Momotaro

In a time of magic and wonder, an old couple discovers a boy, Momotaro, born from a peach. Growing into a brave young man, he sets off to Ogres’ Island to retrieve their treasure. With the help of a monkey, pheasant, and dog—each won over by millet dumplings—he defeats the ogres, claims their riches, and shares his victory with his loyal companions.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Quest: Momotaro embarks on a journey to Ogres’ Island to retrieve their treasure, showcasing the classic quest motif.

Supernatural Beings: The ogres represent supernatural adversaries that Momotaro must confront.

Good vs. Evil: The battle between Momotaro and the ogres underscores the timeless struggle between good and evil.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


If you’ll believe me there was a time when the fairies were none so shy as they are now. That was the time when beasts talked to men, when there were spells and enchantments and magic every day, when there was great store of hidden treasure to be dug up, and adventures for the asking.

At that time, you must know, an old man and an old woman lived alone by themselves. They were good and they were poor and they had no children at all.

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One fine day, “What are you doing this morning, good man?” says the old woman.

“Oh,” says the old man, “I’m off to the mountains with my billhook to gather a faggot of sticks for our fire. And what are you doing, good wife?”

“Oh,” says the old woman, “I’m off to the stream to wash clothes. It’s my washing day,” she adds.

So the old man went to the mountains and the old woman went to the stream.

Now, while she was washing the clothes, what should she see but a fine ripe peach that came floating down the stream? The peach was big enough, and rosy red on both sides.

“I’m in luck this morning,” said the dame, and she pulled the peach to shore with a split bamboo stick.

By-and-by, when her good man came home from the hills, she set the peach before him. “Eat, good man,” she said; “this is a lucky peach I found in the stream and brought home for you.”

But the old man never got a taste of the peach. And why did he not?

All of a sudden the peach burst in two and there was no stone to it, but a fine boy baby where the stone should have been.

“Mercy me!” says the old woman.

“Mercy me!” says the old man.

The boy baby first ate up one half of the peach and then he ate up the other half. When he had done this he was finer and stronger than ever.

“Momotaro! Momotaro!” cries the old man; “the eldest son of the peach.”

“Truth it is indeed,” says the old woman; “he was born in a peach.”

Both of them took such good care of Momotaro that soon he was the stoutest and bravest boy of all that country-side. He was a credit to them, you may believe. The neighbours nodded their heads and they said, “Momotaro is the fine young man!”

“Mother,” says Momotaro one day to the old woman, “make me a good store of kimi-dango” (which is the way that they call millet dumplings in those parts).

“What for do you want kimi-dango?” says his mother.

“Why,” says Momotaro, “I’m going on a journey, or as you may say, an adventure, and I shall be needing the kimi-dango on the way.”

“Where are you going, Momotaro?” says his mother.

“I’m off to the Ogres’ Island,” says Momotaro, “to get their treasure, and I should be obliged if you’d let me have the kimi-dango as soon as may be,” he says.

So they made him the kimi-dango, and he put them in a wallet, and he tied the wallet to his girdle and off he set.

Sayonara, and good luck to you, Momotaro!” cried the old man and the old woman.

Sayonara! Sayonara!” cried Momotaro.

He hadn’t gone far when he fell in with a monkey.

“Kia! Kia!” says the monkey. “Where are you off to, Momotaro?”

Says Momotaro, “I’m off to the Ogres’ Island for an adventure.”

“What have you got in the wallet hanging at your girdle?”

“Now you’re asking me something,” says Momotaro; “sure, I’ve some of the best millet dumplings in all Japan.”

“Give me one,” says the monkey, “and I will go with you.”

So Momotaro gave a millet dumpling to the monkey, and the two of them jogged on together. They hadn’t gone far when they fell in with a pheasant.

“Ken! Ken!” said the pheasant. “Where are you off to, Momotaro?”

Says Momotaro, “I’m off to the Ogres’ Island for an adventure.”

“What have you got in your wallet, Momotaro?”

“I’ve got some of the best millet dumplings in all Japan.”

“Give me one,” says the pheasant, “and I will go with you.”

So Momotaro gave a millet dumpling to the pheasant, and the three of them jogged on together.

They hadn’t gone far when they fell in with a dog.

“Bow! Wow! Wow!” says the dog. “Where are you off to, Momotaro?”

Says Momotaro, “I’m off to the Ogres’ Island.”

“What have you got in your wallet, Momotaro?”

“I’ve got some of the best millet dumplings in all Japan.”

“Give me one,” says the dog, “and I will go with you.”

So Momotaro gave a millet dumpling to the dog, and the four of them jogged on together. By-and-by they came to the Ogres’ Island.

“Now, brothers,” says Momotaro, “listen to my plan. The pheasant must fly over the castle gate and peck the Ogres. The monkey must climb over the castle wall and pinch the Ogres. The dog and I will break the bolts and bars. He will bite the Ogres, and I will fight the Ogres.”

Then there was the great battle.

The pheasant flew over the castle gate: “Ken! Ken! Ken!”

Momotaro broke the bolts and bars, and the dog leapt into the castle courtyard. “Bow! Wow! Wow!”

The brave companions fought till sundown and overcame the Ogres. Those that were left alive they took prisoners and bound with cords–a wicked lot they were.

“Now, brothers,” says Momotaro, “bring out the Ogres’ treasure.”

So they did.

The treasure was worth having, indeed. There were magic jewels there, and caps and coats to make you invisible. There was gold and silver, and jade and coral, and amber and tortoise-shell and mother-of-pearl.

“Here’s riches for all,” says Momotaro. “Choose, brothers, and take your fill.”

“Kia! Kia!” says the monkey. “Thanks, my Lord Momotaro.”

“Ken! Ken!” says the pheasant. “Thanks, my Lord Momotaro.”

“Bow! Wow! Wow!” says the dog. “Thanks, my dear Lord Momotaro.”


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The Mallet

Two farmer brothers, Cho and Kanè, live very different lives. Cho, a miserly rich man, mistreats his kindhearted but poor brother Kanè. Cho tricks Kanè with dead silk-worm eggs and bad rice, but miraculously, Kanè thrives. Envious, Cho seeks similar luck but instead angers fairies, earning a comically long nose. Kanè’s kindness redeems Cho, and he restores the fairies’ magical mallet to its rightful place.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Cunning and Deception: Cho’s attempts to deceive Kanè with dead silk-worm eggs and bad rice showcase the use of deceit, which ultimately backfires.

Supernatural Beings: The involvement of fairies who bestow and later retrieve the magical mallet introduces elements of the supernatural.

Transformation: Cho’s punishment of developing a comically long nose serves as a physical transformation symbolizing the consequences of his greed.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


There were once two farmer men who were brothers. Both of them worked hard in seed-time and in harvest-time. They stood knee-deep in water to plant out the young rice, bending their backs a thousand times an hour; they wielded the sickle when the hot sun shone; when the rain poured down in torrents, there they were still at their digging or such like, huddled up in their rice-straw rain coats, for in the sweat of their brows did they eat their bread. The elder of the two brothers was called Cho. For all he laboured so hard he was passing rich. From a boy he had had a saving way with him, and had put by a mint of money.

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He had a big farm, too, and not a year but that he did well, what with his rice, and his silk-worms, and his granaries and storehouses. But there was nothing to show for all this, if it will be believed. He was a mean, sour man with not so much as a “good day” and a cup of tea for a wayfarer, or a cake of cold rice for a beggar man. His children whimpered when he came near them, and his wife was much to be pitied.

The younger of the two brothers was called Kanè. For all he laboured so hard he was as poor as a church mouse. Bad was his luck, his silk-worms died, and his rice would not flourish. In spite of this he was a merry fellow, a bachelor who loved a song and an honest cup of saké. His roof, his pipe, his meagre supper, all these he would share, very gladly, with the first-comer. He had the nimblest tongue for a comical joke, and the kindest heart in the world. But it is a true thing, though it is a pity all the same, that a man cannot live on love and laughter, and presently Kanè was in a bad way.

“There’s nothing for it,” he says, “but to pocket my pride” (for he had some) “and go and see what my brother Cho will do for me, and I’m greatly mistaken if it will be much.”

So he borrows some clothes from a friend for the visit, and sets off in very neat hakama, looking quite the gentleman, and singing a song to keep his heart up.

He sees his brother standing outside his house, and the first minute he thinks he is seeing a boggart, Cho is in such ragged gear. But presently he sings out, “You’re early, Cho.”

“You’re early, Kanè,” says Cho.

“May I come in and talk a bit?” asks Kanè.

“Yes,” says Cho, “you can; but you won’t find anything to eat at this time of day, nor yet to drink, so let disappointments be avoided.”

“Very well,” says Kanè; “as it happens, it’s not food I’ve come for.”

When they were inside the house and sitting on the mats, Cho says, “That’s a fine suit of clothes you’ve got on you, Kanè. You must be doing well. It’s not me that can afford to go about the muddy roads dressed up like a prince. Times are bad, very bad.”

In spite of this not being a good beginning, Kanè plucks up his courage and laughs. And presently he says:

“Look here, brother. These are borrowed clothes, my own will hardly hold together. My rice crop was ruined, and my silk-worms are dead. I have not a rin to buy rice seed or new worms. I am at my wits’ end, and I have come to you begging, so now you have it. For the sake of the mother that bore us both, give me a handful of seed and a few silk-worms’ eggs.”

