How the Fijian Ate the Sacred Cat

The Tongans of Haapai once revered a cat from a foreign ship, believing it to be a god. Dau-lawaki, a cunning Fijian, tricked the people by imitating the god’s voice and claiming the cat should be eaten. Though fearful, he obeyed, feigning reluctance, then confessed his deception back home, mocking the Tongans. Humiliated, they returned, while Dau-lawaki avoided Haapai forever.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Dau-lawaki, the Fijian, employs trickery by imitating the god’s voice to convince the Tongans to eat the sacred cat.

Moral Lessons: The tale imparts a lesson on the consequences of blind faith and the potential for exploitation by deceitful individuals.

Cultural Heroes: Dau-lawaki’s actions, though morally ambiguous, position him as a clever figure who outsmarts the Tongans, reflecting traits often celebrated in cultural narratives.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

In the old days, when we were all heathens, we, the men of Tonga, saw a large ship anchored at Haapai. Our fathers took counsel together as to how they might kill the people and take the vessel; and a plot was laid; so that we looked upon the crew of that ship as dead men, and the women laughed together, as they said, “See the slain walking about the beach. To-morrow they will be in the ovens.” But, when all was ready, the vessel sailed away in the night, and great was the anger of our people when they rose in the morning, and found that the bay was empty. Great was their rage, and loud was their angry talk, as they accused one another of warning the foreigners, so that from words they came to blows, and there was a great fight, wherein many died, and that night was a night of much weeping at Haapai.

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In the morning the high priest went into the temple to speak with the god, and to inquire why he was thus angry with his people, while the townsfolk were gathered together, sad and silent, in the public square, waiting to hear the words of Alo-alo, the god of the men of Haapai. Not long did they wait, for the priest came running out of the temple, and sat down in their midst, trembling exceedingly; and there was a great silence and fear, because all the people saw that something wonderful had happened.

“Hear my words,” said he at last in a low voice. “Hear my words, ye men of Haapai, great is the thing that has come to pass to-day; for with these eyes have I looked upon Alo-alo. See! Look! Behold he comes!” And from the doorway there stepped forth a cat, which seated itself on the top of the mound whereon the temple stood, and looked solemnly down upon the people. It had, doubtless, come ashore from the vessel; but our fathers then, for the first time, looked upon a cat, and they feared greatly, for they thought it had come down from heaven. Great were the honours which they paid it; many the feasts that were made ready for it; and a useful animal was it indeed to the priest, who, you may be sure, took his full share of the food provided for it, so that both he and the cat grew sleek and fat together.

Then it fell out that one of our canoes came back from a voyage to Fiji, bringing many of our countrymen, who had been helping the men of Lakemba in their wars; and with them came a Fijian, whose name was Dau-lawaki, the Great Rogue, a man strong of soul, fearing nothing, believing nothing, and caring for no one but himself.

And when he saw the cat his stomach craved for it; and day and night he could think of nothing else than how he could secure it for his food; but he feared to steal it because of the people, who honoured it even as a god; nor could he think of any plan for getting that which his soul desired.

At length, one night when the townsfolk were all asleep in their houses, a great shout was heard in the temple, and the people rushed together into the public square, crying out, “What is this? What does the shouting mean?”

But the priest said, “Stand still, ye men of Haapai, and listen; for it may be that the god is about to speak.”

So they stood in silence, and from the midst of the temple there sounded forth a solemn voice. Three times was the voice heard, and then all was quiet; and these were the words that were spoken: —

“Deliver the cat to the Fijian for the eating thereof.”

Then our fathers went back in great awe to their houses; but the chiefs assembled together and took counsel with the priest. So in the morning the drum was beaten, whereupon all the townsfolk came together in the public square, with the chiefs and the old men and the priest in their midst, while the cat was brought forth, bound, and laid at their feet. Then rose the high priest and called the Rogue. “Come forward,” said he; and the Great Rogue came forward and sat down in the midst of the public square, while the priest spoke on: —

“We have taken counsel together during the night as to this great thing, this wonderful thing which has happened. We cannot understand it. Alo-alo has spoken to us, his people. But why should he have spoken in a foreign tongue? We are men of Tonga, and he is a Tongan god; why then should he have spoken to us with the tongue of a Fijian? Is it perhaps that, being angry with us, his people, he is about to leave us? What have we done? wherein have we offended? My soul is small, ye people of Haapai. Our god perhaps is hungry. He is a great chief, having many followers; and the food we have given him has not been enough for him and for his household. Therefore bestir yourselves, and make ready for him a great feast, that he may have compassion upon us, and not leave us to perish; for you know that it is he who gives us the rain, and the sun, and causes the fruits of the earth to grow. Let his feasts be greater from this day henceforward: then will he stay in Haapai, and it shall be well with us. But one thing is plain to us — that we must obey his voice to-day. Rise therefore, Dau-lawaki, kill the cat of Alo-alo, and bake it in the oven, that you may eat it, according to his word, which was spoken three times to us during the night.” And the priest sat down again amongst the chiefs.

Then spake the Rogue, trembling like one in great fear: “Spare me, ye chiefs, spare me! Let me not kill the sacred cat, lest some great evil befall me.”

But the chiefs looked angrily upon him. “Who are you,” cried they, “that you should dare question the command of the god? Eat or die!”

“Life is sweet,” said the Rogue. “Give me a knife, and let some of the young men heat an oven.”

So he killed the holy cat, and cooked and ate it, leaving nothing but the skull and the bones, which the Haapai men buried with great pomp in the midst of the temple. And, after this, he begged the chiefs to send him back to his own land: “For,” said he, “I am afraid of the Tongan gods. Have I not eaten their sacred cat?”

Then the chiefs ordered a large double canoe to be made ready for him, and therein he sailed back to Lakemba, whence he came. Three nights they went sailing over the waters, and on the fourth morning the land was seen, whereat they rejoiced exceedingly, inasmuch as they sailed in great fear lest the anger of Alo-alo should follow them because of the Rogue.

A prudent man was the Rogue, and not a word did he say about the cat till he landed safe at Lakemba; and then he told all his people how he had cheated the Haapai men, hiding himself in the temple at night, and shouting forth the words which they thought the god had spoken. “And truly,” said he, “I was afraid that they would find me out; for I spoke in Fijian, not knowing their tongue; but they are without souls, those men of Haapai!” And he went on to tell them how he had feigned to be terribly frightened when they ordered him to eat the cat; and how they threatened to kill him unless he hearkened to their words; till all the people roared with laughter, and said, “True now are the words of the Rogue. Men without souls are the men of Haapai!”

Great also was the shame and vexation of the Tongans who had brought him back to Lakemba; for the children were always shouting after them, “Give the cat to the Fijian for the eating thereof!” And they sailed back to their land in a great rage. But Dau-lawaki took care never to show his face again in Haapai.


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Why the Kings of Lakemba Are Called Lords of Naiau

The old chief Tui Naiau explains that no mortal can claim the title “Lord of Lakemba,” as it belongs to a god who once ruled Fiji. The tale recounts the god’s mortal origins, his journey to the Sky-King (his father), and his conquests across Fiji, defeating gods and humans alike. He became “Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven,” married the Serpent-god’s daughter, and ultimately ruled Lakemba. His descendants honor the legacy by avoiding the title, fearing divine retribution.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Cultural Heroes: The narrative centers on a god of mortal descent who becomes a foundational figure in Fijian lore, shaping societal structures and titles.

Quest: The god’s journey from his mortal origins to the sky and back, conquering various realms, represents a transformative adventure.

Divine Intervention: The narrative involves interactions between gods and mortals, with divine beings influencing human affairs and societal norms.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

“How is it, sir,” said I to old Tui Naiau, “that you, being King of Lakemba, are called Lord of Naiau? Why is not your title Lord of Lakemba?”

“Hush!” said the old chief, with a sort of startled look. “No mortal must be called Lord of Lakemba; for that is the name of him who was the god of this land in the old, old days. Look you, we are Christians now — we have thrown aside our heathen gods, but we remember them — we, the old men. And by night, within the houses, the young people gather round us, that we may tell them about the old times, when we had our own gods, and the lotu of the white men had not yet reached Fiji.

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A great chief was the Lord of Lakemba, a great chief was he among the gods of old, though he was of mortal race by his mother’s side, for he was the son of Tui Langi, the Sky-King (he who sent Lekambai back to Samoa on the turtle); his mother, a woman of Tonga, was called the “Charitable one,” and there he was born.

When he grew to be a strong lad, he never played with the other boys, but kept himself apart; and his mother asked him why he acted thus.

“Why, my son,” said she, “do you walk alone all the day? Why do you not play with the other children of chiefs in the rara (the public square)? Truly, my son, it is not good for you thus to act; for they call you proud and haughty, and hate you; so that when you are a man you will have none to follow you in your goings forth to kill your enemies.”

Then the boy looked steadfastly upon his mother’s face. “Tell me, my mother,” said he, “tell me who is my father. The boys of the town have fathers who love them. Even little Tua-piko, the Hunchback, has a father, for I saw him run suddenly away from the other lads as they were playing together at ‘dragging the bodies of the slain’; he ran away to a man who was carrying yams from the gardens, shouting ‘Father, my father!’ And the man stopped, and put down his basket of yams, and, smiling upon Tua-piko, he took him in his arms, and kissed him, and danced him upon his shoulder; so that little Tua-piko shouted for joy. The big boys also — their fathers teach them to throw the spear, and to strike with the club, that they may be fitted for war; but no one teaches me.” Then the boy smiled, and his eyes glittered while he muttered to himself in a low tone, “But I teach myself. Yet a little while, and they shall see whose spear will fly the fastest through the air, and whose club shall be the best crusher of skulls.”

Then was the soul of his mother troubled, for she feared to hide from him the name of his father, and she was also afraid to tell him, lest he should go away and leave her. Great, therefore, was her trouble, and she wept. “Truly, my son,” said she, “you have indeed a father. Not such a one as the fathers of these children of men is the father of my child. But indeed, my son, I am afraid to tell you his name, lest you should leave me alone in this land. Leave me not, my boy, leave me not; for I love you dearly, and if you go away I shall die.”

And she wept bitterly; but the lad only smiled, and said quietly, in a low tone, “Tell me his name, mother, or I will kill you.” Then she told him, and without a word he turned round and went away, leaving his mother alone with her grief.

All day long he walked across the land, laughing softly to himself, and striking o£F the heads of the flowers with his walking-stick — a stick of noko-noko (or ironwood), and as the flowers fell around him, he said, “Thus will I strike off the heads of my enemies.” When it was night he thrust the stick into the ground, and lying down beside it slept till morning. Then waking, he saw a wonderful thing; for the stick of ironwood had grown up into a great and mighty tree, whose head was hidden in the clouds. And, climbing up the tree, he saw, when he had got above the clouds, that it reached quite up to the sky; for the sky was much nearer to the earth in those days. So he climbed and climbed till he reached the sky, and then he cried with a loud voice, “Here am I, O Sky-King, my father! Here am I!” And the Sky-King heard him. “Who are you?” asked the Sky-King angrily, for there had been fighting in the sky that day, and he had fled before his enemies, so that his soul was sore.

“I am the ‘Child that challenges Men,’ your son from Tonga,” answered the lad (for that was his name in those days; it was not till long afterwards that he was called Lord of Lakemba).

“Come up here, then, that I may see you,” growled the Sky-King. “Ugh, you are small. Why did you not wait till you had grown bigger? You had better go back again to your mother. Men are wanted here, now, not boys like you, for we are fighting.” And the sky-men, who were sitting round the King, laughed at the child.

Then the lad answered not a word; but smiling, as was his wont, while his eyes glittered, he stepped up to a big sky-man, whose laugh was the loudest of all, and smote him on the head with his fist so fierce a blow that he fell back senseless on the ground, and the laughter ceased, for they were all astounded at the boy’s strength and daring. But the King was mad with joy, and cried out, clapping his hands:

“Well done! Well done, my boy! A terrible stroke! Take this club, my son, and strike him again;” for the big sky-man was now sitting up, winking his eyes, and rubbing his head with his hands. So the lad took the club, and therewith struck him so dreadful a stroke that the club sank down into the midst of his broken skull. Then he threw the weapon down at his father’s feet, saying, “He will laugh no more. And now I had better go back to my mother; for it is men that are wanted here, not boys like me.”

“You shall stay with us, my boy,” cried the Sky-King, catching him by the hand, “you shall stay with us. Let the ovens be heated; for to-night will we feast with my son, and to-morrow shall we slay our enemies.” So the lad sat down with his father and made for himself a club out of the ironwood tree.

And on the morrow, in the early morning, the foe came up to the town, shouting for war, and crying, “Come out to us, O Sky-King, for we are hungry. Come out to us, that we may eat.”

Then the boy rose up, saying, “Let no man follow me. Stay you all in the town,” and, taking in his hand the club which he had made, he rushed out into the midst of the enemy, striking savagely right and left, and killing with every blow; till at length they fled before him, and he sat down on a heap of dead bodies, calling to the townsfolk —

“Come forth and drag the slain away.” So they came out, singing the Death-song, and dragged away the bodies of the slain, forty and two, while the wooden drum that we call lali sounded the Dorua or “Death-roll” in the town.

