked up the bones and put them into the overcoat. The ke’let did so with the bones of that man.

Then they went out and said, “We are going away, watch us.” The old woman watched them when they were going to their sledges. They came to the sledges and emptied the overcoat, flinging its contents in the direction of the house. And there was that one just now eaten by them. They restored him, the suffering one, to life. He came to the house, quite naked. And he had acquired great shamanistic power. He entered the house naked.

He seemed to be out of his wits. All at once he would strike his own body with a bowlder, and the bowlder would crumble to a mere nothing. From every settlement in the neighborhood there came inquisitive people. They wanted to kill him, and all at once they struck him with a spear. But his body was as hard as stone. And they could not do anything.

After a while he married. His wife was very pretty. So the other people, the wrong-doers, felt a desire to have this woman. They took this shaman and carried him to the (open) country. There they strangled him, and he was killed. They took his wife and went with her to the house. Then they saw the one whom they had just killed sitting in the house, as before. “Oh, again! Oh, dear! What shall we do?” The woman was too pretty.

So they dug a cellar, filled it with insects, [mere] hairy grubs. These grubs soon became quite large in size. Then they called him. (He said to the woman,) “Oh, but now I must give up the struggle. Now they will take you for good. But you must remember to dig the ground in the cellar.” They pushed him into the cellar. The grubs caught him and consumed him. Then (his enemies) took the Woman.

As soon as night came, she went away quietly and followed a trail. This was the working-trail of her husband. She followed the trail, and found the duodenum of a reindeer hanging on a bush. She stopped there and made a fire. After that she departed again and felt thirsty. She saw a river quite filled with grubs, so she did not drink from that river. After a while she saw a lake. It was full of fish, but from this lake she could take a drink. At last she found her husband. He was standing outside a house, and was working at something. He said to her, “You have come?”

Meanwhile he had married also among the ke’let. The other wife said to her, “Put on my combination-suit!” But her husband said, “Do not put it on, you will die.” His other wife said, “At least do look upon me!” Her husband said, “Do not look upon her. She will take your [female] soul.” This was a ke’le-woman: therefore, if she had looked upon her, she would have died immediately. The other woman said again, “At least do sit on my pillow-bag!” — “Do not sit down. She will kill your child.”

The human wife went out and busied herself in the outer tent. His other wife had made a cellar in the outer tent. In the darkness the human wife fell into that cellar. At last the child began to cry quite loud. Their husband said, “Oh, where is she?” He questioned his other wife. “Don’t you know anything about her?” — “Oh, I do not know anything at all.” Oho, the child was crying quite loud.

Their husband said, “Now, then, give me the drum!” Then he looked for his wife among the various Beings and could not find her. Then he set off (to visit) other kinds of Beings, those of the Morning Dawn, and she was not there. “Oh, oh, oh! How very extraordinary! I cannot find her.” Again he struck the drum. This time he went to the Mid-Day, and searched for her there. She was not there.

He said to his ke’le-wife, “It is you, who did (harm) to her.” The ke’le-wife answered him, “Why should I have done (harm) to my working-companion, my wife mate?” — “Now then, give me the drum again!” He searched for her among the Ground-Beings and saw her. He said to her, “Oh, what are you doing here? She was starving. She said, “It is your wife who made this cellar for me with the desire of murdering me.”

Then her husband said, “Now let us leave her! She is bad, and so we shall be made childless.” — “Oh,” he said to his ke’le-wife, “you are an experienced shaman! Do practise your art a little, and let us have some recreation.” — “Aha, all right!” The woman practised her art. The shaman, her husband, made a man of excrement, to give her the usual answers.

Then the woman practised her art. The man made a fire all around the house, and flames flashed up. Meanwhile the mannikin made of excrement was giving answer, “Git, git, git.” He proved to be quite lively. Then the ke’le-woman felt quite warm, because the house was ablaze, and the fire approached the sleeping-room. The husband and his human wife went far away, taking with them their obsidian scraper.

At last the ke’le-woman appeared from the sleeping-room, because she felt too hot. And the man made of excrement, who was giving answer, was downcast, because the excrement was melting. He could only call out feebly, “Git, git,” because this lively answerer was melting in the heat.

Then the tip of the tongue of the ke’le-woman jumped out and rushed in pursuit of the fugitives. It was quite swift, and soon drew near. The man said, “Now put down the obsidian scraper!” A big mountain originated, quite slippery. The tip of the tongue would climb up halfway, and then slide down again. Still, somehow it succeeded in crossing it, and continued the pursuit.

They stuck into the ground a piece of wood, and it turned into a dense wood. The wood had no openings, and was quite thick and dense. When passing through that wood, the tongue came to be covered with blood. Still it passed through it, and continued the pursuit. Then the man said to his wife, “Draw a line on the ground with the little finger of your left hand!” This time a river originated. As soon as the tongue left the bank, it was carried down by the current, because the river was flowing in rapids. Still it crossed the river. Then the man said to his wife, “Draw another line on the ground!”