At this Cho made as if he would faint with astonishment and dismay.

“Alack! Alack!” he says. “I am a poor man, a very poor man. Must I rob my wife and my miserable children?” And thus he bewailed himself and talked for half an hour.

But to make a long story short, Cho says that out of filial piety, and because of the blessed mother of them both, he must make shift to give Kanè the silk-worms’ eggs and the rice. So he gets a handful of dead eggs and a handful of musty and mouldy rice. “These are no good to man or beast,” says the old fox to himself, and he laughs. But to his own blood-brother he says, “Here, Kanè. It’s the best silk-worms’ eggs I am giving you, and the best rice of all my poor store, and I cannot afford it at all; and may the gods forgive me for robbing my poor wife and my children.”

Kanè thanks his brother with all his heart for his great generosity, and bows his head to the mats three times. Then off he goes, with the silk-worms’ eggs and the rice in his sleeve, skipping and jumping with joy, for he thought that his luck had turned at last. But in the muddy parts of the road he was careful to hold up his hakama, for they were borrowed.

When he reached home he gathered great store of green mulberry leaves. This was for the silk-worms that were going to be hatched out of the dead eggs. And he sat down and waited for the silk-worms to come. And come they did, too, and that was very strange, because the eggs were dead eggs for sure. The silk-worms were a lively lot; they ate the mulberry leaves in a twinkling, and lost no time at all, but began to wind themselves into cocoons that minute. Then Kanè was the happy man. He went out and told his good fortune to all the neighbours. This was where he made his mistake. And he found a peddlar man who did his rounds in those parts, and gave him a message to take to his brother Cho, with his compliments and respectful thanks, that the silk-worms were doing uncommonly well. This was where he made a bigger mistake. It was a pity he could not let well alone.

When Cho heard of his brother’s luck he was not pleased. Pretty soon he tied on his straw sandals and was off to Kanè’s farm. Kanè was out when he got there, but Cho did not care for that. He went to have a look at the silk-worms. And when he saw how they were beginning to spin themselves into cocoons, as neat as you please, he took a sharp knife and cut every one of them in two. Then he went away home, the bad man! When Kanè came to look after his silk-worms he could not help thinking they looked a bit queer. He scratches his head and he says, “It almost appears as though each of them has been cut in half. They seem dead,” he says. Then out he goes and gathers a great lot of mulberry leaves. And all those half silk-worms set to and ate up the mulberry leaves, and after that there were just twice as many silk-worms spinning away as there were before. And that was very strange, because the silk-worms were dead for sure.

When Cho heard of this he goes and chops his own silk-worms in two with a sharp knife; but he gained nothing by that, for the silk-worms never moved again, but stayed as dead as dead, and his wife had to throw them away next morning.

After this Kanè sowed the rice seed that he had from his brother, and when the young rice came up as green as you please he planted it out with care, and it flourished wonderfully, and soon the rice was formed in the ear.

One day an immense flight of swallows came and settled on Kanè’s rice-field.

“Arah! Arah!” Kanè shouted. He clapped his hands and beat about with a bamboo stick. So the swallows flew away. In two minutes back they came.

“Arah! Arah!” Kanè shouted, and he clapped his hands and beat about with his bamboo stick. So the swallows flew away. In two minutes back they came.

“Arah! Arah!” Kanè shouted. He clapped his hands and beat about with his bamboo stick. So the swallows flew away. In two minutes back they came.

When he had scared them away for the ninth time, Kanè takes his tenegui and wipes his face. “This grows into a habit,” he says. But in two minutes back came the swallows for the tenth time. “Arah! Arah!” Kanè shouted, and he chased them over hill and dale, hedge and ditch, rice-field and mulberry-field, till at last they flew away from his sight, and he found himself in a mossy dell shaded by spreading pine trees. Being very tired with running he lies down his full length upon the moss, and presently falls fast asleep and snoring.

The next thing was that he dreamed. He thought he saw a troop of children come to the mossy glade, for in his dream he remembered very well where he was. The children fluttered here and there among the pine-trees’ trunks. They were as pretty as flowers or butterflies. One and all of them had dancing bare feet; their hair hung down, long, loose and black; their skins were white like the plum blossom.

“For good or for evil,” says Kanè to himself, “I have seen the fairies’ children.”

The children made an end of their dancing, and sat them upon the ground in a ring. “Leader! Leader!” they cried. “Fetch us the mallet.” Then there rose up a beautiful boy, about fourteen or fifteen years old, the eldest and the tallest there. He lifted a mossy stone quite close to Kanè’s head. Underneath was a plain little mallet of white wood. The boy took it up and went and stood within the circle of children. He laughed and cried, “Now what will you have?”

“A kite, a kite,” calls out one of the children.

The boy shakes the mallet, and lo and behold he shakes a kite out of it!–a great kite with a tail to it, and a good ball of twine as well.

“Now what else?” asks the boy.

“Battledore and shuttlecock for me,” says a little girl.

And sure enough there they are, a battledore of the best, and twenty shuttlecocks, meetly feathered and gilded.

“Now what else?” says the boy.

“A lot of sweets.”

“Greedy!” says the boy, but he shakes the mallet, and there are the sweets.

“A red crêpe frock and a brocade obi.”

“Miss Vanity!” says the boy, but he shakes all this gravely out of the mallet.

“Books, story books.”

“That’s better,” says the boy, and out come the books by the dozen and score, all open to show the lovely pictures.

Now, when the children had their hearts’ desires, the leader put away the mallet beneath its mossy stone, and after they had played for some time they became tired; their bright attires melted away into the gloom of the wood, and their pretty voices grew distant and then were heard no more. It was very still.

Kanè awoke, good man, and found the sun set and darkness beginning to fall. There was the mossy stone right under his hand. He lifted it, and there was the mallet.

“Now,” said Kanè, taking it up, “begging the pardon of the fairies’ children, I’ll make bold to borrow that mallet.” So he took it home in his sleeve and spent a pleasant evening shaking gold pieces out of it, and saké, and new clothes, and farmers’ tools, and musical instruments, and who knows what all!

It is not hard to believe that pretty soon he became the richest and jolliest farmer in all that country-side. Sleek and fat he grew, and his heart was bigger and kinder than ever.

But what like was Cho’s heart when he got wind of all this? Ay, there’s the question. Cho turned green with envy, as green as grass. “I’ll have a fairy mallet, too,” he says, “and be rich for nothing. Why should that idiot spendthrift Kanè have all the good fortune?” So he goes and begs rice from his brother, which his brother gives him very willingly, a good sackful. And he waits for it to ripen, quite wild with impatience. It ripens sure enough, and sure enough a flight of swallows comes and settles upon the good grain in the ear.

“Arah! Arah!” shouted Cho, clapping his hands and laughing aloud for joy. The swallows flew away, and Cho was after them. He chased them over hill and dale, hedge and ditch, rice-field and mulberry-field, till at last they flew away from his sight, and he found himself in a mossy dell shaded by spreading pine-trees. Cho looks about him.

“This should be the place,” says he. So he lies down and waits with one wily eye shut and one wily eye open.

Presently who should trip into the dell but the fairies’ children! Very fresh they were as they moved among the pine-tree trunks.

“Leader! Leader! Fetch us the mallet,” they cried. Up stepped the leader and lifted away the mossy stone. And behold there was no mallet there!

Now the fairies’ children became very angry. They stamped their little feet, and cried and rushed wildly to and fro, and were beside themselves altogether because the mallet was gone.

“See,” cried the leader at last, “see this ugly old farmer man; he must have taken our mallet. Let us pull his nose for him.”

With a shrill scream the fairies’ children set upon Cho. They pinched him, and pulled him, and buffeted him, and set their sharp teeth in his flesh till he yelled in agony. Worst of all, they laid hold of his nose and pulled it. Long it grew, and longer. It reached his waist. It reached his feet.

Lord, how they laughed, the fairies’ children! Then they scampered away like fallen leaves before the wind.

Cho sighed, and he groaned, and he cursed, and he swore, but for all that his nose was not an inch shorter. So, sad and sorry, he gathered it up in his two hands and went to Kanè’s house.

“Kanè, I am very sick,” says he.

“Indeed, so I see,” says Kanè, “a terrible sickness; and how did you catch it?” he says. And so kind he was that he never laughed at Cho’s nose, nor yet he never smiled, but there were tears in his eyes at his brother’s misfortunes. Then Cho’s heart melted and he told his brother all the tale, and he never kept back how mean he had been about the dead silk-worms’ eggs, and about the other things that have been told of. And he asked Kanè to forgive him and to help him.

“Wait you still a minute,” says Kanè.

He goes to his chest, and he brings out the mallet. And he rubs it very gently up and down Cho’s long nose, and sure enough it shortened up very quickly. In two minutes it was a natural size. Cho danced for joy.

Kanè looks at him and says, “If I were you, I’d just go home and try to be different.”

When Cho had gone, Kanè sat still and thought for a long time. When the moon rose that night he went out and took the mallet with him. He came to the mossy dell that was shaded with spreading pine trees, and he laid the mallet in its old place under the stone.