Four times afterwards, five times in all, did the boy smite his father’s enemies, so that their souls grew small, and they came bringing peace-offerings to the Sky-King, saying, “Pity us, my lord, and let us live;” wherefore he was left without an enemy, and his rule stretched over all the sky. And the lad stayed with his father, growing up into a youth great and tall; and you may be sure that no one dared again to laugh at him after the day when he climbed up the ironwood tree, and killed the big sky-man.

But after all the enemies had humbled themselves before the Sky-King and become his servants, there was no more fighting to be done; and the Child-that-challenges-men began to be weary, because there was no one for him to kill: so he said to his father, “I will now go back again to the earth, and seek a wife among the children of men;” and the Sky-King said, “Good are your words, my son. Go down to the earth, and take therefrom to yourself a wife.” Then he kissed his son, and wept over him; though indeed he was glad at heart at his going, for he feared him.

Now the ironwood tree had been swept away by a great flood, so that he could not get down again to the earth by it; nevertheless he came down to Fiji at Bengga. We do not know clearly how he got down; but the Bengga people say that two men, great and tall, whose faces were white, came with him; and whether they helped him or not we cannot tell — all we know is that he lighted first upon Bengga. And there, when the gods of the place raised their people and fought against him, he smote them with a great slaughter, and took their land, dividing it into two parts, whereof he gave one to his friends, the white men, and the other he gave to the King of Rewa. So he went from island to island, smiting the gods in every place, and forcing them all to make peace-ofFerings to him, throughout all the islands, and all Bau, and the inland parts of Great Fiji also, till he came to the Hill of Kauvandra, where the great Serpent-god dwelt, and with him he did not fight; for the great Serpent came forth to meet him, saying, “Why should we two fight, O Slayer that camest from Heaven? See, here is my daughter. Lady Sweet-eyes; it will be better for you to marry her, than to fight with me.” So these words pleased the Slayer that came from Heaven; and he married the daughter of the great Serpent. (Now “Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven” is the name that the men of Bengga gave him.)

Then he went to Bau, and to all the kingdoms of Vanua Levu, fighting with the gods of the land, and making them all his servants; so that he and the great Serpent are the two greatest gods in Fiji. Thus he came at length to Windward, landing here at Lakemba in the night; and in the morning an old woman found him on the beach, as she was going down to fetch salt water.

“Sa yandra — I salute you, sir stranger,” said she. “Whence do you come?”

“Take me up to the town,” said he; “lead me to the house of your lord.” So the woman led him along the path, and reported him to the chief.

Now, in those days Wathi-wathi was the chief town in Lakemba, as Tubou is at this present day. Each town had its own god, who lived among the people, and these were the rulers of the land: jealous also were they of one another, so that they were always at war, and men were clubbed every day. He who ruled here in Tubou was a god called Ratu-mai-na-koro, the “Lord that came from the Town,” and when he heard of the coming of the Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven he said, “Let him come hither.” So they two sat down together in the great house; and the Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven told him about his fightings, and how that he had conquered all the gods of Fiji, except the great Serpent whose daughter he had married. And the other replied, “Good is your coming, and good is your report. But now let us eat. Truly I am ashamed to-day, because I have no food to set before you. Everything is taken to Wathi-wathi. But the bananas are ripe. See, there is a tree. Let us pluck some and eat.”

“Sit you still,” said the Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven. “I will go and pluck the bananas that we two may eat.”

But when the townsfolk saw him at the tree, they cried aloud, “You there, what are you doing? The bananas are tabu, for the first fruits have not yet been taken to our lords at Wathi-wathi.”

Then the Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven smiled, as he looked upon them with glittering eyes.

“I know them not,” said he, “these lords of yours at Wathi-wathi. One thing only I know — that I am hungry;” whereupon he cut the bananas, and the people shouted for war, and fell upon him: but he smote them with his terrible fist, killing two outright, and hurting many more; so that the living fled from before him, leaving him alone with the dead. And, taking up the bananas and the bodies of the two who were slain, he threw them down in the house before the Lord-that-came-from-the-Town, saying, “Here is food. Come, let us eat.”

Thus also he did on the morrow at Nasangkalau, bringing the bananas and the bodies of the slain with him, to the Lord-that-came-from-the-Town in his house at Tubou. Then he went on to Vakano, but the people there brought him a peace-offering, as did all the other towns also, excepting Wathi-wathi, and it he destroyed with a great slaughter; so that all the chiefs came to Tubou, bringing offerings, and humbling themselves, whereby Tubou became the chief town of Lakemba, as it is to this day.

Then spake the Lord-that-came-from-the-Town: “It is not right, O Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven, that I should rule over this people. You alone have conquered the land, and you alone shall rule it.”

So the Slayer-that-came-from-Heaven sat himself down here in Tubou, ruling all the land. Moreover, he sent for his wife. Lady Sweet-eyes, and she bare him a son, whom he called Taliaitupou; after whom also I, the Lord of Naiau, am named. Thus he came to be the Lord of Lakemba. First he was the “Child that challenges men,” then he was the “Slayer that came from Heaven,” and lastly the “Lord of Lakemba.”

Many years did he rule here till his son was a grown man, and then he gave the kingdom to him, going himself to Tonga, where also he conquered all the mighty ones; and at length returned to his father the Sky-King, with whom he lived ever after, receiving the worship of many lands.

And this is why I, the ruler of this kingdom, am called the “Lord of Naiau”; for our fathers always said that if any man should take to himself the title of “Lord of Lakemba,” he would come down from the sky and crush his skull with a blow of his terrible fist.

Therefore is my title Tui, or lord, of Naiau.


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

How the Samoans First Got Pigs

In ancient Samoa, famine struck, forcing a chief to eat children for sustenance. A grieving couple, the “Man of Luck” and his wife, mourned their seventh child. A magical imp named Ilo-anga intervened, gifting them pigs—creatures to provide food and end cannibalism. The pigs multiplied, spreading to Tonga and Fiji, saving families from hunger and fostering peace among islanders.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The narrative explains how pigs were introduced to Samoa, providing an origin story for their presence in the region.

Sacrifice: The chief’s demand for children as food during the famine highlights the extreme sacrifices made by families during desperate times.

Loss and Renewal: The community experiences profound loss due to famine and cannibalism, but the introduction of pigs brings renewal and hope, ending the cycle of suffering.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

In the old days there were no pigs in Samoa, nor fowls, nor ducks. Neither were there any in Tonga, nor did we, the men of Fiji, eat them, for we had them not. In those days we ate that which sprung up out of the earth, and fish which we caught on the reefs, so that we hungered after flesh, and killed men that we might eat and be full.

Now upon a time it fell out that no fish could be had in Samoa. What was the reason thereof our fathers did not fully know; but some said that a great monster came swimming into the Samoan waters, eating all the fish on the reefs, so that those fish that were left alive were afraid and swam away to other lands.

► Continue reading…

Thus it came to pass that the men of Samoa were brought into great straits because of their hunger, for they had nothing to eat but the fruits of the ground, and their stomachs were always asking, “Alas! what shall be our food to-day?”

Now there was a chief, great and mighty, who dwelt in that land; and when the famine was heavy upon them he sent his messengers and took the children one by one, cooking them for his food, so that the souls of his people were sore; and they said one to another, “What shall we do? for we are perishing from off the earth; we are eaten up by this our lord.” And there was weeping in every house.

In the town of this chief there dwelt a man whose name was Kailufahe-tuugau, or the “Man of Luck,” and Faei-puaka, his wife, and their children — one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight: eight of them — so that it was a saying among the townsfolk, “A full house is the house of the Man of Luck.”

But at length it fell to his turn to furnish a child for the chief’s food, and the messengers came bringing a whale’s tooth, which they laid down before him, saying, “This is the carrying away of your child that our lord may eat.” Heavy then were the hearts of the “Man of Luck” and his wife, and bitter was their weeping; but they said, “Good is the word of the chief,” and made their child ready for death. It was their seventh child that they chose, because the mother loved the youngest more than all the rest, and could not bear to send him away. So they oiled the body of their seventh child, and combed his hair, plaiting the long locks that hung down behind his ear, and when they had tied a strip of white unpainted cloth to his arm they kissed him many times, ever more weepingly, and gave him up to the chief’s messengers.

Then they sat down, bowing their heads, for their souls were very sore. No word did they speak, but they sat in silence and in great sorrow, as they thought of their son whom they had lost for evermore. While they were thus sitting the woman felt something small and hard beneath her hand, and looking upon it she saw that it was a whistle — the whistle of her dead son. Then she held it up, saying, “Here is his whistle,” and with a bitter cry they both fell on their faces and wept aloud.

Now there was an imp who dwelt with them, living in the loft above the fireplace. His name was Ilo-anga, the “Cunning One,” and every evening they put food for him upon the shelf; for it was his custom to sleep through the day, and by night he guarded the house while they slept, keeping them safe from the evil ones, and from enemies that creep into the house by night. They never saw him, though they were often climbing up after the things that were kept on the loft, but sometimes, when they woke in the night, if they lay still, listening, they could hear him munching his food and chuckling over it; moreover, when he had finished he would clap his hands softly, and sing in a low tone: —

“Good is the yam, and good the taro;
Good is the fish from the salt sea-water;
Good is the love of the Man that’s Lucky;
Good is the cooking of Faei-puaka!”

So on this day the imp was sleeping on the loft when he was roused by their bitter weeping, and said, “What is this? What is the matter? Why are you thus weeping?”

And when they heard his voice they were afraid, for never before had they heard him speak aloud, so they kept silence and answered not a word.

Then the imp tapped the floor of the loft, and said, “Do you hear there, O Lucky One, O wife of the Lucky One? Do you hear? What is the matter that you are thus weeping? Tell me, for am I not the Cunning One, Ilo-anga?”

Then they feared no longer, for they knew that he was their friend; and the woman answered —

“We are weeping, sir, because of our boy — our seventh child — he who used so often to climb up to the loft with your food.”

“What about him? “ asked the imp in an anxious voice. “ Is he ill? or has he perhaps fallen from a tree? or what other evil has befallen him?”

“Alas! sir,” answered the man, “it is worse than that: the chief has eaten him; and now we live in fear, for our turn will soon come round again. Wretched parents that we are!”

“ Why did I bring forth children?” cried the wife. “ What is the good of them to me, miserable woman that I am? There were eight; there are now but seven, and soon will the house be empty, for the hunger of our lord is not satisfied.”

Thus they bemoaned themselves, and the sound of weeping came down also from the loft above the fireplace, for the imp pitied them.

“ Weep not,” said he; “weep not, O Lucky One! weep not, O wife of the Lucky One! for I will save your children. A strange thing will come to pass to-night. Therefore, fear not; for is not the Cunning One your friend?”

Glad then was the heart of the Man of Luck; and he said: “Let not your soul be small, my wife, for the Cunning One will help us, and our children shall live.”

But his wife refused to be comforted. “Alas!” sobbed she, “what can he do? They will die. They will be eaten. No one can save them,” and she wept more bitterly than ever.

Then there was a rustle and stir among the things in the loft above the fireplace; and the voice of the imp came angrily down to their ears.

“What words, perchance, are these?” said he sternly. “Am I not the Cunning One? He that is eaten is dead, and we cannot save him; but the living shall live. Have I not said it: I, the Cunning One?”

Then the woman dared weep no more; but she wept still in her heart, for she disbelieved his words. When darkness came over the land, they put the imp’s food up in the loft, and lay down to sleep among their children; and in the middle of the night great pains took hold of the wife, and she woke her husband, saying, “Rise, husband, rise and go for the midwife, for I am very ill.” But the man laughed and said, “Surely you are dreaming, my wife” — for they were both very old, and their youngest child was a big lad. But the woman cried all the more, beseeching him to go; till at length he went, though indeed he was ashamed, for he said, “Now will they laugh at me;” and he went wandering through the town, not daring to do as he was bid. Then came to his mind the words of the imp, “A strange thing will come to pass to-night,” and he said, “Lest this perhaps should be it! Truly nothing could be stranger; for I am old, and my wife is old likewise.” So he went at once to the house of the midwife, and begged her to come quickly to his wife. Then the midwife and her husband laughed at him, and mocked him; but he said, “Listen but a little while to me,” and told them all that had happened. “And now,” said he, “love us and come to my wife; for who knows what the Cunning One is about to do?”

When the midwife heard this, she said, “Let us go;” and they two went together through the night. Stepping softly into the house they heard the imp singing in the loft above the fireplace, and this is the song that he sung —

“Great now is the grief of Faei-puaka,
Though great her grief her joy shall be greater;
Not grievous are tears that are followed by laughter,
One is dead, but alive shall be saved the seven. —
One and two, and three and four, and five and six, and seven and eight!”

Then the midwife went in behind the screen, and the Lucky One sat down with his children in the middle of the house. Not long had he waited before he heard, within the screen, a strange squeaking and squealing, and the midwife cried out, “I am afraid! There are eight! Oh, their cheeks, their feet, the length of their noses! What are these, O Cunning One? My fear is great.”

Then the imp laughed down from the loft above the fireplace, “Fear not, helper of women,” said he, “for this is the thing that I promised to these two wretched ones. Now shall their children live. Rise up, O Lucky One, and build a little fence in the midst of your house for the creatures which I have now brought to you. Their name is ‘Pig’: they shall grow large and fat; and they shall be for the chiefs food, so that your children may live. They will also multiply exceedingly; therefore be not covetous, keeping them all for yourself, but give of them to the strangers who come sailing hither, that they may take them to their own lands, and eat them instead of eating one another, lest they all perish from off the face of the earth through cannibalism.”