They apply all kinds of means: it crosses again and pursues them. At last he ordered her to draw a line with soot [the lamp, and everything connected with it, are considered a highly efficient protection against spirits] of her lamp, using her right hand. When the tongue came to that soot river, it felt superstitious fear, and could not cross it. Then they went away and disappeared. The tongue probably turned back.

The human beings ascended to the Morning Dawn. There in the upper world they died of old age. The name of the shaman is Tai’pat. His son took his abode on the moon, and became a Sacrifice-Being. They throw up to him some thong, and in doing this they throw that thong upon every kind of game. They sacrifice also blood to the moon.

The mother was immortal. And she became the Left-Side Morning Dawn. Those probably were the people from the time of first creation.

Those that possess evil charms also dwell upon the moon in another place. Also [Ite’yun, Spirit of] Epilepsy was created. Of old the people were immortal. Also Coughing-of-Blood comes from there. And also a man who is visited by his enemy’s anger and ceases to catch game, his misfortune is also from there. It is necessary to be on guard, else even the lucky one may feel want. Truly, the game is made scarce by supernatural means. Then it becomes hard to kill. The sacrificing-shamans also have been created from there, and every kind of “Beings,” [Va’irgin, benevolent spirits] at least part of them.

The end. Let the wind cease!


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The First Sea-Otters

In the village of Igagik, an Aleut girl, dishonored by a young man, seeks revenge by crippling him. Believing her brother died from a hunting accident, she mourns by reanimating him with a song, but they flee together, transforming into otters. Their parents, heartbroken, mourn their loss as their children become sea creatures, giving rise to the sea-otters.

Source
The Songs and Stories of the Aleuts
collected by F.A. Golder
The Journal of American Folklore

Vol. 20, No. 77, Apr. – Jun., 1907


► Themes of the story

Revenge and Justice: The sister seeks retribution against the young man who dishonored her.

Resurrection: The sister brings her deceased brother back to life through a ritualistic song and dance.

Origin of Things: The story provides an explanation for the existence of sea otters in Aleutian belief.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Aleut people


Unga story

On the southern side of Unalaska Island, opposite the village of Chernovsky, there was once a village named Igagik. In that village lived a well known Aleut who had only two children, a son and a daughter. The son, when full grown, was a quick and bold hunter; the daughter, who was just reaching womanhood, was a model in her way. The parents and all other relatives could not rejoice sufficiently on looking on the young people, and considered themselves very fortunate; but a dreadful calamity, never heard of before nor since, befell them, and of a sudden destroyed their happiness. When the girl reached puberty she (according to the custom) was placed in confinement in a small barrabara, and no one besides her servant was allowed to go near her.

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Her brother, about this time, used to go out nearly every night bird hunting.

While yet in seclusion, and at night when the fire was already out, a certain young man commenced to visit the girl, and passionately made illicit proposals; she, fearing to disgrace her relations, would by no means consent. Finally, not being able to obtain his end by fair means, the young man obtained it by force. The girl, dishonored, determined to revenge herself, and she did it in a most cruel and degrading way. When leaving the barrabara (through a hole in the roof) the girl cut the sinews of both his legs right under the knees, and the unhappy youth, moaning, crawled away from there.

The following morning the girl’s parents sent to tell her that her beloved brother, while out hunting on the preceding night, fell on sharp rocks, cutting the sinews of his legs, and died immediately. This terrible news threw the girl for a short time into some kind of a stupor. She then ordered the servant to dress her in her very best clothes, i.e. to put on her the necklace, the bracelets, the earrings, the nose ornaments (made of wood), and to paint her cheeks; then she herself put on her very best parka (trimmed with fur seal and bills of small ducks, etc., and which is sewed like a long shirt without an opening in front) and tore it in front from top to bottom. Dressed in this fashion, she went, followed by her servant, to her father’s house, where her brother lay.

Her brother was really dead, and lay on the floor in the front part of the barrabara, his parents and friends around him weeping and lamenting. Instead of mourning, she began to sing a song in a very joyful strain: “You brother, brother of mine, come get up, get up and look on that on whose account you have deprived yourself of sleep!”

While singing this song she approached the corpse, shaking the folds of her torn parka and uncovering herself. When she had approached her brother in this manner his toes began to move; as she repeated her song and dance a second time the color came into his face; and at the end of the third performance he jumped up and tried to embrace her. She escaped him and ran outside, he after her, and after him his astonished parents and friends. The girl ran in such a way that her reanimated brother could not reach her, neither could his pursuers come up with him. At last, driven to the cliffy beach, and seeing no other way of escape, they threw themselves into the sea.

Their pursuers waited a long time, not taking their eyes off the spot, and, as it were, waiting for them to emerge. After a long time they appeared on the surface and were even alive; not as human beings, however, but as otters, and slowly swam from the shore, one going east, the other west. The broken-hearted parents followed their course with their eyes, crying and saying : —

“You children, our children, was it for this that we nursed and reared you, that you should shame us with your guilt, and that you should become wild beasts! We were hoping that you would support and bring peace and happiness to us,” etc.

In this manner did the parents mourn for their children all their lives; and from that time appeared in the sea sea-otters.


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