“I’m the last man in the world,” he said, “to be unfriendly to the fairies’ children.”


Running and expanding this site requires resources: from maintaining our digital platform to sourcing and curating new content. With your help, we can grow our collection, improve accessibility, and bring these incredible narratives to an even wider audience. Your sponsorship enables us to keep the world’s stories alive and thriving. ♦ Visit our Support page

The Peony Lantern

Hagiwara, a noble samurai, is enchanted by the Lady of the Morning Dew after retrieving a shuttlecock from her mysterious garden. Their love transcends death, as she and her handmaid O’Yoné return during the Festival of Bon, haunting Hagiwara nightly. Despite holy protections, the bond proves fatal, and Hagiwara succumbs to their love, dying as their spirits reunite in eternal sorrow.

Source
Japanese Fairy Tales
by Grace James
Macmillan & Co., London, 1912


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The narrative features the Lady of the Morning Dew and her handmaid O’Yoné, who return as spirits to visit Hagiwara during the Festival of Bon.

Forbidden Love: Hagiwara’s romantic involvement with the Lady of the Morning Dew transcends societal norms and even death, highlighting the challenges of their unconventional relationship.

Illusion vs. Reality: Hagiwara’s interactions with the apparitions blur the lines between the real and the supernatural, leading to his eventual demise.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about Japanese Mythology & Folklore


In Yedo there dwelt a samurai called Hagiwara. He was a samurai of the hatamoto, which is of all the ranks of samurai the most honourable. He possessed a noble figure and a very beautiful face, and was beloved of many a lady of Yedo, both openly and in secret. For himself, being yet very young, his thoughts turned to pleasure rather than to love, and morning, noon and night he was wont to disport himself with the gay youth of the city. He was the prince and leader of joyous revels within doors and without, and would often parade the streets for long together with bands of his boon companions.

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One bright and wintry day during the Festival of the New Year he found himself with a company of laughing youths and maidens playing at battledore and shuttlecock. He had wandered far away from his own quarter of the city, and was now in a suburb quite the other side of Yedo, where the streets were empty, more or less, and the quiet houses stood in gardens. Hagiwara wielded his heavy battledore with great skill and grace, catching the gilded shuttlecock and tossing it lightly into the air; but at length with a careless or an ill-judged stroke, he sent it flying over the heads of the players, and over the bamboo fence of a garden near by. Immediately he started after it. Then his companions cried, “Stay, Hagiwara; here we have more than a dozen shuttlecocks.”

“Nay,” he said, “but this was dove-coloured and gilded.”

“Foolish one!” answered his friends; “here we have six shuttlecocks all dove-coloured and gilded.”

But he paid them no heed, for he had become full of a very strange desire for the shuttlecock he had lost. He scaled the bamboo fence and dropped into the garden which was upon the farther side. Now he had marked the very spot where the shuttlecock should have fallen, but it was not there; so he searched along the foot of the bamboo fence–but no, he could not find it. Up and down he went, beating the bushes with his battledore, his eyes on the ground, drawing breath heavily as if he had lost his dearest treasure. His friends called him, but he did not come, and they grew tired and went to their own homes. The light of day began to fail. Hagiwara, the samurai, looked up and saw a girl standing a few yards away from him. She beckoned him with her right hand, and in her left she held a gilded shuttlecock with dove-coloured feathers.

The samurai shouted joyfully and ran forward. Then the girl drew away from him, still beckoning him with the right hand. The shuttlecock lured him, and he followed. So they went, the two of them, till they came to the house that was in the garden, and three stone steps that led up to it. Beside the lowest step there grew a plum tree in blossom, and upon the highest step there stood a fair and very young lady. She was most splendidly attired in robes of high festival. Her kimono was of water-blue silk, with sleeves of ceremony so long that they touched the ground; her under-dress was scarlet, and her great girdle of brocade was stiff and heavy with gold. In her hair were pins of gold and tortoiseshell and coral.

When Hagiwara saw the lady, he knelt down forthwith and made her due obeisance, till his forehead touched the ground.

Then the lady spoke, smiling with pleasure like a child. “Come into my house, Hagiwara Sama, samurai of the hatamoto. I am O’Tsuyu, the Lady of the Morning Dew. My dear handmaiden, O’Yoné, has brought you to me. Come in, Hagiwara Sama, samurai of the hatamoto; for indeed I am glad to see you, and happy is this hour.”

So the samurai went in, and they brought him to a room of ten mats, where they entertained him; for the Lady of the Morning Dew danced before him in the ancient manner, whilst O’Yoné, the handmaiden, beat upon a small scarlet-tasselled drum.

Afterwards they set food before him, the red rice of the festival and sweet warm wine, and he ate and drank of the food they gave him.

It was dark night when Hagiwara took his leave. “Come again, honourable lord, come again,” said O’Yoné the handmaiden.

“Yea, lord, you needs must come,” whispered the Lady of the Morning Dew.

The samurai laughed. “And if I do not come?” he said mockingly. “What if I do not come?”

The lady stiffened, and her child’s face grew grey, but she laid her hand upon Hagiwara’s shoulder.

“Then,” she said, “it will be death, lord. Death it will be for you and for me. There is no other way.” O’Yoné shuddered and hid her eyes with her sleeve.

The samurai went out into the night, being very much afraid.

Long, long he sought for his home and could not find it, wandering in the black darkness from end to end of the sleeping city. When at last he reached his familiar door the late dawn was almost come, and wearily he threw himself upon his bed. Then he laughed. “After all, I have left behind me my shuttlecock,” said Hagiwara the samurai.

The next day Hagiwara sat alone in his house from morning till evening. He had his hands before him; and he thought, but did nothing more. At the end of the time he said, “It is a joke that a couple of geisha have sought to play on me. Excellent, in faith, but they shall not have me!” So he dressed himself in his best and went forth to join his friends. For five or six days he was at joustings and junketings, the gayest of the gay. His wit was ready, his spirits were wild.

Then he said, “By the gods, I am deathly sick of this,” and took to walking the streets of Yedo alone. From end to end of the great city he went. He wandered by day and he wandered by night, by street and alley he went, by hill and moat and castle wall, but he found not what he sought. He could not come upon the garden where his shuttlecock was lost, nor yet upon the Lady of the Morning Dew. His spirit had no rest. He fell sick and took to his bed, where he neither ate nor slept, but grew spectre-thin. This was about the third month. In the sixth month, at the time of niubai, the hot and rainy season, he rose up, and, in spite of all his faithful servant could say or do to dissuade him, he wrapped a loose summer robe about him and at once went forth.

“Alack! Alack!” cried the servant, “the youth has the fever, or he is perchance mad.”

Hagiwara faltered not at all. He looked neither to the right nor to the left. Straight forward he went, for he said to himself, “All roads lead past my love’s house.” Soon he came to a quiet suburb, and to a certain house whose garden had a split bamboo fence. Hagiwara laughed softly and scaled the fence.

“The same, the very same shall be the manner of our meeting,” he said. He found the garden wild and overgrown. Moss covered the three stone steps. The plum tree that grew there fluttered its green leaves disconsolate. The house was still, its shutters were all closed, it was forlorn and deserted.

The samurai grew cold as he stood and wondered. A soaking rain fell.

There came an old man into the garden. He said to Hagiwara:

“Sir, what do you do here?”

“The white flower has fallen from the plum tree,” said the samurai. “Where is the Lady of the Morning Dew?”

“She is dead,” answered the old man; “dead these five or six moons, of a strange and sudden sickness. She lies in the graveyard on the hill, and O’Yoné, her handmaid, lies by her side. She could not suffer her mistress to wander alone through the long night of Yomi. For their sweet spirits’ sake I would still tend this garden, but I am old and it is little that I can do. Oh, sir, they are dead indeed. The grass grows on their graves.”

Hagiwara went to his own home. He took a slip of pure white wood and he wrote upon it, in large fair characters, the dear name of his lady. This he set up, and burned before it incense and sweet odours, and made every offering that was meet, and did due observance, and all for the welfare of her departed spirit.

Then drew near the Festival of Bon, the time of returning souls. The good folk of Yedo took lanterns and visited their graves. Bringing food and flowers, they cared for their beloved dead. On the thirteenth day of the seventh month, which, in the Bon, is the day of days, Hagiwara the samurai walked in his garden by night for the sake of the coolness. It was windless and dark. A cicala hidden in the heart of a pomegranate flower sang shrilly now and again. Now and again a carp leaped in the round pond. For the rest it was still, and never a leaf stirred.

About the hour of the Ox, Hagiwara heard the sound of footsteps in the lane that lay beyond his garden hedge. Nearer and nearer they came.

“Women’s geta,” said the samurai. He knew them by the hollow echoing noise. Looking over his rose hedge, he saw two slender women come out of the dimness hand in hand. One of them carried a lantern with a bunch of peony flowers tied to the handle. It was such a lantern as is used at the time of the Bon in the service of the dead. It swung as the two women walked, casting an uncertain light. As they came abreast of the samurai upon the other side of the hedge, they turned their faces to him. He knew them at once, and gave one great cry.

The girl with the peony lantern held it up so that the light fell upon him.

“Hagiwara Sama,” she cried, “by all that is most wonderful! Why, lord, we were told that you were dead. We have daily recited the Nembutsu for your soul these many moons!”