These were the words of the imp, and the Man of Luck followed them, building a fence for the pigs, wherein they stayed till they grew large, and fat, and strong; and then he made a great fence for them out of doors, wherein they multiplied exceedingly, according to the words of the imp. Great was the joy of the chief when he tasted the first pig that the Man of Luck brought him, saying, “This, my lord, is our offering, which the gods have sent us: our offering, my lord, that our children may live.” Great also was the joy of the Samoans, and they said, “Two good things have the gods now sent us one, that our children shall no more perish in the ovens; and the other, that our hungering after flesh is at an end for ever more. True indeed is the saying, ‘A full house is the house of the Man of Luck.’ Blessed be the Lucky One, and blessed be Faei-puaka ; for they have saved us alive—us and our children also.”

Moreover, the Man of Luck was obedient to the words of the imp in the matter of giving pigs to strangers, so that when the men of Tonga came to Samoa, seeking the shell of the turtle, he gave them pigs, which they took back with them to their king. And, when they returned a second time, he gave them more, which they brought with them in their flight to Fiji, when they fled hither from the wrath of the Lord of Tonga, because they lied to him about the turtle.

And this is how the Samoans got their pigs.


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The Story of the Sun-Child

The tale tells of the Sun-child, born to a beautiful, hidden maiden loved by the Sun. Mocked by other boys for his unknown father, he learns of his divine parentage and sets out to meet the Sun. Despite warnings, he disobeys his father’s instructions, seeking “Monuia” from the Moon. His impatience leads him to unwrap the gift at sea, causing his tragic death as fish overwhelm him.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Prophecy and Fate: The Sun-child’s destiny is influenced by his divine parentage, leading him on a predetermined path to seek out his father.

Trials and Tribulations: The Sun-child faces challenges, including mockery from peers and the perilous journey to meet his father.

Tragic Flaw: The Sun-child’s impatience and disobedience lead to his untimely death, serving as a cautionary element in the tale.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

In the old days there was a great chief in Tonga, whose name has not come down to us; and he had a daughter whose name also has not been told us by our fathers, so that we always speak of her as the Mother of the Sun-child (Jiji-matailaa).

Now this girl was beautiful exceedingly, and her father hid her from the eyes of men, so that none should look upon her; for he had never seen one whom he thought worthy to be her husband.

Down on the sea-beach he built a fence, thick and strong and high, and this was where the Mother of the Sun-child used to go down and bathe.

► Continue reading…

Every day she bathed herself in the salt water, till she grew wondrous fair; and amongst all the daughters of men there was not one so beautiful as the Mother of the Sun-child. After bathing it was her custom to lie down for a time upon the clean white sand within the fence, that she might rest for a while, and that her body might be dry. So it came to pass that the Sun looked upon her, and saw her, and loved her; and in the course of time a child was born to her, whose name she called the Sun-child.

And the child grew up into a fine lad, comely and strong; proud, too, was he, and given to strike other children, like the son of a great chief. So one day, when all the town lads were playing together in the public square, some of them did something that was displeasing to the Sun-child, whereupon he beat them with a stick till his arm was weary and their bodies were sore.

Then the lads rose up against him, saying, “Who perchance, then, are you, child of the Sun? Why should you take upon yourself to beat us? We know who are our fathers; but you — you have no father: you are but a ‘child of the path,’ a bastard!”

Then was the boy eaten up by a devouring rage. Gladly would he have leaped upon them and killed them, but he could not stir, so great was his rage; his voice, too, was choked, and his eyes filled with angry tears.

Thus he stood, glaring upon them, till, with a sudden cry, he turned and fled away to his home. And seeing there his mother within the house, he rushed up to her, seizing her by the arm, and cried aloud, “What is this, mother, that the boys of the town have been saying to me? Who, then, is my father?” and, with a loud and bitter cry, he burst into a passion of tears.

“Hush, my son,” said his mother. “The boys of the town are liars. Let not your soul be small because of their words, for you are the child of a greater chief than they.”

“Who, then, is my father?” asked the lad once more, looking up with streaming eyes; and his mother laughed a scornful laugh as she answered.

“Who, then, are the boys of the town, that they should despise my son? They are the children of men, but you are the child of the Sun; he is your father.” And she told him all.

Then was the heart of the Sun-child glad within him, and, dashing away his tears, he cried: “I scorn them, these children of men! No more will I talk with them, or live with them. Good-bye, mother, for I am going to my father.” And, with a proud step, he went on his way, not even turning his head when his mother called after him; so she watched him going, till the forest hid him from her sight, and after that she saw him no more for ever.

For the lad went along through the dark wood till he came to where his canoe was lying on the beach, and there, sitting down, he made for himself a sail of magi-magi or sinnet, plaited out of coconut fibre, and, when the tide came in, he launched his canoe and sailed away to visit his father the Sun.

It was morning when he hoisted his sail and steered towards the east, where the sun was rising; but, as he sailed along, it rose higher and higher above his head; and he shouted aloud, but his father heard him not. Then he tacked, and stood over to the west, whither the sun was hastening; but, though the wind was fair, he was too late, and his father dived down beneath the waters before he could come near enough to speak with him; so that he was left alone in the midst of the sea.

Then he thought within himself: “It is in the east that my father climbs up out of the water. I will now go back and wait for him there.” So he tacked again, sailing all night towards the east, and when morning dawned he saw the Sun close to him, and shouted aloud, just as it was rising above the waves, “Father, father; here am I!”

“Who are you? “ asked the Sun, still climbing up into the sky.

“I am the Sun-child,” cried the lad. “You know me. I am your son, and my mother is left behind in Tonga. Stay but a little, my father, and talk with me.”

“I cannot stay,” said the Sun, still rising higher and higher, “for the children of earth have already seen my face, and how then can I stay to talk with you? If you had only been here a little earlier! Farewell, my son, for I must go.”

“Stay, my father,” cried the Sun-child. “It is easy, even though the children of earth have seen you. Hide but your face behind a cloud, and then you can come down to me here.”

Then the Sun laughed, and said, “Truly you are wise, my child; great is your wisdom, though you are but a boy.” So he called up a cloud, behind which he slipped down again to the sea, and there greeted his son, asking him about his mother, and telling him many useful things, which it would be well for us to know, but the knowledge whereof we have lost through this lad’s disobedience.

At last he told him that he could stay no longer. “And now, my son,” said he, “listen to my words. Stay about here till the night comes over the waters, and then you will see your aunt, the Moon, my sister. When she begins to rise out of the sea, call out to her and tell her to give you one of the two things which she has in keeping. One of them is called ‘Melaia,’ and the name of the other is ‘Monuia.’ Ask her for ‘Melaia,’ and she will give it to you. Remember now my words, and follow them, that it may be well with you; for know that evil will assuredly befall you if you are disobedient.”

So the Sun leaped up above the black cloud, and the world was glad, but the children of men said one to another —

“Surely the Sun is climbing up into the sky more slowly to-day than on other days;” and the Sun-child furled his sail, and, lying down in the folds thereof, slept till evening.

Then he woke up again and hoisted his sail, in readiness to hasten to the spot where he should first see the brightness of his aunt’s face, so that he was close upon the Moon before she could rise above the waters; and she cried, “Luff! Luff! child of the earth. Luff! or you will pierce my face with the sharp stem of your canoe,”

But the Sun-child kept his canoe away a little with the steering-oar, so that he almost touched the Moon’s face in passing; and then luffing suddenly into the wind, he shot up alongside of her, and caught her with a firm hold, saying, “I am no child of the earth. The child of your brother, the Sun, am L My name is the Sun-child, and you are my aunt.”

“Are you indeed the Sun-child?” asked the Moon in great surprise. “Truly this is a wonderful thing. But loosen your hold, my nephew, for you are pinching me.”

“Ah, but,” said the lad, “ if I let you go you will leave me; and then how am I to get that from you for which my father told me to ask?”

“Indeed I will not leave you, my nephew,” said the Moon with great earnestness. “Truly my heart is glad that you are come. Only let go your hold, for indeed it hurts.” So the Sun-child loosed his hold.

“But what was it,” continued the Moon, “ that your father told you to ask of me?”

Now the Sun-child had made up his mind not to act according to his father’s words; for indeed it was his custom to be disobedient — a high-spirited, headstrong boy was he — so he said —

“My father told me to ask for ‘ Monuia.’ “

“For ‘Monuia ‘!” cried his aunt. “’Monuia’! Do you not perhaps forget, my nephew, your father’s words? Was it not ‘Melaia’ that he told you to ask for?”

“Indeed it was not,” said the lad stoutly. “He told me that ‘Melaia’ was to stay with you, and that I should have ‘Monuia.’ “

“Truly that is strange,” said the Moon musingly. “Surely the Sun cannot hate the boy, and wish to kill him. Nevertheless I must obey his commands. You shall have ‘Monuia,’ my nephew. See, it is but a little thing. It is here wrapped up in this piece of cloth. Now I wrap it in another wrapper, and fasten it with this string, winding it many times around, so that it cannot come loose of itself. Take it, my nephew, and remember these my words: Loose not the string, neither unfold the wrapper while you are at sea; but hoist your sail at once, and steer for Tonga. When you have landed then look at ‘Monuia,’ but not before, or a great and terrible evil will befall you.

So she bade him farewell, and climbed up into the sky, whereupon all who were sailing in the midst of the waters shouted for joy, and said, “There is our friend, the Moon. It is only we who go sailing by that know how good she is.”

The girls also, and the boys in the towns, came running out of the houses, crying aloud, “Here is the Moon; come, let us dance together in the public square.” And the Sun-child hoisted his sail and steered away for Tonga.

All that night, and the next day, and the following night also went he sailing over the waters, till on the morning of the second day he saw the land. Then he could wait no longer, for the Sun-child was of a self-willed, impatient spirit; and so he lifted the parcel which his aunt had given him from the bottom of the canoe, and untied the string wherewith it was bound. Then he unrolled the cloth, fold after fold, till he held “Monuia” in his hand. It was a pearl shell, beautiful exceedingly; not white like the shells in our land, but of a shining red, such as had never been seen before, and the like whereof no man has since beheld; and his heart was glad as he thought how the boys of his town would envy him when they saw it hanging round his neck. But while he was thus gazing upon it he heard a great rushing and splashing over the waters, and, looking up, he saw a multitude of fishes swimming hastily towards him — great whales, and sharks, and porpoises, and dolphins, and turtle, and every other kind of fish — a vast multitude. And they leaped upon him in their eagerness to get at “Monuia,” so that in one moment his canoe sank beneath the waves, and the sharks tore him to pieces, so there was an end of the Sun-child.


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How the Fijians Learned to Build Canoes

Old Tui Nayau recounts the tale of Dengei, the Great Serpent, who taught the chosen “Boat-builders” the art of canoe-making, granting them power over Fiji. However, pride led Rokola and Kausam-baria to kill Dengei’s sacred dove. In his wrath, Dengei unleashed a flood, scattering the Boat-builders across Fiji, making them servants. This event, rich in myth, explains Fiji’s canoe-building tradition.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains the origin of canoe-building skills among the Fijians, detailing how the Great Serpent Dengei taught the chosen tribe this art, which significantly influenced their society.

Divine Punishment: Dengei’s wrath manifests when Rokola and Kausam-baria kill his sacred dove, leading him to unleash a devastating flood as retribution for their actions.

Conflict with Authority: The chosen tribe’s defiance against Dengei’s authority, culminating in the killing of his sacred dove, highlights their rebellion against divine command.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by the Lord of Naiau

“They tell me,” said old Tui Nayau, “that you have been to the hill of Kau-vandra, where stands the temple of Dengei, the Great Serpent, In the old times our -fathers feared that spot, and reverenced it greatly, for there dwelt the Great Serpent whom they worshipped. “In those days Bau was not the greatest kingdom in Fiji, as it is now. There were then no boat-builders among us, and our fathers made no canoes, for they knew not how to fashion them. They were living in a wretched way, each tribe dwelling apart in its own land; for there were no canoes to sail from one island to another. So the Great Serpent took pity upon them, and chose a tribe whom he called ‘The Boat-builders,’ and them he taught the art of canoe-building, giving them also the entire rule over Great Fiji, so that in those days they were a great and powerful people, and Bau was of little account.

► Continue reading…

“And indeed it was easy for them to become great, for they alone of all the dwellers in Fiji knew how to build canoes; so that men came from afar, begging to be taken as their servants, that they too might learn how to make the wonderful vessels which would carry men over the waters in safety. Thus, in the course of time, they grew proud and haughty, and were often disobedient to the Great Serpent; but he bore with them, for he loved them well.

“Now the Great Serpent dwelt on the hill of Kau-vandra, in Great Fiji; but all the country round about he gave to the tribe that he had chosen; and they built their town on the top of a high hill, where they dwelt in safety, for no enemy could get at them; and often did the god come among them, and talk with them, teaching them many things, so that they were wiser than all other men. These days were good days, for they dwelt in great peace and plenty.

“When it was evening, the Great Serpent used to go to a cave in the hill of Kau-vandra, and there laid him down to sleep. When he closed his eyes then it was dark, and men said, ‘Night is come over the land;’ when he turned himself over in his sleep, the earth shook, and men said, ‘It is an earthquake;’ and at dawn of day, when he opened his eyes, then darkness fled away, and men said, ‘It is morning.’

“Now there was a beautiful black dove, whose duty it was to awake him when it was morning. It slept always on a ‘Baka’ (or banyan) tree, which grew hard by the mouth of the Great Serpent’s cave, whence its voice, ‘Kru, kru, kru, kru,’ always roused him when it was time for the night to depart, and for the day to come over the land. Then he would get up, and call across the valley to the Boat-builders, saying, ‘Rise up, my children, and work; for the morning has come.’

“Therefore Rokola, chief of the Boat-builders, and Kausam-baria, his brother, hated the dove; for they had grown proud and idle, and they said, ‘Why should we thus work, work, work for ever? Work is for slaves, but we are chiefs, great and mighty. Let our slaves work, for they are many; as for us, we will rest. Come, let us kill the dove; and if the Great Serpent be angry, let him be angry. We will fight with him; for we are many and strong, and he is but one, though he be a god.’

“So they took their bows and arrows, and crept beneath the banyan tree, where the dove was sleeping. Then said Rokola to his brother, ‘I will shoot first. If I miss, then do you shoot;’ and his brother replied, ‘It is well. Shoot. I am ready.’ So Rokola shot, and his arrow pierced the breast of the dove, so that it fell dead to the ground, and the two brothers fled away to their town.

“When the Great Serpent awoke from his sleep, he wondered that he did not hear the voice of his dove; so he came forth from his cave, and looked up into the banyan tree, saying, ‘Ah, lazy one, must it be my business to wake you nowadays? But where are you?’ for he saw that she was not in the tree, on the branch where she always sat.

“Then, looking on the ground, he spied the dove, with the arrow sticking in her breast. Great was his grief for the dove, and great also was his rage; for he knew the arrow of Rokola, and, shouting across the valley with a terrible voice, he cried, ‘Woe to you, Rokola, and unto you all, O Boat-builders, ungrateful ones, because you have killed my dove! Now is your kingdom taken away, and given to the children of Bau. And I will scatter you among all the peoples of Fiji, making you their servants.’

“But the Boat-builders shouted back across the valley: ‘We fear you not, Great Serpent. We are many, and you are but one, though you be a god. Come, let us fight together. As we have served your dove, so also will we serve you; for we fear you not. Great Serpent, though you be a god.’ And they built a war-fence, strong, and wide, and high; whilst the Great Serpent sat on the hill of Kau-vandra, mocking them, and crying aloud, ‘Build your fences strong. Carry them up to the sky; for a god is your enemy.’ They also defied him, for they trusted in their war-fence, and in their numbers.

“When they had finished, Rokola shouted across the valley, ‘It is done. Come, let us fight, that our children may say in the days hereafter, “Our fathers ate the Great Serpent, the god who lived on the hill of Kau-vandra.” ‘

“Then the god arose in his wrath, and threw his club up into the sky; and the clouds were broken in pieces, and fell down to the earth in a deluge of rain. Many days did the rain continue — it was not like the rain which now falls upon the earth, but a great and terrible pouring out of waters — and the sea rose, flowing in over the land, a dreadful sight. Higher and ever higher rose the wave, till it swept away the war-fence of the Boat-builders, and their town with all its people. Rokola and many more were drowned; but many also (some two thousand, perhaps) floated away on trees and rafts and canoes, drifting along hither and thither over the waters, till they landed, some here and some there, on the mountain tops which were still above the waves, and begged their lives of the dwellers in the lands, who had fled thither before the rising waters. So that, when the sea went back again to its own place, they were taken down into the valleys in every kingdom, and became the servants of the chiefs, building their canoes, as at this day.

“As for the banyan tree, on which the dove used to sit, it was carried away by the great flood to Vatu-lele. Now Vatu-lele, in those days, was nothing but a reef, like Navatu, with no land upon it; but so much earth was still clinging to the roots of the banyan tree, that it became a land, and men came and dwelt thereon. “And this is how we, the men of Fiji, learned to build our canoes.”


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How the Tongans Came to Fiji

This tale recounts how the Tonga men came to Fiji. A Samoan fisherman, Lekambai, was swept to the Sky-king’s land, where he was aided by a turtle to return home. After the turtle’s tragic death, its shell was buried deep. Tongans later retrieved the shell but lost a piece, leading them to wander until settling in Fiji, where they worshipped the turtle shell.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Journey to the Otherworld: Lekambai’s voyage to the Sky-king’s land represents a traversal into a realm beyond the ordinary world.

Cultural Heroes: Lekambai’s experience and the Tongans’ subsequent settlement in Fiji position them as foundational figures influencing societal development.

Sacred Objects: The turtle shell, worshipped by the Tongans in Fiji, serves as a powerful artifact imbued with symbolic significance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by Ratu Taliaitupou, Lord of Naiau

THIS is the account of how the Tonga men came to Fiji. In the old days a Samoan went out in his canoe to fish; and, while he was fishing, a great storm arose, which drove him far out to sea, and came near to swamp his canoe in the waves. Then, when the sun went down, and the land was dark, he said, “Why do I kill myself with baling? It is useless. Let me now sink down in the waters and die.” So he left off baling, and the canoe filled with water; but, just as it was ready to sink, a great wave lifted it and threw it against a rock, to which the man clung, while his canoe floated away till it was dashed to pieces. Then this Samoan, whose name was Lekambai, climbed and climbed up this rock; but still he could find no dwelling-place, nor food, nor drink, excepting that he found, here and there, a little water in the hollows of the rock: so, after climbing many days, he was weak and ready to die.

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Now was the earth hidden from his sight because of the great height to which he had climbed; and he could see nothing but the sun by day, and the moon and the stars by night, while the clouds lay far beneath his feet: and still, as bending his head backwards he looked up, he could see no end to the great black rock. Yet, however. he went climbing on, higher and ever higher, till in the middle of the night his strength failed him; and, fainting, he fell to the ground.

When his spirit came back to him again he looked up, and saw that he was in a pleasant land, full of trees and sweet-smelling flowers, whereon the sun was shining brightly; but there were no coconut trees, nor could he see any man. Then he began to weep bitterly, as he thought of his home and his friends, and how that he would see them no more.

Now this land to which he had climbed was the Sky; and the Sky-king heard his weeping, and said, “You wretched man there! Why are you weeping?”

“I am weeping, sir,” answered he, “because I am a stranger in a strange land. My country is Samoa, and I know that I shall see it no more for ever.”

Then did the Sky-king pity him, and said, “Weep not, for you shall see your land again, and your wife, and your children, and your friends. See this turtle. Get on its back, and it will carry you safe to Samoa. Only mind this, when it begins to move, do you hide your face in your hands, and look not up again till the turtle crawls ashore. Know now that, if you do not follow my words, a great and terrible evil will befall you. And when you reach your land remember to give the turtle a coconut and a coconut-leaf mat, of the kind called ‘tambakau,’ that we may plant the nut, and learn how to make mats out of its leaves; for we have none in this our country. Go now, the turtle is ready.”

So Lekambai thanked the Sky-king and promised faithfully to remember all his words; then, hiding his face in his hands, he mounted upon the turtle’s back, whereupon it leapt at once with him down into the sea, into which they fell with a great splash, sinking down deep into the midst of the waters, till Lekambai was nearly choked for want of breath; but still he remembered the words of the Sky-king, and kept his hands tight over his eyes.

Then the turtle rose again to the surface, and went swimming swiftly over the waves with Lekambai on its back, covering his eyes with his hands, lest he should look up and die. Many voices sounded in his ears, persuading him to uncover his eyes; but he would not. The sharks called after him, and said, “We are coming! We, the sharks, are coming to eat you!” but still he covered his eyes. The wind howled past him, screaming into his ears, “I am strong! I will blow you off into the sea.” The waves roared, as he went sailing over them, “Yet will we swallow you up,” and the dolphin, more cunning than any other fish, leaped high out of the water close to him, and said, “See! Here comes sailing a canoe from your own land, from Samoa. It is your friends looking for you;” but still Lekambai covered his eyes tightly with his hands, for he feared the words of the Sky-king.

All night they went on swiftly over the waters; and when morning dawned a great bird flew past, crying aloud, “Lekambai! Lekambai! Look up, for Samoa is in sight.” But he would not; and presently his feet struck against the ground, and the turtle crawled up on the beach. Then he looked up and found that he had landed close to his own town; so he leaped to the ground, and ran in amongst his friends, who welcomed him back as one from the dead, weeping over him for joy that he had returned once more — he whom they had mourned, as lost, for so long a time.

So it fell out that he forgot the turtle, thinking of nothing but his wife and his children and his friends who were thronging around, kissing him, and weeping over him, and asking many questions, so that it was long before he thought again of the turtle; and then he remembered the mat and the coconut which he had promised to the Sky-king: whereupon he ran down again to the beach, and found that the turtle was gone, for it had grown tired of waiting and hungry, and had therefore swum off a little way along the reef (as far, perhaps, as from here to Nuku-nuku) to look for some seaweed to eat; and there some of the townsfolk saw it, and speared it, and killed it.

Now Lekambai, when he could not find the turtle, ran along the beach in great fear, looking for it; and when he came to the place where the fishing canoes were at anchor, he found it lying dead upon the beach, while his townsmen were heating an oven wherein to cook it.

Then was he very sorry; great was his grief; and he said, “What is this you have done, my friends? An evil thing, a wretched thing! You have killed my friend — he who brought me hither over the sea. What shall I do? How can I now send my gifts to the Sky-king? lau-e, lau-g! A miserable man am I!” And they wept together.

Then said Lekambai, “Useless now is our weeping. Put out the fire in the oven, and let us dig it deeper down to form a grave, and therein let us bury the turtle that you have killed. Oh, evil day!”

So they dug the grave, digging it deep — very deep, such as had never been dug before; for they were five days digging it, and they had to put down the stem of a tall coconut palm as a ladder whereon they might climb up with the earth from the grave; and at the bottom, on the sixth day, they laid the turtle, burying also therewith a mat and a coconut, which were the gifts asked for by the Sky-king.

Now all this time the Sky-king was wondering that the turtle did not come back again, after carrying Lekambai to Samoa; therefore he sent a sandpiper to see what was the matter; and the sandpiper came by, just as they were covering in the grave. So he swept down amongst the crowd, brushing with his wings the head of a lad called Lavai-pani, and then returned to make his report to the Sky-king.

Now from that time Lavai-pani remained a child. That generation passed away, and the next, and a third, and still he was the same as on the day when the turtle was buried in the deep grave, and when the sandpiper brushed his head with its wings. Little children grew old, and greyheaded, and died; their children also, and their grandchildren passed away, but Lavai-pani was still but a boy: and so, when many years were gone by, the Samoans forgot where the turtle was buried; for he only among them all knew the place of its grave, and he was silent.

Then, in the after days, this tale came to the ears of the King of Tonga; and he said to his people, “Sail now away to Samoa, and bring me the shell of that turtle, that I may make therewith fish hooks, such as our grandfathers formerly employed. Good enough for you are the shells of turtles which we find in our land; but for me, the great King, let there be hooks made from the shell of the turtle which came down from heaven.”

So a big canoe sailed, full of men, and the messenger reported the words of the King to the people of Samoa; but they laughed, and said, “It is an idle tale. Your sailing is in vain. There is not one among us who knows the place where the turtle is buried; and how, then, can we find its shell?” Therefore, the Tongans went back again to their land, and reported this to their King. But, when he heard their report, his rage was great; and he said, “You, O disobedient ones! Loose not your sail from the mast to bring it ashore; but hoist it again at once, and bring me the shell of that turtle. Why should you wish to die?” So they sailed away in sorrow and great fear.

When they came again to Samoa, all the people gathered together, and inquired of the old men as to where was the grave of the turtle which had come down from heaven, but none of them knew. This only they knew — that their fathers had told them how it had brought Lekambai over the waters to their land, but as to its burial-place, not one of them could tell where it was. Then Lavai-pani, the silent one, stood up and said, “Let not your souls be small, ye chiefs from Tonga. I can show you the grave of the turtle, for I was there when it was buried.” But they were angry, and cried out, “What words are these? Have you brought this lad hither to mock us? Here are men whose heads are grey, they can remember nothing about the turtle; and this impudent one — a boy, a child — tells us that he saw it buried. What words perchance are these?”

Then said the Samoans, “We know not whether he be a child or not. He is not one of this generation. When our old men were boys, he was a boy among them; and their fathers said that he was the same in their time also. Let us listen to his words, for never before have we heard him speak.”

When the Tongans heard this, they wondered and were silent; but the boy said, “Come, let us go to the grave of the turtle.” And he took them to the place, saying, “Here was the turtle buried. Dig here, and you will find its shell.”

So they dug till the sun went down, but found nothing; and cried out in anger, “This is a deceiver. He is mocking us. Where, then, is the turtle-shell, that we may take it to our King and live?”

But Lavai-pani laughed, and turned to his people, saying, “See, now, the foolishness of these Tongans! Twice have they sailed hither across the waters from their land to get this shell, and now they have not patience to dig for it. Five days were our fathers in digging this grave, and do you expect to find the shell to-day? Dig four days more, and you will find it.”

So they continued digging, and on the evening of the fifth day they found the shell and the bones of the turtle; and great then was their joy, for they said, “Now we live!”