“Come in, come in, O’Yoné,” he said; “and is it indeed your mistress that you hold by the hand? Can it be my lady?… Oh, my love!”

O’Yoné answered, “Who else should it be?” and the two came in at the garden gate.

But the Lady of the Morning Dew held up her sleeve to hide her face.

“How was it I lost you?” said the samurai; “how was it I lost you, O’Yoné?”

“Lord,” she said, “we have moved to a little house, a very little house, in the quarter of the city which is called the Green Hill. We were suffered to take nothing with us there, and we are grown very poor. With grief and want my mistress is become pale.”

Then Hagiwara took his lady’s sleeve to draw it gently from her face.

“Lord,” she sobbed, “you will not love me, I am not fair.”

But when he looked upon her his love flamed up within him like a consuming fire, and shook him from head to foot. He said never a word.

She drooped. “Lord,” she murmured, “shall I go or stay?”

And he said, “Stay.”

A little before daybreak the samurai fell into a deep sleep, and awoke to find himself alone in the clear light of the morning. He lost not an instant, but rose and went forth, and immediately made his way through Yedo to the quarter of the city which is called the Green Hill. Here he inquired for the house of the Lady of the Morning Dew, but no one could direct him. High and low he searched fruitlessly. It seemed to him that for the second time he had lost his dear lady, and he turned homewards in bitter despair. His way led him through the grounds of a certain temple, and as he went he marked two graves that were side by side. One was little and obscure, but the other was marked by a fair monument, like the tomb of some great one. Before the monument there hung a lantern with a bunch of peony flowers tied to its handle. It was such a lantern as is used at the time of Bon in the service of the dead.

Long, long did the samurai stand as one in a dream. Then he smiled a little and said:

“‘We have moved to a little house … a very little house … upon the Green Hill … we were suffered to take nothing with us there and we are grown very poor … with grief and want my mistress is become pale….’ A little house, a dark house, yet you will make room for me, oh, my beloved, pale one of my desires. We have loved for the space of ten existences, leave me not now … my dear.” Then he went home.

His faithful servant met him and cried:

“Now what ails you, master?”

He said, “Why, nothing at all…. I was never merrier.”

But the servant departed weeping, and saying, “The mark of death is on his face … and I, whither shall I go that bore him as a child in these arms?”

Every night, for seven nights, the maidens with the peony lantern came to Hagiwara’s dwelling. Fair weather or foul was the same to them. They came at the hour of the Ox. There was mystic wooing. By the strong bond of illusion the living and the dead were bound together.

On the seventh night the servant of the samurai, wakeful with fear and sorrow, made bold to peer into his lord’s room through a crack in the wooden shutters. His hair stood on end and his blood ran cold to see Hagiwara in the arms of a fearful thing, smiling up at the horror that was its face, stroking its dank green robe with languid fingers. With daylight the servant made his way to a holy man of his acquaintance. When he had told his tale he asked, “Is there any hope for Hagiwara Sama?”

“Alack,” said the holy man, “who can withstand the power of Karma? Nevertheless, there is a little hope.” So he told the servant what he must do. Before nightfall, this one had set a sacred text above every door and window-place of his master’s house, and he had rolled in the silk of his master’s girdle a golden emblem of the Tathagata. When these things were done, Hagiwara being drawn two ways became himself as weak as water. And his servant took him in his arms, laid him upon his bed and covered him lightly, and saw him fall into a deep sleep.

At the hour of the Ox there was heard the sound of footsteps in the lane, without the garden hedge. Nearer and nearer they came. They grew slow and stopped.

“What means this, O’Yoné, O’Yoné?” said a piteous voice. “The house is asleep, and I do not see my lord.”

“Come home, sweet lady, Hagiwara’s heart is changed.”

“That I will not, O’Yoné, O’Yoné … you must find a way to bring me to my lord.”

“Lady, we cannot enter here. See the Holy Writing over every door and window-place … we may not enter here.”

There was a sound of bitter weeping and a long wail.

“Lord, I have loved thee through the space of ten existences.” Then the footsteps retreated and their echo died away.

The next night it was quite the same. Hagiwara slept in his weakness; his servant watched; the wraiths came and departed in sobbing despair.

The third day, when Hagiwara went to the bath, a thief stole the emblem, the golden emblem of the Tathagata, from his girdle. Hagiwara did not mark it. But that night he lay awake. It was his servant that slept, worn out with watching. Presently a great rain fell and Hagiwara, waking, heard the sound of it upon the roof. The heavens were opened and for hours the rain fell. And it tore the holy text from over the round window in Hagiwara’s chamber.

At the hour of the Ox there was heard the sound of footsteps in the lane without the garden hedge. Nearer and nearer they came. They grew slow and stopped.

“This is the last time, O’Yoné, O’Yoné, therefore bring me to my lord. Think of the love of ten existences. Great is the power of Karma. There must be a way….”

“Come, my beloved,” called Hagiwara with a great voice.

“Open, lord … open and I come.”

But Hagiwara could not move from his couch.

“Come, my beloved,” he called for the second time.

“I cannot come, though the separation wounds me like a sharp sword. Thus we suffer for the sins of a former life.” So the lady spoke and moaned like the lost soul that she was. But O’Yoné took her hand.

“See the round window,” she said.

Hand in hand the two rose lightly from the earth. Like vapour they passed through the unguarded window. The samurai called, “Come to me, beloved,” for the third time.

He was answered, “Lord, I come.”

In the grey morning Hagiwara’s servant found his master cold and dead. At his feet stood the peony lantern burning with a weird yellow flame. The servant shivered, took up the lantern and blew out the light; for “I cannot bear it,” he said.


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The Story of Matandua

A fierce Tongan king, ruthless in war, took Talingo, a captive girl, by force. Fleeing with her child, Talingo sacrificed herself to save him, drifting to Ono, where locals raised the boy, Matandua. Growing strong, he overcame hatred, slew a giant, and saved his people. Guided by his mother’s spirit, Matandua ruled wisely and bravely, uniting Tonga and dying peacefully, loved and revered.

Source
Tales from Old Fiji
by Lorimer Fison
Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co.
at the Ballantyne Press
by Alexander Moring Ltd
London, 1904


► Themes of the story

Quest: Matandua embarks on a journey to confront and defeat the giant, a venture that tests his courage and determination.

Sacrifice: Talingo’s selfless act of leaping into the sea to save her child exemplifies profound sacrifice for the well-being of her offspring.

Supernatural Beings: The presence of the giant introduces an element of the supernatural, representing challenges beyond the ordinary human realm.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Fijians


by Roko Sokotukevei
“Lord Whither-is-he-Sailing”

There was once a king in Tonga, a man fierce and savage of soul, whose delight was in war, so that he was greatly feared among all the islands, but loved by none — not even by the women of his house, who were many, for he never took to himself wives according to the custom of the land; but if any man whom he slew had a fair daughter, her he took by force, killing the ugly ones. Moreover, he would drag away the wives or daughters of other men, fearing nothing; for he was a mighty chief, with many followers; all the boldest of the young men going with him whithersoever he went, smiting his enemies. So it fell upon a day when he was sailing over the waters in his large double canoe, that a black cloud rose quickly up into the sky, and out of this cloud there rushed forth a blast, sudden and fierce, which smote his canoe, and tore the sail away from the yards, whirling it far off across the waters, and then there was a great calm.

► Continue reading…

“That was a sharp tooth of wind,” said the chief Happy are we that we live. But our sail is gone. Take, therefore, your paddles, my men, and let us get back to the land.”

So they lowered the mast and began to scull; but very slowly did they move, for the canoe was large and heavy-laden, also being full of people; and, when the night came over the waters, they had made but little way. All night they sculled, till they were faint and weary; nevertheless, when the morning broke, the land was still far away; so the men’s souls were small because of the evil case in which they were. “We are hungry and faint,” said they. “We can scull no more.”

And lifting up the paddles out of the deckholes, they sat down in silence, while the canoe drifted slowly before the swell.

“We must eat,” said the chief. “What food have we on board?”

“There is none, my lord,” answered one of the young men. “The last of the yams were cooked yesterday, before the squall struck us.”

“We must eat,” said the chief once more; “no man can work without eating. Go now and see if there be any banana stalks left on the weather half of the canoe.”

Now you must know that there is a hidden meaning to this saying. It is on the thama, or weather half of a double canoe, that the women sit when sailing, for it is unlawful i for them to sit upon the leeward half or kata. Wherefore when the chief said, “Go, now, and see if there be any banana stalks left on the weather half or thama, his meaning was, “Kill one of the women that we may eat.”

So the young man took his club, and looking around among the women, who sat crouching down in great dread (for they had heard the words of the chief), he singled out Talingo — the Forgotten one — the daughter of Takape, and beckoning to her with his club, he said: “Come, Talingo; the chief is calling you.”

So the girl rose, holding her baby tight to her breast and came slowly towards the stern, where the chief was sitting. But just as the club was raised to strike, with a shrill and sudden cry she leaped into the sea, diving down with her child far below the waters.

“My spear! my spear!” shouted the chief. “Give me a spear. Ha! This is the hook that will catch that fish.” And, with a savage laugh, he shook the weapon, as he stood, with his left foot drawn forward, gazing eagerly upon the water, where he expected her to rise.