Then they went sailing back to Tonga, carrying with them the shell. Twelve pieces thereof they gave to the King, but the thirteenth they kept for themselves, hiding it. So the King was angry, and said, “Here are only twelve pieces. Where, then, is the thirteenth? See, here is one piece missing, for the shell is not whole.” And they said, “It is true, sir, that there were thirteen pieces; but the men of Samoa said to us, ‘Take you these twelve to the great chief, your King, and let the thirteenth stay with us.’ But we answered, ‘Not so; we will have all the shell.’ Then were they angry, and said to us, ‘Take your twelve pieces, and go. Why should we kill you? ‘ So we feared, for they were many; and the thirteenth piece is still with them.”

But the King glowed with anger, and cried aloud, “Go back this very day, and bring me the piece you have left behind.”

So they sailed again in great fear; and when they were outside the reef, they said, “What shall we do? We cannot go back to Samoa; and if we return to our own land, the King will kill us; let us, therefore, follow the wind, and perhaps it will take us to some land where we may live. Oh evil day! Why did we hide the thirteenth piece and not give it up to our lord the King?”

So they kept away before the wind which was then blowing, and when it shifted, they did not sheet home their sail, but steered always before the wind; and so it fell out that, after many days, they came to Kandavu near Fiji.

Now, Kandavu was then subject to Rewa, and the King of Rewa took them away, giving them land near his town, where their children dwell at this day. A turtle shell also was the god they worshipped till the “lotu” of the white men spread over all these lands.

And this is how the men of Tonga came down to Fiji.


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How the Livuka Men Came Up to Windward

This tale recounts the journey of the Livuka people, descendants of Bauan fishermen, exiled after angering their lords. Guided by divine intervention, they sailed to Lakemba, encountering Lady Langi, a banished princess. Their voyages brought them to new lands like Thithia and Ono, where gods, deceit, and tragedy shaped their fate. The story reflects loyalty, divine will, and loss, with echoes of drowned children’s songs still haunting Ono’s shores.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Conflict with Authority: The Livuka men face challenges with their lords, leading to their exile and subsequent search for a new homeland.

Loss and Renewal: The narrative details the loss of their ancestral home and the renewal found in establishing themselves in new territories.

Echoes of the Past: The haunting songs of drowned children on Ono’s shores serve as a lingering reminder of past tragedies affecting the present.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by Inoke (Enoch) Wangka-Qele

We, the children of Livuka, who live at Lakemba, are not Lakemba men. Our fathers dwelt at Bau, and that was their land till a tribe came over from Great Fiji and fought with them many days, till our fathers’ souls were small within them, and they carried an “ oro” — a peace-offering — to the warriors, and said, “Let us live that we may be your servants.” To this the chiefs answered, “You shall live and be our fishermen:” so our fathers became the fishermen of the children of Bau. This was in the old, old days when we were many, and lived all together in our own land. We were two tribes — the men of Bu-toni, who dwelt on the beach; and the men of Livuka, whose place was on the high ground, whence they were called “Dwellers on the Hill”; and those days were good days, for the Bauans treated us well.

► Continue reading…

They were great men and tall, chiefs and chief-like in their ways, and we loved them, and went with them to their wars, conquering everywhere, so that our land became great and mighty, and all the towns along the coast feared us, and brought us presents, and owned us as their rulers. A great fish was the root of the evil which sprang up between us and the children of Bau, whereby we were driven away from our land — the land of our fathers — and came to be scattered here and there over all Fiji; and this is how it befell. Some of our tribe went out on the reef to fish, and there they speared a fish, great and long, such as had never been seen before, nor did any man know its name — only it was very big, and its flesh was sweet and good Then our people said, “Why should we take this great fish to our lords, the children of Bau? Let us rather eat it ourselves; and let every one keep silence that the thing may not be known, lest our lords be angry, and so evil befall us.” And they ate the fish, and no one said a word about the matter; no, not even the women, so that the thing was not known. But one of our boys took a rib of the fish, and made therewith a bow, for it was long, and tough, and good to make bows withal; his mother, Nabuna, put the roe in her basket for bait, and they two went out together on to the reef to fish. Now, some of the children of Bau also were out on the reef, and they saw the lad shooting at the fish with his bow; so they said, “The bow! its whiteness! See how it shines in the sun!” Then they called the boy. “You, there! Here, show us your bow! Why, this is not wood, nor is it the bone of a man! What is it?” And the lad said: “It is the bone, my lords, of a great fish.” “A great fish! What fish? Who caught it? When was it caught?” What was done with it?”

“We caught it, my lords,” answered the boy. “We speared it out there, and we all ate it in our town. See, there, my mother, Nabuna, she goes carrying its roe in her fish-basket.”

Then were the Bauans angry — great was their anger — and they said, “ Let us kill these impudent fellows, and burn their town.” So they made ready for war, and our people sat in their houses trembling, and the town was filled with their crying, as they said: “Alas! the great fish! Why did we eat it, and not give it to our lords, our lords of Bau? Now, we are all dead men; we are but ‘bokolas’ — bodies for the oven.” And the Bauans came on to the attack; but, just as they began to raise the war-cry, a great wave came slowly in from the sea, rising higher and ever higher as they went on, but stopping when they stopped. Then, while they were wondering as to what the meaning of this great thing could be, the god entered into the priest, who fell down to the ground, shaking and convulsed, and the people gathered round him, waiting to know the mind of the god. And the god said, “Let them not die, the men of Livuka and the men of Bu-toni; let them live. Only drive them out of the land. Let them now see to the fastenings of their canoes, and when that is done let them hoist their sails, and I will take them to the lands whither I wish them to go.” So the Bauans said: “It is well — let them live;” and our people began to bind their canoes, and to make all things ready for sailing.

Now, about this time, this is what was happening at Lakemba. The king had had a great piece of native cloth made for him, and it was laid out on the grass to bleach, for it was not yet painted. Then, one day as he was going to bathe, he said to his daughter Langi, the Sky-Lady, “I am going to bathe. Let it be your business to watch that cloth. If it should rain, make haste and run with it into the house.” And the Lady Langi said: “It is good; let it be my business.” Then the king went away, and his daughter looked up to the heavens, to the north, to the south, to the east, and to the west, and there was not even a little cloud to be seen; so she said, “There will be no rain; I will lie down and sleep in the shade.” And so it was, that while she slept the sky grew black with clouds, and when she awoke the cloth was utterly spoilt by the rain. When her father came back from the bath he was very angry, and cried out, “What is this? You, O idler! you, O sleepyhead I you, O useless one! What have you been doing?” And he flogged her till his arm was weary, and drove her away from the house. Then the Lady Langi went weeping to the beach, and gathered many old coconuts, tying them together till she had built up a great heap below high-water mark, and thereon she sat, waiting for the tide, for the reef was dry. Then, when the tide came in, she floated away out to sea on her heap of nuts before the trade-wind, which was blowing gently, and which carried her onwards towards Ra over the waters, as she sat weeping for her father, and her friends, and her home. Two days she drifted onward, and then she spied a great bird flying towards her from afar, and she was afraid, and hid herself among the nuts. Then the bird flew down and settled on the nuts — a bird great and terrible; and the lady said, “If I stay here, I shall die in the midst of the waters. I will fasten myself to this bird, and perhaps it will carry me to land.” So she tied herself to one of its breast feathers, and presently the bird rose again and flew onwards to Ra, carrying her with it, while the nuts were left drifting on the waves. All the night it flew, and just before the morning dawned it came to Kamba, and there lighted down. Now Kamba in those days had no man dweUing thereon; it was empty, and our fathers used to go thither from Bau in the evenings to set their fish-snares, always returning in the morning to take them up. So, when the Lady Langi found herself upon the ground, she untied herself from the feather, and the great bird flew away, leaving her there alone in an empty land.

When the sun had climbed up a little, an old man, a chief among our people, came over in his canoe from Bau to take up his fish-snares; and walking along the beach he met the Lady Langi. When he saw her he was afraid, for she was tall and fair, and like a great lady, and her look was different from the look of the children of Ra. So he cried out and said, “Who are you? You are a god! Let me live!” And she said, “It is you who are a god: I am but a mortal.” Then the old man asked who she was and whence she came, and she told him all, saying, “I am the daughter of the Lord of Nayau, whose land is Lakemba, and many islands are subject to him.”

“Lakemba! Lakemba!” said the old chief. “Where is Lakemba?”

“Over there, far away where the sun rises;” and then she went on to tell him how the rain had spoilt the cloth, and how she could not endure the anger of the king, and so drifted away on the bundle of nuts that she might die in the midst of the waters, and how the great bird had brought her there to Kamba. Then was the old man full of wonder, and he said, “Truly the gods have sent you to me, and I will take you back to the king your father, and to Lakemba your land; for I am a chief among the ‘Dwellers on the Hill’ and our lords of Bau are angry with us, and the mind of the god has been declared that we should sail away and look for a land wherein to dwell. So now I will take you back to your father, and he will be of a good mind to me for your sake, and give me a land whereon I may dwell with my people. Only know this, that I must hide you at Bau till we are ready to go, and you must lie close in my house; for, if any one sees you or hears your voice, you will die; for they will know by your look and by your tongue that you are a stranger.” So he took her back with him to Bau, and when he was near the land he lowered the sail and rolled therein the Lady Langi, and so carried her up to his house, where he laid her in the sail upon the loft above the fireplace. Then he hurried his men on with their work, fearing lest the lady should be found, and every day he carried her food and drink by stealth; and she lay still and silent for many days till all the canoes were ready for sea. Then he carried her on board, having built a high fence all round the deck-house of his canoe, so that no man could look therein. And there he put her, telling his people that one of the gods had promised to sail with them — only that they must not look into his dwelling-place lest he should be angry and evil should befal them. So they were afraid, and no one dared to look within the fence of the little house, but when they had to pass it they knelt down and crawled lest they should look over the top of the fence and die. And every day the old chief carried the best pieces of their food and put them within the fence for the Lady Langi, so that she dwelt in plenty. The wind was light and the water smooth, and on the second day all the canoes came in safety to Koro; and there the Bu-toni men said, “This land is a good land. Here will we stay. We will go no farther.” So they stayed and became the fishermen of the land, and there they dwell to this day. Thus our fathers went on sailing, some staying here and some there, till those who were left came to Long Island (Vanua Balevu, or Levu). Then they said to the old chief, “Why should we sail — sail — sail continually? Is not this a good and fruitful land? Here let us stay, for why should we die in the midst of the waters?” But the old man said, “No! We will not stay. Let us sail on. There are better lands farther ahead.” But nevertheless his mind was uneasy, and he went in the night to the Lady Langi, and asked her, “Where then is this land of yours? See now we have been sailing many days, and we have not yet found it.” And she said, “Let not your soul be small. It is near. If you sail over there to-morrow you will see an island before the sun goes down. Its name is Thithia, and it is the boundary of our land.” So they sailed, and the wind was fair and took them to Thithia before nightfall. That night they slept on board their canoes, and in the morning they went ashore, the old chief last, taking the Lady Langi with him because they had now come within the boundaries of her father’s land. Now as they were walking along the beach the Thithia women met them with nets in their hands, for they were going out on the reef to fish; and among them was an old woman who had lived long at Lakemba, and who knew the Lady Langi well. So, when she saw her with the Livuka men, she wondered and said, “How like the Lady Langi is that strange lady! Her very face!” Then went she down to the Livuka women and said, “Tell me, is that our Lady Langi whom you have brought? She for whose death we have wept and mourned these many days?”

And they answered scornfully, “You and your Lady Langi! What have we to do with your Sky-Lady? We have brought none of your ladies. Our god only have we carried with us, and he is still on board.” But now the old woman was near to the girl, and saw her and knew her, and fell down before her, kissing her feet and crying, “It is our lady, our dear lady! She lives! She lives! She for whom we have mourned and wept! She has come back again!” and she ran up to the town shouting as she went, “Our lady is not dead! She lives! She has come back to us again — our lady, our dear Lady Langi!” Then all the chiefs and the people came running down to the beach, and great was their joy when they saw their lady alive and well; and great too was their love to the men of Livuka because they had brought her back safe and sound. So they made them large presents, building for them a house and filling it with wealth, there to stay till they could come and fetch it.

And on the morrow our fathers hoisted their sails and went on to Naiau, where also the people did as the Thithia men had done, and gave them a house filled with wealth. One night only did our fathers stay at Naiau, and then, the wind being fair, they sailed away to Lakemba and furled their sails at Wangka-talatha, sending five of their number up to the town to report. So these five walked on towards the town with their turbans on, talking loudly, after the manner of chiefs; and the Lakemba men who were working in their gardens saw them, and said to one another, “See the strangers! Where do they come from? The loudness of their voices! Their turbans! They must be chiefs from a land of chiefs!” and they followed them up to the town. When the five reached the town they asked, “Where is the house of the king?” and went straightway thither that they might tell him the news. Now the king was asleep under his mosquito curtains, and the women in the house were all silent that they might not wake him; but these five men asked in a loud voice, “Where is the Lord of Nayau?” And the women answered in a whisper, “The king sleeps.”

“Wake him then,” said the five. But the women were afraid. However, their loud talk woke him out of his sleep, and he came and sat down before them, asking where they were from, and who they were. “You, O chiefs, whence do you come?”

And they said, “From Ra.”

“From Ra! Ra? Where, then, is Ra?”

“We are from Bau,” they answered.

“Bau! And where is Bau?” So they told him about their land.

“Good, now, is our life,” said the king. “We, the men of Lakemba, thought we were the only people in the world, but now we find that there is another kingdom down at Ra, whose name is Bau. Truly the world is larger than we thought it was.”

“The world, sir,” said the Livuka men, “is still larger than that; for besides this your kingdom and that of Bau, there is that of Great Fiji, which is so large that you could not sail round it with a fair wind in four days. There is also Long Island, which is a land great and full of people, and beyond it are the Yasawas, which, however, are but small; and there the earth ends and all beyond is water. We, the men of Livuka, when we dwelt at Bau, thought that there was no land but that which we could see; but now we have seen all the earth in our sailing to this your kingdom, and know that it is very great indeed. Of a truth, sir, the world is large.”

Then was the king full of wonder, and said, “Woi! Woi! These are great things that we hear. Listen, my people, that you may be wise and know more than your fathers knew. And you, O chiefs, what good thing was it that sent you sailing to this poor land of mine?”

Then the orator, the salt of words, made his report, and told the king how they had come sailing from Bau, bringing with them his daughter, the Lady Langi, that they might rejoice and be glad with him. But the mind of the king was troubled, and he said, “Speak not thus, ye strange chiefs — your words are not just — for we have long ago eaten the death-feast, and our eyes are dry after the weeping for my daughter; and now you say, ‘We have brought her with us.’ Why should you speak thus, and make sore my soul?”

Then said our fathers, “Let there not be even so much as a little doubt in your mind as to the truth of our words. Why should we come here bringing a lie? Is it not easy to come at the truth? If we do not bring your child, then let us die.”

Then did their words pierce the soul of the king, and he cried out, “You, O chiefs! You are gods! You are gods! O Bulu, Spiritland, have you brought my daughter back to me? But where is she? Have you really brought her hither to this land?”

“She is here, sir,” answered our fathers. “Our canoes are anchored at Wangka-talatha, and we come now to know your mind as to when we shall bring her up to your lordly town. To-day, or to-morrow, or on that day which shall seem good to the great king.”

Then was the king full of joy, and he said, “Not to-day nor to-morrow, O chiefs. Be of a good mind and wait four days that we may make ready all things for you, and welcome you with feasts and presents, as it is right that you should be welcomed, you the great chiefs whom the gods have sent us.” And our fathers said, “Good is the word of the king. We will wait. And now we will go back to our canoes.”

So on the fifth day, when the tide was high, they poled their canoes along the shallows from Wangka-talatha up to the beach below the town, bringing with them the lady, the Lady Langi, and singing the song of the god “Roko-ua.” And on the beach all the Lakemba men were gathered together, waiting to receive their lady, and every one who had a canoe leapt on board, two men to each canoe, in a long line from the shore; and, joining their hands, they made a path for the Lady Langi that she might walk thereon to the land. And down to the shore they brought a bale of native cloth, one end of which lay in the water; and they unrolled the bale as the lady went forward, so that it was her path up to the town, whither the chiefs led her with great respect. And the children of Livuka followed, dancing the dance of spears, and singing the song of the god.

Great was the feasting, and rich the presents given to our fathers. Land also was given them, whereon they built the town of Livuka, where we have dwelt to this day; and hot was the friendship between them and the children of Lakemba, though it was not long before they began to be evil-minded the one towards the other, and war sprang up between them. But if you wish to hear the tale of that war, and how our fathers attacked and took Kendi-kendi, the town of the king, you must ask the Chief Sakinsa, for he knows it all, having heard all about it from his fathers; and his mind is even as a book, wherein are written plainly all things that the men of Livuka did in the old, old days.

Well — we were many, and the land was small; so our fathers said: “Let some of us go on board our great canoe with our wives and our children, and sail farther on; for it may be that the gods will give us a dwelling-place in the lands to windward.” So they sailed and came to Oneata, and danced there the dance of spears. From Oneata they hoisted their sails, steering for Vatoa, and there, too, they danced the dance of spears; but the land did not please them, nor could they see any other farther on, though they climbed to the top of the highest hill. Then they said, “This is the end of the earth. There is now nothing but water beyond this land. Let us go on board and sail back again to Lakemba.” But it so fell out that, while they were dancing, two gods, who lived in the hollow stump of a tree, heard the clashing of the spears and the tramp of feet, and the song of the god. So they said, “What is this? What new thing is this?” and put up their heads to look at the strangers. Now there was on board the canoe one of the Livuka men, who did not go on shore with the rest, because he was a leper, and he saw the two gods peeping out of the hollow stump. Then he called loudly to his fellows: “ Ya! Ya! Here! Come here! Make haste!” But they would not come; and still he called till they were angry, and some of the young men ran down to the beach and cursed him for breaking in upon their dance and song. But still he said, “Come here! Come here quickly!” and told them about the two gods that he had seen.

Then they said, “Make haste! Loose the stay of the mast!” and they loosed the stay, and crept up with it in their hands to the hollow stump, hiding themselves behind it, and after they had made a running noose in the end of the rope which they put over the top of the stump, they signed to the rest to go on with the dance of the spears and the song of the god. So the dance and the song went on again, and, as soon as the two gods lifted their heads above the stump, the young men pulled the rope and the gods were caught in the running noose. Then all the men of Livuka came running down brandishing their weapons, and crying, “You two, who have been looking at our dance, you shall both die!”

At this the two gods said, “Let us live, and we will be the gods of your houses.” But our fathers said, “No! We want no gods for our houses. You shall die!”

“Let us live, and we will be the gods of your sailing.”

“No! We sail whithersoever we please. We want no gods for our sailing. You must die!”

“Let us live, that we may be the gods of your wars.”

“No! We hill-dwellers are chiefs. When we are hungry, we kill our enemies. We make war by our own might, and they flee — our enemies, they fly before us. We want no gods to fight our battles. You must die!”

“Let us live, and we will take you to a land whereon you may dwell,” said the gods, weeping bitterly.

“A land! What land?” cried our fathers.

“Its name is Ono,” answered the gods. “A land great and pleasant. See, the wind is now fair. Hoist your sail, and we will take you thither. To-night shall you fasten your canoes to the shore.”

Then said our fathers: “It is well. Take us to Ono, and you shall live. Look now, we will bind you and carry you on board, and if we find you have lied to us, we will eat you.”

So they bound the two gods, and laid them down on the deck of the canoe with their feet towards the land to which they were sailing, and this they did because the two gods told them so to do; but it would have been better if they had not listened to their deceitful words, for then would Ono have been much nearer to Lakemba than it is at this day.

The wind was fair, and not long had they sailed before they saw the land, the land of Ono, and their hearts were glad, for they said, “Here now, at last, have we found a place wherein we may dwell;” but as they neared the shore it went back before them, and they sailed and sailed and sailed, but still the land was far away. Then the old man, the leper, crept forward and watched the two gods, and he found that as the canoe drew near the island, they kicked out with their feet; and when they kicked, the land went backwards, and this is the reason why Ono is now so far from Lakemba.

So he told the rest, and their anger was hot against the two gods, even to striking them with their clubs, so that they cried out and said, “Kill us not; only turn us round that we may not push away the land with our feet.” So they turned the gods round with their feet towards the stern of the canoe, and soon after reached the land, and anchored their canoe within the passage. Then they went ashore, leaving the children on board, and saying to them, “See that you do not loose these two deceitful ones. Watch them well, or they will do you a mischief; and we too, your fathers, we will make you eat of the whip.” So they went ashore, dancing the spear-dance and singing the song of the god; and the people of Ono took them by the hand and welcomed them, and when they had heard their report they gave them much land whereon to dwell, and there they live even to this day.

But, when the elder ones had gone ashore, the two gods began to beg the children to unloose them, saying, “You, O children of chiefs, untie our bonds and we will teach you a song — a new song, a beautiful song.” And the children said, “Let us untie them.” Thus they spoke all but one lad, whose soul was ripe, and he cried, “No, no! Untie them not. Have you already forgotten the words of our fathers? The whip is ready for us!” But they all said, “We will loose their bonds, that we may learn this beautiful song;” so they untied their hands and their feet, and let them go. Then the two gods said, “Do you sit down on the deck, and we two will climb the mast. and sing you our beautiful song.” So the children all sat down, while the two gods climbed the mast and sang: —

“Tuvana inland! Tuvana below!
Nasali is plainly in sight.
Burotu, we two are hiding it.”

These are little islands which you may see from the mast of a canoe in the Ono passage; excepting Burotu, and that we have never been able to find. It has been sometimes seen with the sun shining full upon it; but, when those who have seen it have steered towards it, it has grown fainter and fainter till it has vanished away like a cloud. The Matuku people say that sometimes burnt-out fishing torches of a strange make, with handles of shell, drift ashore on their land, and when they pick them up they say, “See the torches from Burotu!” And we know that in our day the chief called Mara — he who was hanged at Bau for rebellion — swore by the dead that he would find that land, and went sailing after it for many days; but he found it not, nor has any one else ever trodden it since the day that the two gods hid it from our eyes.

Well, they two sang that song to the children; and the children clapped their hands and said, “The song is a good song — the song is a good song.” But all the while the two evil ones were pulling downwards on the mast as hard as they could, and so hard did they pull that they pressed the canoe under water, and all the children were drowned. So that when the Livuka men came down again to the beach their canoe was sunk, and they saw nothing but the dead bodies of the children washed hither and thither by the waves. That was a day of much weeping as they buried their little ones along the shore; and still to this day, when the moon shines by night on the Ono passage, you may hear the voices of the drowned children singing, and this is ever the song which they sing:—

“Tuvana inland! Tuvana below!
Nasali is plainly in sight.
Burotu, they two are hiding it.”


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Fish Stories and Superstitions

Hawaiian fishermen recount a mix of mythical and factual stories about fish, deeply ingrained in their culture. Ancient fishing was governed by kapu laws, often dictated by Ku-ula, the fish god, and enforced by konohiki or aliis. Shallow sea fishing was restricted during kapu periods, marked by hau tree branches along the shore. Offerings of the first fish caught to Ku-ula ensured divine favor and bountiful catches.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The narrative references Ku-ula, the fish god, highlighting the interaction between humans and deities.

Ritual and Initiation: Fishermen performed rituals, such as offering the first fish caught to Ku-ula, to ensure successful fishing endeavors.

Sacred Spaces: The sea and fishing areas are depicted as sacred, governed by kapu laws and marked by hau tree branches, indicating their spiritual significance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


Translated by M.K. Nakuina

The following narration of the different fishes here given is told and largely believed in by native fishermen. All may not agree as to particulars in this version, but the main features are well known and vary but little. Some of these stories are termed mythical, in others the truth is never questioned, and together they have a deep hold on the Hawaiian mind. Further and confirmatory information may be obtained from fishermen and others, and by visiting the market the varieties here mentioned may be seen almost daily. In the olden time certain varieties of fish were tabooed and could not be caught at all times, being subject to the kapu of Ku-ula, the fish god, who propagated the finny tribes of Hawaiian waters.

► Continue reading…

While deep sea fishing was more general, that in the shallow sea, or along shore, was subject to the restrictions of the konohiki of the land, and aliis, both as to certain kinds and periods. The sign of the shallow sea kapu was the placing of branches of the hau tree all along the shore. The people seeing this token of the kapu respected it, and any violation thereof in ancient times was said to be punishable by death. While this kapu prevailed the people resorted to the deep sea stations for their food supply. With the removal of the hau branches, indicating that the kapu was lifted, the people fished as they desired, subject only to the makahiki taboo days of the priest or alii, when no canoes were allowed to go out upon the water.

The first fish caught by a fisherman, or any one else, was marked and dedicated to Ku-ula. After this offering was made, Ku-ula’s right therein being thus recognized, they were free from further oblations so far as that particular variety of fish was concerned. All fishermen, from Hawaii to Niihau, observed this custom religiously. When the fishermen caught a large supply, whether by the net, hook, or shell, but one of a kind, as just stated, was reserved as an offering to Ku-ula; the remainder was then free to the people.

DEIFIED FISH SUPERSTITION

Some of the varieties of fish we now eat were deified and prayed to by the people of the olden time, and even some Hawaiians of to-day labor under like superstition with regard to sharks, eels, oopus, and some others. They are afraid to eat or touch these lest they suffer in consequence; and this belief has been perpetuated, handed down from parents to children, even to the present day. The writer was one of those brought up to this belief, and only lately has eaten the kapu fish of his ancestors without fearing a penalty therefor.

STORY OF THE ANAE-HOLO

The anae-holo is a species of mullet unlike the shallow water, or pond, variety; and the following story of its habit is well known to any kupa (native born) of Oahu.

The home of the anae-holo is at Honouliuli, Pearl Harbor, at a place called Ihuopalaai. They make periodical journeys around to the opposite side of the island, starting from Puuloa and going to windward, passing successively Kumumanu, Kalihi, Kou, Kalia, Waikiki, Kaalawai and so on, around to the Koolau side, ending at Laie, and then returning by the same course to their starting-point. This fish is not caught at Waianae, Kaena, Waialua, Waimea, or Kahuku because it does not run that way, though these places are well supplied with other kinds. The reason given for this is as follows:

Ihuopalaai had a Ku-ula, and this fish god supplied anaes. Ihuopalaai’s sister took a husband and went and lived with him at Laie, Koolauloa. In course of time a day came when there was no fish to be had. In her distress and desire for some she bethought herself of her brother, so she sent her husband to Honouliuli to ask Ihuopalaai for a supply, saying: “Go to Ihuopalaai, my brother, and ask him for fish. If he offers you dried fish, refuse it by all means;–do not take it, because the distance is so long that you would not be able to carry enough to last us for any length of time.”