But she dived below the canoe, and coming up again between the leeward and the weather portions of the canoe she stayed there silently, holding on by the cross-pieces below the deck, so that, after a long while, they said: “The sharks have eaten her and the child. They will rise no more.”

But Talingo hid herself till it was dark. And from her hiding-place she heard the crack of the club, and the death-shriek, and the talk of the crew as they made ready the victim. For when the young man, even Faha, asked the chief, saying: “Whom now shall I take, for the sharks have devoured the girl, and we must eat,” His lord glared upon him in fierce anger.

“True,” cried he, “we must eat. And you — you shall be eaten. Why did you not strike her before she leaped?” And, with these words, he smote him through and through with the spear that he held in his hand. Then it was that Talingo heard the death-shriek, and the crash of the heavy club.

When it was dark she floated quietly away, dragging the steer-oar off the stern, where it lay idly, for the crew were all feasting, and, laying her child on its broad blade, she steadied it by the handle, and so drifted away into the darkness, she knew not whither.

Four days she drifted, weeping continually, but ever suckling her child, and fighting with the great seabirds which circled round them, often swooping fiercely down; and, in spite of all her care, one of them struck the child with its beak, tearing out one of his eyes. Four days they drifted over the waters; then, early on the fifth day, the waves cast them upon the reef at Ono, and Talingo, gathering her strength, dived through the breakers and swam across the lagoon, landing near Onolevu, where she crawled up the beach, and sank down at the foot of a palm, she and her child.

Now there dwelt in that town an old man called Tausere, with Senirewa his wife, and their house was empty, for they had no children. On this very morning they went together to the beach to drag their paddle-canoe into the water that they might go fishing, and down by the waterside the old man saw Talingo lying beneath the palm with her baby sleeping at her breast.

“Who is this?” cried he, stooping over her, and he wept as he looked upon the poor girl, for she was dead, and lay there still holding her child, which was sleeping peacefully.

“Oh, Senirewa! Oh, my wife! Here, now, is a piteous sight!” sobbed the old man, and his wife also wept with him.

“They are strangers,” said she. “They are Tonga folk. A Tonga canoe has been wrecked, and they have drifted hither. Alas, alas! She is young, and her face is fair. And the child! True are your words, husband; a piteous sight, indeed, is this. But come, now, let us dig a grave and bury them.”

These were her words; but as she made an end of speaking, and stood there with her husband, looking sadly through her tears upon the dead, suddenly the child opened his eyes and smiled in her face. Then did the woman’s heart burn within her, and with a joyous cry she sprang forward and snatched the child from its mother, hugging it to her breast, and laughing and crying by turns.

“Oh, my son, my son!” cried she. “My son you are; my true son shall you be, for the gods have sent you. Look, husband, look at our boy! We shall weep no more because of our empty house. The gods have taken pity upon us.” And having thus spoken, she wept aloud for joy.

So they buried Talingo on the beach, where she had lain down to die, after bringing her child safe to land; but the boy they carried with them to the town. And when the neighbours ran together, asking all manner! of questions — whence he came, and whose child he was — they answered always in the same words: “Our son, our true son, whom the gods have sent us over the sea” — this much and nothing more.

And the child lived and throve, growing up into a fine lad, quick of hand, swift of foot, and loving of heart, so that his foster-parents rejoiced more and more every day, thanking the gods for the gift which the sea had brought them; and they called his name Matandua, because one of his eyes was gone. But Talingo lay in her grave on the beach, with the waves rolling over her when the tide was high. And often, when the north wind blew by night, the men of Ono, trembling within their houses, heard a voice of bitter weeping on the shore; and when this doleful sound came floating through the air, the boy would start in his sleep and moan, while the tears ran down his cheeks.

Once the old woman took him by the hand and woke him, whereupon the lad started up in a fright, and the sound of the weeping ceased.

“Where, then, is the lady?” cried he, gazing around like one bewildered. “Where is the lady?”

“What lady, my son?” asked his foster-mother, trembling sorely.

“Oh, mother!” said the lad; “was it, then, only a dream? I saw her! I heard her weeping! Her tears fell down on my face like the rain! Look, mother, look, my cheek is still wet! It surely was not a dream!” And he brushed the tears away with his hand.

“The tears are your own, my son,” said she soothingly. “You were crying in your sleep, and therefore did I waken you. But who was the lady? You have been dreaming only, my child.”

“I saw her! I saw her!” cried the lad. “She was tall and noble, like a great lady. Her hair was not brown and curly like yours, but stiff and black, and her skin was fairer than yours. She was wet all over, as if she had been bathing, and she stood over me, crying and wringing her hands. Oh, my mother, tell me who was this lady; for it seems to me that I have seen her before, and my heart burns within me as I think of her sorrowful face.”

“How should I know, my son?” said the old woman; “how should I know? Many are the strange faces that we see in dreams. Lie down again, and sleep, my child. Let not your soul be troubled because of a dream.”

So the boy lay down again and slept; but when his foster-parents looked upon him, as he lay sleeping, they saw that the tears were still rolling down his cheeks.

“It was his mother,” whispered the old man. “It was his mother! His heart knew her. See, he is still weeping. Let us tell him all.”

“Hush!” said the old woman, in an angry whisper. “Hush! He must not know. Am not I his mother? Have I not nursed him and tended him day and night? Could his mother have done more for him? Could she have loved him better than I? And now you say, ‘Tell him all!’ Foolish are your words. Is she not dead? I am his mother, and he shall know none but me.”

So they held their peace: and though the sound of the weeping was often heard, yet never, after this night, did they waken the boy, when he moaned and wept in his sleep. And always, in the morning, he had forgotten his dreams; nor was the weeping ever heard when he was awake.

In the course of time he grew up to be a youth, tall and strong, and useful in the land. Gentle also, and kind was he to all, and very loving to his foster-parents, who were now old and feeble; so that they were well repaid for all their love to him; for they were alone in the land, all the rest of their tribe having perished long before, men, women, and children, in a great fight with the people of Doi; wherefore they would have been wretched indeed, if he had not been with them, for who, among all the other tribes in the town, would have cared for them?

But the young men hated him. They hated him because he would not go with them, nor would he help in their evil deeds.

“Go you,” he would say, “and do as you please, for you are free. You are many in your tribes, and your old folks have many to help them. But we are few. Our people have perished, and I only am left to care for those at home.”

They used, at first, to mock him. But he would only laugh, repeating his words, “Go you, and do as you please. As for me, I shall stay with my father and mother.”

They feared him also, for he was strong, and skilled in the weapons of war. And one day, when Yango-levu, the Big-bodied, the son of the Lord of Ono, wishing to vex him, struck Tausere, his father, on the head with a club, the One-eyed one sprang upon him with a fierce cry, and smote him to the earth with his fists. Then snatching up the club which had fallen to the ground, he whirled it round his head, and stood there, glaring savagely round upon all the young men, and they were many.

“Who will strike next?” he shouted; and his voice rang out clear and high over the land, so that all the townsfolk heard him, and came running down to the beach where he stood. “Here am I! Who will strike next? Hear my words, O Lord of Ono! Hear my words, ye chiefs! He struck my father, the greyhead, the old, the feeble one. Without a cause he struck him.”

“It is enough,” said the Lord of Ono, “lower your club, Matandua. Listen to me. Hear, now, my words, ye youths. Listen, all of you. Do you wish to die? Right is the thing that he has done. He, therefore, who hurts him, hurts me. He that will fight with him, must fight with me, I have spoken; I, the Lord of Ono.”

So they feared him greatly because of his strength and fierceness, and, moreover, because of the King’s words: and, fearing him, they hated him all the more; nor did they cease from plotting together how they might kill him. And, though they dared do nothing openly against him, yet did they many things secretly — they, and some of the chiefs who favoured them. The Lord of Ono was an old man, lazy and careless; and it was only when he was roused to anger that he would bestir himself. Thus when the work of the land was portioned out among the tribes, they gave a full share to the tribe of Tausere, even though his own little household was the only one therein. But thereby they did but gather disappointment and rage to themselves, for the One-eyed one’s task was always the first to be finished. If it were fish for a great feast, then the lad’s basket-snares were always full while theirs were empty; for Talingo helped him, driving the fish away from theirs into his. Or, if the order was that timber be felled, then the fire, which he kindled round his tree, would burn it through in a single night, because Talingo tended it, while it would be many days before their trees fell. Thus it was ever with all the tasks that were set; but, when the high-priest called the people together, and told them that a new temple, larger than any of the others, must be built for their gods, then Matandua’s enemies rejoiced exceedingly.

“Now we have him,” said they. “Here at last is a thing he cannot do.”

So the work was portioned out, and one whole end of the temple was given to Tausere as his share. Wherefore came he, weeping, into the house, where his wife was sitting with the lad, combing his hair, and anointing him with sweet-smelling oil; and weeping, he told them the news.

“What!” screamed the old woman. “A whole end! Do they think we are gods? Where shall we find the sinnet? How shall we carry the posts? Are there, then, none given to help us?”

“Not one,” answered Tausere; “not even a child. They hate us, these chiefs of ours. They have a mind to kill us. Let us therefore die at once, and make an end of it; then will our lords be satisfied. Take pity upon us, Matandua, and strangle us both; for we are old, and feeble, and useless.”