When her husband arrived at Honouliuli he went to Ihuopalaai and asked him for fish. His brother-in-law gave him several large bundles of dried fish, one of which he could not very well lift, let alone carry a distance. This offer was refused and reply given according to instruction. Ihuopalaai sat thinking for some time and then told him to return home, saying: “You take the road on the Kona side of the island; do not sit, stay, nor sleep on the way till you reach your own house.”

The man started as directed, and Ihuopalaai asked Ku-ula to send fish for his sister, and while the man was journeying homeward as directed a school of fish was following in the sea, within the breakers. He did not obey fully the words of Ihuopalaai, for he became so tired that he sat down on the way; but he noticed that whenever he did so the fish rested too. The people seeing the school of fish went and caught some of them. Of course, not knowing that this was his supply, he did not realize that the people were taking his fish. Reaching home, he met his wife and told her he had brought no fish, but had seen many all the way, and pointed out to her the school of anae-holo which was then resting abreast of their house. She told him it was their supply, sent by Ihuopalaai, his brother-in-law. They fished, and got all they desired, whereupon the remainder returned by the same way till they reached Honouliuli where Ihuopalaai was living. Ever afterward this variety of fish has come and gone the same way every year to this day, commencing some time in October and ending in March or April.

Expectant mothers are not allowed to eat of the anae-holo, nor the aholehole, fearing dire consequences to the child, hence they never touch them till after the eventful day. Nor are these fish ever given to children till they are able to pick and eat them of their own accord.

MYTH OF THE HILU

The hilu is said to have once possessed a human form, but by some strange event its body was changed to that of a fish. No knowledge of its ancestry or place of origin is given, but the story is as follows:

Hilu-ula and Hilu-uli were born twins, one a male and the other a female. They had human form, but with power to assume that of the fish now known as hilu. The two children grew up together and in due time when Hilu-uli, the sister, was grown up, she left her brother and parents without saying a word and went into the sea, and, assuming her fish form, set out on a journey, eventually reaching Heeia, Koolaupoko. During the time of her journey she increased the numbers of the hilu so that by the time they came close to Heeia there was so large a school that the sea was red with them. When the people of Heeia and Kaneohe saw this, they paddled out in their canoes to discover that it was a fish they had never seen nor heard of before. Returning to the shore for nets, they surrounded the school and drew in so many that they were not able to care for them in their canoes. The fishes multiplied so rapidly that when the first school was surrounded and dragged ashore, another one appeared, and so on, till the people were surfeited. Yet the fish stayed in the locality, circling around. The people ate of them in all styles known to Hawaiians; raw, lawalued, salted, and broiled over a fire of coals.

While the Koolau people were thus fishing and feasting, Hilu-ula, the brother, arrived among them in his human form; and when he saw the hilu-uli broiling over the coal fire he recognized the fish form of his sister. This so angered him that he assumed the form of a whirlwind and entered every house where they had hilu and blew the fish all back into the sea. Since then the hilu-uli has dark scales, and is well known all over the islands.

THE HOU, OR SNORING FISH

The hou lives in shallow water. When fishing with torches on a quiet, still night, if one gets close to where it is sleeping it will be heard to snore as if it were a human being. This is a small, beautifully colored fish. Certain sharks also, sleeping in shallow water, can be heard at times indulging in the same habit.

There are many kinds of fish known to these islands, and other stories connected with them, which, if gathered together, would make an interesting collection of yarns as “fishy” as any country can produce.


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The Shark-man, Nanaue

The tale of Nanaue, son of the Hawaiian shark god Kamohoalii, recounts his transformation from a curious child with a shark mouth on his back to a feared man-shark predator. Despite warnings, his upbringing instilled a dangerous appetite for human flesh, causing chaos across islands. Ultimately, he was captured and destroyed in Molokai after wreaking havoc, leaving lasting marks on Hawaiian landscapes and legends.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Tragic Flaw: Nanaue’s inherent craving for human flesh, inherited from his divine lineage, leads to his downfall, illustrating how an intrinsic weakness can result in tragedy.

Conflict with Nature: The narrative showcases the struggle between humans and the natural world, as Nanaue’s predatory actions disrupt communities and provoke fear.

Divine Punishment: Nanaue’s ultimate capture and destruction can be seen as retribution for his transgressions against human society, reflecting the consequences of defying moral boundaries.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Mrs. E.M. Nakuina

Kamohoalii, the King-shark of Hawaii and Maui, has several deep sea caves that he uses in turn as his habitat. There are several of these at the bottom of the palisades, extending from Waipio toward Kohala, on the island of Hawaii. A favorite one was at Koamano, on the mainland, and another was at Maiaukiu, the small islet just abreast of the valley of Waipio. It was the belief of the ancient Hawaiians that several of these shark gods could assume any shape they chose, the human form even, when occasion demanded. In the reign of Umi, a beautiful girl, called Kalei, living in Waipio, was very fond of shellfish, and frequently went to Kuiopihi for her favorite article of diet.

► Continue reading…

She generally went in the company of other women, but if the sea was a little rough, and her usual companion was afraid to venture out on the wild and dangerous beach, she very often went alone rather than go without her favorite sea-shells.

In those days the Waipio River emptied over a low fall into a basin partly open to the sea; this basin is now completely filled up with rocks from some convulsion of nature, which has happened since then. In this was a deep pool, a favorite bathing-place for all Waipio. The King shark god, Kamohoalii, used to visit this pool very often to sport in the fresh waters of the Waipio River. Taking into account the many different tales told of the doings of this shark god, he must have had quite an eye for human physical beauty.

Kalei, as was to be expected from a strong, well-formed Hawaiian girl of those days, was an expert swimmer, a good diver, and noted for the neatness and grace with which she would lelekawa (jump from the rocks into deep water) without any splashing of water, which would happen to unskilful divers, from the awkward attitudes they would assume in the act of jumping.

It seems Kamohoalii, the King-shark, had noted the charms of the beautiful Kalei, and his heart, or whatever answers in place of it with fishes, had been captured by them. But he could not expect to make much of an impression on the maiden’s susceptibilities in propria persona, even though he was perfectly able to take her bodily into his capacious maw; so he must needs go courting in a more pleasing way. Assuming the form of a very handsome man, he walked on the beach one rather rough morning, waiting for the girl’s appearance.

Now the very wildness of the elements afforded him the chance he desired, as, though Kalei was counted among the most agile and quick of rock-fishers, that morning, when she did come, and alone, as her usual companions were deterred by the rough weather, she made several unsuccessful springs to escape a high threatening wave raised by the god himself; and apparently, if it had not been for the prompt and effective assistance rendered by the handsome stranger, she would have been swept out into the sea.

Thus an acquaintance was established. Kalei met the stranger from time to time, and finally became his wife.

Some little time before she expected to become a mother, her husband, who all this time would only come home at night, told her his true nature, and informing her that he would have to leave her, gave orders in regard to the bringing up of the future child. He particularly cautioned the mother never to let him be fed on animal flesh of any kind, as he would be born with a dual nature, and with a body that he could change at will.

In time Kalei was delivered of a fine healthy boy, apparently the same as any other child, but he had, besides the normal mouth of a human being, a shark’s mouth on his back between the shoulder blades. Kalei had told her family of the kind of being her husband was, and they all agreed to keep the matter of the shark-mouth on the child’s back a secret, as there was no knowing what fears and jealousies might be excited in the minds of the King or high chiefs by such an abnormal being, and the babe might be killed.

The old grandfather, far from heeding the warning given by Kamohoalii in the matter of animal diet, as soon as the boy, who was called Nanaue, was old enough to come under the taboo in regard to the eating of males, and had to take his meals at the mua house with the men of the family, took especial pains to feed him on dog meat and pork. He had a hope that his grandson would grow up to be a great, strong man, and become a famous warrior; and there was no knowing what possibilities lay before a strong, skilful warrior in those days. So he fed the boy with meat, whenever it was obtainable. The boy thrived, grew strong, big, and handsome as a young lama (Maba sandwicensis) tree.

There was another pool with a small fall of the Waipio River very near the house of Kalei, and the boy very often went into it while his mother watched on the banks. Whenever he got into the water he would take the form of a shark and would chase and eat the small fish which abounded in the pool. As he grew old enough to understand, his mother took especial pains to impress on him the necessity of concealing his shark nature from other people.

This place was also another favorite bathing-place of the people, but Nanaue, contrary to all the habits of a genuine Hawaiian, would never go in bathing with the others, but always alone; and when his mother was able, she used to go with him and sit on the banks, holding the kapa scarf, which he always wore to hide the shark-mouth on his back.

When he became a man, his appetite for animal diet, indulged in childhood, had grown so strong that a human being’s ordinary allowance would not suffice for him. The old grandfather had died in the meantime, so that he was dependent on the food supplied by his stepfather and uncles, and they had to expostulate with him on what they called his shark-like voracity. This gave rise to the common native nickname of a manohae (ravenous shark) for a very gluttonous man, especially in the matter of meat.

Nanaue used to spend a good deal of his time in the two pools, the one inland and the other opening into the sea. The busy-bodies (they had some in those days as well as now) were set to wondering why he always kept a kihei, or mantle, on his shoulders; and for such a handsomely shaped, athletic young man, it was indeed a matter of wonder and speculation, considering the usual attire of the youth of those days. He also kept aloof from all the games and pastimes of the young people, for fear that the wind or some active movement might displace the kapa mantle, and the shark-mouth be exposed to view.

About this time children and eventually grown-up people began to disappear mysteriously.

Nanaue had one good quality that seemed to redeem his apparent unsociability; he was almost always to be seen working in his mother’s taro or potato patch when not fishing or bathing. People going to the sea beach would have to pass these potato or taro patches, and it was Nanaue’s habit to accost them with the query of where they were going. If they answered, “To bathe in the sea,” or, “Fishing,” he would answer, “Take care, or you may disappear head and tail.” Whenever he so accosted any one it would not be long before some member of the party so addressed would be bitten by a shark.

If it should be a man or woman going to the beach alone, that person would never be seen again, as the shark-man would immediately follow, and watching for a favorable opportunity, jump into the sea. Having previously marked the whereabouts of the person he was after, it was an easy thing for him to approach quite close, and changing into a shark, rush on the unsuspecting person and drag him or her down into the deep, where he would devour his victim at his leisure. This was the danger to humanity which his king-father foresaw when he cautioned the mother of the unborn child about feeding him on animal flesh, as thereby an appetite would be evoked which they had no means of satisfying, and a human being would furnish the most handy meal of the kind that he would desire.

Nanaue had been a man grown some time, when an order was promulgated by Umi, King of Hawaii, for every man dwelling in Waipio to go to koele work, tilling a large plantation for the King. There were to be certain days in an anahulu (ten days) to be set aside for this work, when every man, woman, and child had to go and render service, excepting the very old and decrepit, and children in arms.

The first day every one went but Nanaue. He kept on working in his mother’s vegetable garden to the astonishment of all who saw him. This was reported to the King, and several stalwart men were sent after him. When brought before the King he still wore his kapa kihei or mantle.

The King asked him why he was not doing koele work with every one else. Nanaue answered he did not know it was required of him. Umi could not help admiring the bold, free bearing of the handsome man, and noting his splendid physique, thought he would make a good warrior, greatly wanted in those ages, and more especially in the reign of Umi, and simply ordered him to go to work.

Nanaue obeyed, and took his place in the field with the others, and proved himself a good worker, but still kept on his kihei, which it would be natural to suppose that he would lay aside as an incumbrance when engaged in hard labor. At last some of the more venturesome of the younger folks managed to tear his kapa off, as if accidentally, when the shark-mouth on his back was seen by all the people near.

Nanaue was so enraged at the displacement of his kapa and his consequent exposure, that he turned and bit several of the crowd, while the shark-mouth opened and shut with a snap, and a clicking sound was heard such as a shark is supposed to make when baulked by its prey.

The news of the shark-mouth and his characteristic shark-like actions were quickly reported to the King, with the fact of the disappearance of so many people in the vicinity of the pools frequented by Nanaue; and of his pretended warnings to people going to the sea, which were immediately followed by a shark bite or by their being eaten bodily, with every one’s surmise and belief that this man was at the bottom of all those disappearances. The King believed it was even so, and ordered a large fire to be lighted, and Nanaue to be thrown in to be burnt alive.

When Nanaue saw what was before him, he called on the shark god, his father, to help him; then, seeming to be endowed with superhuman strength in answer to his prayer, he burst the ropes with which he had been bound in preparation for the burning, and breaking through the throng of Umi’s warriors, who attempted to detain him, he ran, followed by the whole multitude, toward the pool that emptied into the sea. When he got to the edge of the rocks bordering the pool, he waited till the foremost persons were within arm’s length, when he leaped into the water and immediately turned into a large shark on the surface of the water, in plain view of the people who had arrived, and whose numbers were being continually augmented by more and more arrivals.

He lay on the surface some little time, as if to recover his breath, and then turned over on his back, and raising his head partly out of the water, snapped his teeth at the crowd who, by this time, completely lined the banks, and then, as if in derision or defiance of them, turned and flirted his tail at them and swam out to sea.

The people and chiefs were for killing his mother and relatives for having brought up such a monster. Kalei and her brothers were seized, bound, and dragged before Umi, while the people clamored for their immediate execution, or as some suggested, that they be thrown into the fire lighted for Nanaue.

But Umi was a wise king and would not consent to any such summary proceedings, but questioned Kalei in regard to her fearful offspring. The grieved and frightened mother told everything in connection with the paternity and bringing up of the child, and with the warning given by the dread sea-father.

Umi considered that the great sea god Kamohoalii was on the whole a beneficent as well as a powerful one. Should the relatives and mother of that shark god’s son be killed, there would then be no possible means of checking the ravages of that son, who might linger around the coast and creeks of the island, taking on human shape at will, for the purpose of travelling inland to any place he liked, and then reassume his fish form and lie in wait in the many deep pools formed by the streams and springs.

Umi, therefore, ordered Kalei and her relatives to be set at liberty, while the priests and shark kahunas were requested to make offerings and invocations to Kamohoalii that his spirit might take possession of one of his hakas (mediums devoted to his cult), and so express to humanity his desires in regard to his bad son, who had presumed to eat human beings, a practice well known to be contrary to Kamohoalii’s design.

This was done, whereupon the shark god manifested himself through a haka, and expressed his grief at the action of his wayward son. He told them that the grandfather was to blame for feeding him on animal flesh contrary to his orders, and if it were not for that extenuating circumstance, he would order his son to be killed by his own shark officers; but as it was, he would require of him that he should disappear forever from the shores of Hawaii. Should Nanaue disregard that order and be seen by any of his father’s shark soldiers, he was to be instantly killed.

Then the shark god, who it seems retained an affection for his human wife, exacted a promise that she and her relatives were to be forever free from any persecutions on account of her unnatural son, on pain of the return and freedom from the taboo of that son.

Accordingly Nanaue left the island of Hawaii, crossed over to Maui, and landing at Kipahulu, resumed his human shape and went inland. He was seen by the people, and when questioned, told them he was a traveller from Hawaii, who had landed at Hana and was going around sightseeing. He was so good looking, pleasant, and beguiling in his conversation that people generally liked him. He was taken as aikane by one of the petty chiefs of the place, who gave his own sister for wife to Nanaue. The latter made a stipulation that his sleeping house should be separated from that of his wife, on account of a pretended vow, but really in order that his peculiar second mouth might escape detection.

For a while the charms of the pretty girl who had become his wife seem to have been sufficient to prevent him from trying to eat human beings, but after a while, when the novelty of his position as a husband had worn off, and the desire for human flesh had again become very strong, he resumed the old practice for which he had been driven away from Hawaii.

He was eventually detected in the very act of pushing a girl into the sea, jumping in after her, then turning into a shark, and commencing to devour her, to the horror of some people who were fishing with hook and rod from some rocks where he had not observed them. These people raised the alarm, and Nanaue seeing that he was discovered, left for Molokai where he was not known.

He took up his residence on Molokai at Poniuohua, adjoining the ahupuaa of Kainalu, and it was not very long before he was at his old practice of observing and accosting people, giving them his peculiar warning, following them to the sea in his human shape, then seizing one of them as a shark and pulling the unfortunate one to the bottom, where he would devour his victim. In the excitement of such an occurrence, people would fail to notice his absence until he would reappear at some distant point far away from the throng, as if engaged in shrimping or crabbing.

This went on for some time, till the frightened and harassed people in desperation went to consult a shark kahuna, as the ravages of the man-eating shark had put a practical taboo on all kinds of fishing. It was not safe to be anywhere near the sea, even in the shallowest water.

The kahuna told them to lie in wait for Nanaue, and the next time he prophesied that a person would be eaten head and tail, to have some strong men seize him and pull off his kapa mantle, when a shark mouth would be found on his back. This was done, and the mouth seen, but the shark-man was so strong when they seized him and attempted to bind him, that he broke away from them several times. He was finally overpowered near the seashore and tightly bound. All the people then turned their attention to gathering brush and firewood to burn him, for it was well known that it is only by being totally consumed by fire that a man-shark can be thoroughly destroyed, and prevented from taking possession of the body of some harmless fish shark, who would then be incited to do all the pernicious acts of a man-shark.

While he lay there on the low sandy beach, the tide was coming in, and as most of the people were returning with fagots and brush, Nanaue made a supreme effort and rolled over so that his feet touched the water, when he was enabled at once to change into a monster shark. Those who were near him saw it, but were not disposed to let him off so easily, and they ran several rows of netting makai, the water being very shallow for quite a distance out. The shark’s flippers were all bound by the ropes with which the man Nanaue had been bound, and this with the shallowness of the water prevented him from exerting his great strength to advantage. He did succeed in struggling to the breakers, though momentarily growing weaker from loss of blood, as the people were striking at him with clubs, spears, stone adzes and anything that would hurt or wound, so as to prevent his escape.

With all that, he would have got clear, if the people had not called to their aid the demigod Unauna, who lived in the mountains of upper Kainalu. It was then a case of Akua vs. Akua, but Unauna was only a young demigod, and not supposed to have acquired his full strength and supernatural powers, while Nanaue was a full-grown man and shark. If it had not been for the latter’s being hampered by the cords with which he was bound, the nets in his way, as well as the loss of blood, it is fully believed that he would have got the better of the young local presiding deity; but he was finally conquered and hauled up on the hill slopes of Kainalu to be burnt.

The shallow ravine left by the passage of his immense body over the light yielding soil of the Kainalu Hill slope can be seen to this day, as also a ring or deep groove completely around the top of a tall insulated rock very near the top of Kainalu Hill, around which Unauna had thrown the rope, to assist him in hauling the big shark uphill. The place was ever afterwards called Puumano (Shark Hill), and is so known to this day.

Nanaue was so large, that in the attempt to burn him, the blood and water oozing out of his burning body put out the fire several times. Not to be outwitted in that way by the shark son of Kamohoalii, Unauna ordered the people to cut and bring for the purpose of splitting into knives, bamboos from the sacred grove of Kainalu. The shark flesh was then cut into strips, partly dried, and then burnt, but the whole bamboo grove had to be used before the big shark was all cut. The god Mohoalii (another form of the name of the god Kamohoalii), father of Unauna, was so angered by the desecration of the grove, or more likely on account of the use to which it was put, that he took away all the edge and sharpness from the bamboos of this grove forever, and to this day they are different from the bamboos of any other place or grove on the islands, in this particular, that a piece of them cannot cut any more than any piece of common wood.


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Kaneaukai: A Legend of Waialua

Two fishermen in ancient Hawaii, praying to Kaneaukai for fish, discovered a wooden idol resembling the god, and later received guidance from a young man claiming to be Kaneaukai. Similarly, two kahunas found a stone idol believed to represent the deity. Through their devotion, they secured abundant fish. Despite efforts to suppress idolatry, beliefs surrounding Kaneaukai persisted, reinforced by local legends and mysterious misfortunes.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Sacred Objects: The fishermen discover a log resembling Kaneaukai, which becomes an object of worship and a conduit for divine interaction.

Divine Intervention: Kaneaukai directly influences the fishermen’s fortunes, providing them with guidance that leads to an abundant catch.

Moral Lessons: The narrative underscores the virtues of faith and devotion, illustrating how sincere worship and belief can lead to divine favor and prosperity.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Thos. G. Thrum

Long ago, when the Hawaiians were in the darkness of superstition and kahunaism, with their gods and lords many, there lived at Mokuleia, Waialua, two old men whose business it was to pray to Kaneaukai for a plentiful supply of fish. These men were quite poor in worldly possessions, but given to the habit of drinking a potion of awa after their evening meal of poi and fish.

The fish found in the waters of Mokuleia were the aweoweo, kala, manini, and many other varieties that find their habitat inside the coral reefs. Crabs of the white variety burrowed in the sand near the seashore and were dug out by the people, young and old.

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The squid also were speared by the skilful fishermen, and were eaten stewed, or salted and sun-dried and roasted on the coals. The salt likely came from Kaena Point, from salt-water evaporation in the holes of rocks so plentiful on that stormy cape. Or it may have been made on the salt pans of Paukauwila, near the stream of that name, where a few years ago this industry existed on a small scale.

But to return to our worshippers of Kaneaukai. One morning on going out upon the seashore they found a log of wood, somewhat resembling the human form, which they took home and set in a corner of their lowly hut, and continued their habit of praying to Kaneaukai. One evening, after having prepared a scanty supper of poi and salt, with perhaps a few roasted kukui-nuts, as a relish, and a couple of cocoanut cups of awa as their usual drink, they saw a handsome young man approaching, who entered their hut and saluted them. He introduced himself by saying, “I am Kaneaukai to whom you have been praying, and that which you have set up is my image; you have done well in caring for it.”

He sat down, after the Hawaiian custom, as if to share their evening meal, which the two old men invited him to partake of with them, but regretted the scanty supply of awa. He said: “Pour the awa back into the bowl and divide into three.” This they did and at once shared their meal with their guest.

After supper Kaneaukai said to the two old men, “Go to Keawanui and you will get fish enough for the present.” He then disappeared, and the fishermen went as instructed and obtained three fishes; one they gave to an old sorceress who lived near by, and the other two they kept for themselves.

Soon after this there was a large school of fish secured by the fishermen of Mokuleia. So abundant were the fish that after salting all they could, there was enough to give away to the neighbors; and even the dogs had more than they desired.

Leaving the Mokuleia people to the enjoyment of their unusual supply of fish, we will turn to the abode of two kahunas, who were also fishermen, living on the south side of Waimea Valley, Oahu. One morning, being out of fish, they went out into the harbor to try their luck, and casting their net they caught up a calcareous stone about as large as a man’s head, and a pilot fish. They let the pilot fish go, and threw the stone back into the sea. Again they cast their net and again they caught the stone and the pilot fish; and so again at the third haul. At this they concluded that the stone was a representative of some god. The elder of the two said: “Let us take this stone ashore and set it up as an idol, but the pilot fish we will let go.” So they did, setting it up on the turn of the bluff on the south side of the harbor of Waimea. They built an inclosure about it and smoothed off the rocky bluff by putting flat stones from the immediate neighborhood about the stone idol thus strangely found.

About ten days after the finding of the stone idol the two old kahunas were sitting by their grass hut in the dusk of the evening, bewailing the scarcity of fish, when Kaneaukai himself appeared before them in the guise of a young man. He told them that they had done well in setting up his stone image, and if they would follow his directions they would have a plentiful supply of fish. Said he, “Go to Mokuleia, and you will find my wooden idol; bring it here and set it up alongside of my stone idol.” But they demurred, as it was a dark night and there were usually quicksands after a freshet in the Kamananui River. His answer was, “Send your grandsons.” And so the two young men were sent to get the wooden idol and were told where they could find it.

The young men started for Mokuleia by way of Kaika, near the place where salt was made a few years ago. Being strangers, they were in doubt about the true way, when a meteor (hoku kaolele) appeared and went before them, showing them how to escape the quicksands. After crossing the river they went on to Mokuleia as directed by Kaneaukai, and found the wooden idol in the hut of the two old men. They shouldered it, and taking as much dried fish as they could carry, returned by the same way that they had come, arriving at home about midnight.

The next day the two old kahunas set up the wooden idol in the same inclosure with the stone representative of Kaneaukai. The wooden image has long since disappeared, having been destroyed, probably, at the time Kaahumanu made a tour of Oahu after her conversion to Christianity, when she issued her edict to burn all the idols. But the stone idol was not destroyed. Even during the past sixty years offerings of roast pigs are known to have been placed before it. This was done secretly for fear of the chiefs, who had published laws against idolatry.

Accounts differ, various narrators giving the story some embellishments of their own. So good a man as a deacon of Waialua in telling the above seemed to believe that, instead of being a legend it was true; for an old man, to whom he referred as authority, said that one of the young men who went to Mokuleia and brought the wooden idol to Waimea was his own grandfather.

An aged resident of the locality gives this version: Following the placement of their strangely found stone these two men dreamed of Kaneaukai as a god in some far-distant land, to whom they petitioned that he would crown their labors with success by granting them a plentiful supply of fish. Dreaming thus, Kaneaukai revealed himself to them as being already at their shore; that the stone which they had been permitted to find and had honored by setting up at Kehauapuu, was himself, in response to their petitions; and since they had been faithful so far, upon continuance of the same, and offerings thereto, they should ever after be successful in their fishing. As if in confirmation of this covenant, this locality has ever since been noted for the periodical visits of schools of the anae-holo and kala, which are prevalent from April to July, coming, it is said, from Ohea, Honuaula, Maui, by way of Kahuku, and returning the same way.

So strong was the superstitious belief of the people in this deified stone that when, some twenty years ago, the road supervisor of the district threw it over and broke off a portion, it was prophesied that Kaneaukai would be avenged for the insult. And when shortly afterward the supervisor lost his position and removed from the district, returning not to the day of his death; and since several of his relatives have met untimely ends, not a few felt it was the recompense of his sacrilegious act.


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