“It is good,” whined the wife. “Hear the words of your father, my son. Strangle us, that we may die.”

“Not so,” cried the One-eyed one. “You shall live. Let us try once more, and if this thing be too hard for us, then let us flee together to some other land. If we die in the midst of the waters, or if the people of the land whither we go kill us because we are strangers, it is but dying after all. Let us therefore try once more.”

“Good!” said Tausere. “Let us try. It will be useless; but still let us try yet this once. Come now, here is coconut fibre. Let us make sinnet to-day.”

So they sat down together in the house, plaiting sinnet. And every time that they twisted the fibre a full fathom was done, neat and well laid; wherefore they worked in great wonder and awe, for it was plain that some god was helping them. And before the night came over the land the floor of the house was covered with beautiful sinnet of various colours.

“It is enough,” said Tausere, and they wound it up into a ball, large and heavy.

“Here now is a wonderful thing,” whispered he to his wife, when Matandua had fallen asleep. “Here now is a wonderful thing. What can it be, my wife, for the like thereof was never heard of before.”

“It is his mother,” answered the old woman. “It must be his mother. Who else of ‘Those who are absent ‘ would care for him?”

“True perhaps are your words,” said the man; “but whether it be his mother, or whosoever it be, one thing is plain — that it was a happy day for us when we found the child on the beach. And now let us sleep, for it is far into the night, and there is a great work and heavy to be done in the morning.”

On the morrow they went to cut down the posts, and when they had found a clump of trees which were fit for the purpose, before they could light their fires to burn them down, suddenly a furious blast swept through the forest, and in a moment the trees lay at their feet, with all the branches broken off, so that they were ready for fashioning into posts. Great also was their wonder when they went about to lift them, for the big logs were no heavier than so many little sticks; and they carried them down into the town, throwing them down on the spot where the temple was building. And all the people were astonished.

“What sort of wood can it be,” said they, “that even old Tausere can carry so big a log?” but when they tried to lift them, no two of the strongest among them could so much as raise one end of the smallest post.

Thus all the work was made easy to Tausere and Matandua, so that they finished their end with ease, often having to wait for the other tribes, to whom the sides of the building had been allotted.

Then said the young men among themselves, “Useless is all that we have done, we must kill him ourselves.” So, having plotted together, first of all they dug a deep pit, the mouth of which they hid with sticks and grass, and made ready a plan for enticing him thither, that he might fall therein and die. But when it was finished, and they were going back in great glee to the town, the sun having gone down below the waters, and the moon shining bright and clear, suddenly they saw in the path a strange woman, wondrous fair, whose look was even as the look of the women of Tonga; her body was wet, as if she had come from the sea, and the drops on her hair glistened in the moonlight, as she stood before them in the path, holding in her hand a large steer-oar.

“Who are you?” shouted “Big-body,” who was walking in front, while the young men followed him. “Who then are you? Why do you not speak?” for the woman answered never a word; and when he ran forward she turned and fled into the forest.

“Seize her!” cried the son of the Lord of Ono, rushing after her; and the young men followed him, shouting aloud.

Swiftly ran the woman through the forest, doubling on them till she came out again into the path behind them, and ran forward towards the pit which they had been digging, over which she passed as if it had been solid ground; and the young men were close behind her, forgetting the pit in their eagerness to catch her. Then rang through the forest a dreadful laugh, loud, fierce, and shrill, as “Big-body,” with ten more of the foremost — eleven in all — fell headlong down into the pit which they had dug for the One-eyed one, and the hindmost turned and fled, with yells of terror, back, to the town.

“Oh, evil day!” cried the Lord of Ono, when he heard the news, “My son is dead! Oh, evil day!”

And, gathering together a great company, he led them through the wood. And when they came to the mouth of the pit they heard a noise of dismal groaning and cries of agony, for three of the young men were killed outright, and the others lay grievously wounded by the sharp stakes which they had planted in the bottom for the One-eyed one, one of which had so torn the knee of “Big-body “ that he was lame for ever after; and men thereafter called him no more Yango-levu, or Big-body, but Loki-loki, the Lamester.

That was a night of much weeping in Ono; but when Tausere heard of the matter, he whispered to his wife, “It was his mother. See how she watches over him!” and they rejoiced together. Moreover, during the night, when the moon was high in the heavens, there rang forth from the beach a voice of singing, as of one chaunting a chaunt of savage triumph in the Tongan tongue. And Matandua laughed in his sleep, shaking his hand, as if it held a spear.

None of the men of Ono knew the song, or its meaning; but there was one who knew it, even Vatui, a man of Vavao, who, many years before, had drifted to Ono in a large canoe, which had been driven from Tonga by a dreadful storm. A young man, stout of heart and strong of arm, drifted he to Ono; but now he was old and feeble and blind, and would sit moping all day long in the house of the King, hearing nothing, seeing nothing, and speaking never a word. But when the first notes of that fearful chaunt came ringing through the night, he started to his feet with a terrible cry, and stood there before them all, glaring around with his blind eyes, and quivering in every limb — an awful sight to see.

“Is there death in the town?” cried he in a hollow voice. “Is there slaughter? Is there blood? Woe, woe, woe, to the land! I know it! I know that terrible chaunt! I heard it on a bloody day. I heard it when the warriors took our stronghold, and slew our people. Thus they sang as they dragged the dead bodies to the ovens. It is The Song of Death!”

These were the words of Latui; and word spake he never again; for the blood gushed from his mouth, as he sank down upon the mats; and, when they ran to lift him up, behold, he was dead!

Great then was the fear that fell upon all the people; nor did the young men plot any more against Matandua, for they were afraid. Nevertheless, after many days, when they went to Thakau Lala, the Empty Reef, to catch turtle for the feast of the yearly tribute, for which their lords had come, the lords of Lakemba; then having fished all day in vain (for they caught but one), they fastened their canoes to the reef by night, and waited for the morning. And at low water the young men gathered together on the king’s canoe to sing songs and tell tales of the olden days, as their manner is; but “One-eye” stayed by his canoe and slept alone upon the deck.

So it fell out that, when it was dark, “Big-body” came limping by with the young men, his followers; and, when he saw him, whom his soul hated, lying there asleep alone on the canoe, his heart gave a great leap in its joy; and creeping softly to the stake, which was thrust into the reef, he untied the mooring-rope, while his comrades stole the paddles; whereupon the canoe drifted slowly away into the darkness, for the tide was still running out, causing a strong current, and the wind was blowing gently from the shore.

“Good-bye, One-eyed One,” shouted “Big-body,” with a laugh of savage glee, and the young men laughed with him. “Good-bye, One-eyed One! A fair wind! A happy voyage!” But the One-eyed One heard him not, for he was sleeping soundly.

And, as he slept, he dreamed a dream. He dreamt that he was floating away out to sea in an empty canoe, and that when he looked for the paddles, behold, they were gone! Great then was his fear, as he saw the land growing dim astern, and nothing but the waste of waters before and around him.

Then, as he sank down in utter despair upon the deck, his eye caught a black speck rising on the top of a distant wave; and when he looked steadily upon it, he saw that it was moving slowly towards him, and his heart burned within him, he knew not why. “It is like a man swimming,” said he to himself; but it was something more marvellous than that. For in his dream he saw a woman, light of colour and wondrous fair, swimming towards him and pushing before her a large steer-oar, on the blade whereof sat a child whose face was stained with blood, which trickled down from its wounded eye. Coming near to the canoe, she dived below the waters and disappeared. Then from under the deck, between the weather and the leeward portions of the canoe, there came a sound of bitter weeping; and it was in his mind to rise and look beneath the deck, but it seemed to him in his dream as if he could not stir, though he strove till the sweat rolled off his limbs, so he lay still in great trouble of soul. And presently a sad voice was heard, calling him by name, “Matandua! Matandua! Oh, my son, my son, Matandua!”

“Can it be you, Senirewa, my mother?” asked he in i great astonishment.

“No, my son,” answered the voice, “it is not Senirewa. It is your mother, my son, my dear son — your true mother, Talingo.”

“Surely I know the voice,” cried the lad, still dreaming; “surely I know the voice! But this now is a strange thing that you tell me. Is not Senirewa my mother? Is not Tausere my father? They with whom I have lived all my life?”

“No, my son, no!” cried the voice with exceeding earnestness; “I alone am your mother. They are good people, those two. I love them because of their love to you. But I alone am your true mother; even I, Talingo. Listen now, my son, I will tell you all.” And beginning at the beginning she told him how she, a young girl, had been taken away by force by the cruel chief, on the woeful day when her father was slain; how she leaped overboard to escape being eaten; how they two together had drifted to Ono; and how she had watched over him day and night, helping him in his work and saving him from danger and death. All these things did Matandua hear in his dream.

“And now, my son,” continued the voice, “know that it was ‘Big-body’ who sent you adrift; and it will not be well for you to stay in the land where he dwells, for the name of the Lord of Ono has been called in the Land of Spirits — the messenger is even now on the way to summon him — and your enemy will be king when his father is dead. Wherefore, my son, my dear son, hear now the words of your mother who loves you. Go back to Ono. It is true that your paddles are stolen, but there is yet this steer-oar. With it you will be able to reach the land, before the canoes return from the fishing. Go back once more to Ono; and, having taken those two loving ones on board, hoist your sail and return to your own land, even to Tonga. Fear nothing, my son. The wind will be fair, and no evil will befall you; for is not your mother watching over you? I shall be with you, even though ou see me not. And now, awake, my son, awake, and cmember these my words.” And she struck the side of he canoe with the steer-oar.

Then Matandua, starting from his sleep, heard a knocking against the side of the canoe; and, stooping down, he saw a large steer-oar floating between the weather and the leeward portions of the canoe, but nothing else did he see.

“Oh, my mother!” he cried, “my dear mother! Will you leave me thus? Let me but see you with my eyes, my mother, my dear mother!”

But there was no voice, nor sound, save only the rippling of the waves against the canoe. Nevertheless, the steer-oar, which he had caught by the handle when he saw it floating, began to work backwards and forwards in his hand with a paddling motion; and thereby he understood that Talingo wished him to start. So he sat down, weeping, on the stern, and rowed with the heavy steer-oar towards the land. But, though the steer-oar was large and heavy, yet it was light in his hand, even as a small paddle; and the canoe moved swiftly over the waters as if it were sailing before a pleasant breeze.

“Surely my mother is helping me,” said he.

It were too long to tell of all that passed between him and the old people, when he told them that his mother had come swimming over the waves to save him once more from certain death; how Senirewa tried, with many words and much weeping, to persuade him that it was all nothing more than a dream, vowing and declaring that he was, her true son, and she the mother who bare him, and how her husband silenced her at last.

“Woman!” said he sternly; “it is enough. Lie no more to the lad. True are the words of Talingo, my son; true indeed are her words. She, and she only, is your mother. But we have loved you well. Ever since the day when we found you on the beach have we loved you well and truly. A good son also have you been to us. Weep no more, wife. Why should you weep? for he will love us none the less now that he knows the truth.”

“I love you all the more!” cried he.

So, after many words, they went on board the canoe, taking with them such things as were needful, and sailed away before the pleasant breeze, which carried them steadily along for three days, and then Tonga was in sight. Now, on the night before they made the land, the young man dreamed yet another dream. He dreamt that his mother came through the moonlight, not swimming this time but stepping lightly over the waves from crest to crest, her bare feet glistening amidst the foam. She came, and looking down with sad eyes upon the face of her sleeping son, she told him many things as to how matters stood in Tonga, advising him how to act. And truly, they needed advice; for not one of them knew the islands, or the reefs, or the passage — strangers were they, sailing to a strange land.

But when the white line of surf was seen in the distance, there flew from the shore a little green bird with a white breast, and lighted down upon the head of the young man as he stood steering, and then flew away towards another island, which was faintly seen to leeward, returning again, after a while; thus going and coming many times.

“Slack oflf the sheet, father,” said the young man. “Let us keep her away, and follow the bird.”

So Tausere slacked off the sheet; and when the prow of the canoe was pointing to the island, then the little green bird settled on the young man’s head and slept. But, when the reef was in sight, it rose again, making straight for the passage; and the young man steering after it took his canoe through the opening in the reef into the still waters of the lagoon, and ran her ashore on the sandy beach.

Now the island whereon they landed was Tonga-tabu or “Sacred Tonga,” and the great town, the town of the king, was near at hand. But, when they went up thither to present themselves to the chief, behold, the town was empty and silent, the hearths were cold, the houses were falling to ruin, and grass was growing in all the paths.

“The town has been smitten,” said Tausere, whereupon his wife began to weep.

“Not so,” said the One-eyed One. “When did a war-party smite a town and not burn the houses? No enemy has been here. Some terrible thing must have come to pass, for this has been a town of chiefs. Look now at the houses, how many they are and how great. Perhaps the townsfolk have been devoured by an evil disease, and the remnant have fled away, leaving the town with the dead.”

“Let us go too,” cried the wife; “I dare not stay here in this empty town. It is a fearful thing to stay with the dead. Look, my son, look! There is the bird that guided us hither. Ah, my lord, you have brought us into an evil case. Here are none but the dead. Pity us therefore, I pray you, and lead us to some dwelling-place of the living.”

Thus spake the old woman in a lamentable tone, as with streaming eyes she looked upwards at the bird, which was hovering over their heads; and when she had made an end of speaking, it darted away.

“Let us follow the bird,” said Matandua.

And, following it, they went through the town; out into the forest, through the gate of the war-fence at the back, over a mighty hill and down into the valley beyond, where the bird rose suddenly upwards with a shrill cry and then darted down into a dense thicket on the other side of the brook which ran through the valley. So they forded the stream; and, when they came to the thicket, behold a lamentable sight! Truly a mournful sight was that which their eyes beheld; for there sat a band of men famine-stricken, gaunt, and woe-begone. Round in a circle they sat upon the grass, gazing with lack-lustre eyes upon one who lay dying in their midst. An old, old man was he; and he lay there gasping for breath, his grey hair, all bedaubed with filth, streaming over the ground.

Stern of countenance and fierce of look was the One-eyed One as he stepped within the circle and bent over the dying chief, for he knew him, having been forewarned of all these things in the dream which he had dreamt on the night before they made the land, when his mother came to him, walking over the waves.

Stern of countenance and fierce of look was he; and, with a gurgling cry of horror, the old man struggled to a sitting posture, and gazed with fearful eyes not upon him, but upon the bird which had again perched on his head.

“Take her away! Drag her away!” he cried in a voice shrill with terror, while his flesh twitched and quivered and crept, and the foam gathered upon his lips.

“Hold her hand! Take from her the steer-oar! Why should she smite me with it?” Then, in a whining tone, “Why should you smite me, Talingo? It was not I. It was the young man, even Faha. I killed him for it. I thrust him through with’ the spear. Pity me, pity me, Talingo, for I am an old man and weak.”

Then, with a despairing howl, he threw up his hands as if to ward off a blow, and fell back — dead.

“He was my father,” said the young man, looking down upon the body. “An evil father has he been to me. It was in my mind to kill him, for he killed my mother, even Talingo, but now have the gods taken him out of my hands.”

“Are you, indeed, the son of Talingo?” asked a white-bearded old man; “of Talingo, the daughter of Takape? How can this thing be? Her only child was a baby at the breast when she was drowned, and they two died together. I saw it; I, Anga-tonu the ‘Just One.’”

“The true son of Talingo am I,” was the reply; “and he who lies there dead was my father. Hear now my words, ye men of Tonga, and you shall know all that has happened.” With that he told them all.

“It is a wonderful story,” said the old man, when the tale was ended. “Truly, a wonderful story is that which our ears have heard to-day. I would welcome you after our manner, and say, ‘Good is your sailing,’ but why should I mock you? You have come to a ruined land. We few, even we whom you see here, we are the remnant of death. And now the king also is gone! You are his son, and should be king in his stead. But to what end? The warriors are killed and eaten, and none but the women live.”

“What words are these?” cried the son of Talingo. “What things, perchance, are these that you tell me? Why is the town deserted? Why are you thus hiding in the forest? Where are the rest of the people?”

“Dead! dead!” sobbed the greybeard; “they are all dead. Chiefs and serfs — young and old — they are all gone. We only remain — we and the women; and they, too, are taken from us.” And, lifting up their voices, the whole company wept with a bitter weeping.

“It is eight months,” continued Anga-tonu, when the weeping was over, “since destruction came to this land. We were living quietly in peace and plenty when there came, wading through the sea, a great and terrible giant. Wading through the sea, he came, and seldom was it that he had to swim, for his feet trod the bottom of the ocean, while his head and shoulders were above the waves. We know not whence he came; but his face is white, and he speaks our language with the tongue of a stranger. We fought with him when he came ashore, but he laughed at our spears and clubs and arrows, sweeping them from him as you would brush a mosquito away, nor could the strongest among us pierce so much as his skin. And he killed our people, squeezing them to death with his hands, and crushing them beneath his cruel feet — a frightful slaughter! So we fled before him; whereupon he gathered the women together and took them away. He has built for himself a large war-fence, wherein he lives with our women, even our wives and our daughters, making them his slaves. And us he hunts through the forest, day after day, killing us off, one by one, and feasting upon the slain. Therefore are we in hiding. You see us, how few, and wretched, and miserable we are. We dare not go down to the beach to fish upon the reef, lest the giant should kill us. Therefore have we no food but the roots which we find in the woods, and even them must we eat raw, not daring to make a fire, lest the smoke should betray us. Moreover, the giant has an evil imp, in the shape of a white vampire-bat, that helps him, keeping watch and ward in the fence when he is away, and waking while he sleeps. At first we used to creep up to the fence and call the women, begging for something to eat, but always did this evil imp discover us, and many were killed before they could hide themselves from the giant. Therefore will it be well for you to flee before he knows of your coming; for, if he knows thereof, you will surely die. Go, therefore, back to your canoe, you and your two friends, and escape alive out of this evil land. If you will have pity on any of these wretched ones, take them also with you, as many as your canoe will hold, and save their lives. As for me, I am old and useless. Here will I stay. What matters it when I follow my lord, who lies there dead? To-day, or to-morrow, or perhaps the next day! I have followed him all my life, in war and in peace, by sea and by land; together have we fought, together have we feasted, and death shall not part us. One grave will do for us both. He was a hard man and a cruel. But what then? He was my lord, and I am his man. The words of Anga-tonu are spoken.”

Then was there a long silence, after which Matandua spoke.

“This, indeed,” said he, “is a lamentable tale, a tale of woe. Hear now my words. It is in my mind to fight with this giant. If I die, I die, and there is an end of the matter. But if I live, — how then? Will you be true men to me, and give me that which falls to me as a right, now that my father is dead?”

“True men will we be,” said the greybeard; and “true men will we be,” said they all.

“But why should you go to your death?” cried Anga-tonu. “To your death will you go, if you seek the giant. You now, you alone, are left of the blood of the chiefs. Why should you wish to die? Sail away to some other land, and stay there till these evil days be overpast. The giant will not live for ever, and you can return,; with your children, to people the land, when he is gone. Fly while there is yet time, I beseech you, that the light of Tonga be not utterly quenched for ever. Rise up, Kalo-fanga, my son, and follow your lord. Be you to him what I have been to his father. Take his life into your hand and keep it safe. Be your eye his watchman, your arm his club, and your body his shield. And you, too, go, some of you also; follow this your lord to other lands. Guard him well, and bring him back hither in peace, when the giant is dead, that he may reign in the land of his fathers. As for me, my day is spent, my work is done. I shall go after my chief, who lies there before us.”

These were the words of the Just One. Then rose Kalo-fanga from his seat on the grass; and, bowing down before his new chief, he kissed his hand, saying, “Your man am I, my lord; your true man, now and for ever.” Others also stood up, seven and forty in all, and vowed to follow him whithersoever he went. But the old men sat still: “We will die with Anga-tonu,” said they.

Then out spake the young chief. With outstretched arm and kindling eye spake he; his voice rang loud and clear, even as on the day when he faced the young men of Ono after that he had smitten “Big-body” to the earth.

“I will not flee!” he cried. “Shall the son of a king flee like a coward, leaving his people to perish? Even the children of cowards would cry shame upon me! But why stand I here talking? This is no time for many words. Come, Kalo-fanga; lead me to the slayer of my people.”

And they two went together through the forest, leaving the others behind, with Tausere and his wife, in the thicket. Never a word spake the One-eyed, until the war-fence of the giant was in sight. Then he said to Kalo-fanga, “Stay you here, and watch. If the giant kills me, go back and report to your father; but if I kill him, then will we return together in triumph to our friends.” And he turned to go, but Kalo-fanga caught him by the hand and stayed him.

“Not so, my lord!” cried he; “let me go with you. Forbid me not. It were a shame to me if you went alone.”

“It must be so,” said the young chief in a tone of command, as he walked away towards the fence. “Do as I bid you; stay there and wait for the end.”

“Alas! alas!” said Kalo-fanga, as he sank down beneath a big tree and wept; “he is going to his death! But, as for me, I will never return to my father. How could I go back and tell him that my lord died, and I not at hand to die with him?”

So the young chief went boldly on towards the fence; and, entering therein, he was aware of a vampire-bat, large of body and white, which, with a dismal cry, flew out of the top of a lofty palm, and made off towards the sea; whereupon the women came running out of the houses — a great crowd, even all the women of the island, whom the giant had gathered together for himself.

Great was their wonder when they saw a stranger within the fence; and they flocked round him, beseeching lim to escape, not even so much as asking him whence le came, so eager were they to get him away.

“Fly,” said one, “while there is yet time! “

“The giant will kill you!” cried another.

“The vampire-bat has told him of your coming,” lid a third.

“See! There he comes!” screamed a fourth; and, with that, they all fled away, leaving him alone in the midst of the fence.

Then, with angry look and hasty stride came the giant up from the beach (for he had been out on the reef fishing for turtle), and the earth shook under his heavy tread.

“You have come to your death!” roared he, as he sprang upon the young chief, who stood waiting quietly and watching him with a steady eye. Leaping nimbly aside as the giant rushed forward, he smote him full on the sinews behind his knee; whereupon he fell flat upon his face, and the young chief struck him two more heavy blows of his club on the same spot before he could rise. (Now this was his weak place; of this also had Talingo told her son, when she came walking over the waves to him as he slept.)

With a fearful howl the giant struggled to his feet and rushed again upon his daring foe. But now a great shout was heard; and from the wood came Kalo-fanga, leaping and bounding, and whirling his war-club over his head.

“Here am I!” cried he. “Here am I! I could not stay, my lord! We will die together!”

“His knee! His knee!” shouted his master. “Strike at his knee! The back of his knee, Kalo-fanga!”

So they fought together, those three. And a sore fight it was — the giant roaring and howling, and rushing first upon one, then upon the other; and they two ever dodging between his legs, but ever striking him upon the same spot, till at length he fell a second time; whereupon they raised the shout of victory, thinking to make an end of him.

But, in falling, he caught hold of a large tree, and brought it to the ground with him as he fell, wrenching it out of the earth by the roots. Then, rising, he seized it by the stem; and, giving it one fierce sweep through the air smote them with it, before they could spring backwards out of his reach; and they both fell, entangled amongst the branches.

“Aha! I have you at last!” roared he, with a savage laugh. But, just as he staggered forward to clutch them, behold, a little green bird came flying full in his face, and darted her beak into his eye, whereupon he threw up his hands with a yell of pain; and his two enemies, struggling from beneath the tree (for they were not hurt) came nimbly behind him, as he stamped and howled in his agony. Two heavy blows they struck — nor were more needed, for thereat he fell across the trunk of the tree, and after this fall he rose no more.

“A rope! a rope!” cried the young chief. “Bring me a rope!” And the women came rushing out of the houses, dragging behind them the long rope of a turtle-net, which their chief threw over the giant’s head, in spite of his struggles, and then the fight was soon over; for, pulling both ends of the line, they strangled him easily, and there was an end at last of this fearful monster, this slayer and devourer of men.

Then, with a dismal screech, rose the vampire-bat from the tree whereon it had perched during the battle, and flew away seaward; nor did it ever come back again to Tonga.

Meanwhile, Anga-tonu and the rest of the people, with Tausere and his wife, were sitting, full of fear, in the thicket, their heads bowed down, each man fearing to look his neighbour in the face, because of the utter despair which he knew to be written upon his own; and ever and anon a noise was heard in their midst, as of the breath of the north-easter on a calm night, but this was only their sighing. Thus they sat in mournful silence, waiting for the tidings of death; when suddenly the wife lifted her head and listened, then started to her feet with a joyous cry.

“He lives! He lives!” cried she. “I hear his voice!” And, ringing through the forest, distant yet, but drawing ever nearer, now dying away, now swelling full and clear, there came the sound of many voices, singing a chant which the Tongans knew full well.

“It is the Song of Death!” cried the Just One. “He lives! He has conquered!” and, leaping to their feet, they all joined their voices in the terrible chorus, as the young chief and Kalo-fanga came in sight over the crest of the ridge, carrying the head of the giant, lifted high in the air, on the point of a fish-spear; and all the women following them, making the woods ring with their song of triumph; while, over all, hung a thick cloud of smoke, rolling upwards from the burning town, which they had set on fire, after piling the stakes of the war-fence on and around the body of the dead giant so that it might therewith be consumed.

And thus was Tonga delivered from this dreadful scourge, which the anger of the gods had brought upon it.

On that same day they went back to the empty town, and began to repair the houses, working hard, day and night, till all was finished. And, then, with joyful ceremonies, they made the young chief King of Tonga, in the place of his father, who now lay buried on the brow of a hill that looked out over the sea.

So he began his reign, having taken Tauki, the Merry One, the fairest maiden of the land, to wife, and soon the great house had children rolling upon the mats. Only one wife did he take — her and no other. And when his foster-mother said to him, “You should take more wives, my lord, that you may get your ‘tapa’ cloth made,” he only shook his head and smiled.

“ ‘Tapa’ is good, but peace and quietness are better,” quoth he.

Many children also, sons of the giant, were born of the women. These grew to be mighty men, and pillars of the land; and, before many years were over, the town was too small for its people; wherefore they divided into three bands, building two other towns, even Mua and Hihifo.

But, long before this came to pass, the men of Vavau, and Haapai, and other islands, having heard that the giant was dead, were of one mind to lay aside their feuds with one another, and enter into a league together to make war upon Tonga-tabu, in revenge for all the slaughter which its warriors had made among them in days gone by.

“There is but a small remnant,” said they; “it will be easy work.”

Then was there great fear in Tonga-tabu, and many were for making a peace-offering, and bowing themselves beneath the yoke of the foreigners. But the King utterly scorned their counsel, vowing that his club should crush the skull of him, whosoever he might be, who should thenceforth so much as speak of surrender: thus he encouraged his people.

And, when the enemy landed, he fell upon their rear, as they went carelessly, and in straggling parties, towards the town (for they did not dream that he with his few would dare to come out against their vast multitude). Whereupon, some of the hindermost being slain, there rose a great cry; and a sudden panic fell upon all that mighty host, so that their hearts became as water; and, throwing down their arms, they fled hither and thither, and were slain on every side, even the women sallying forth out of the town, killing every one her man. Many fled to the canoes, but the King had secured them, dragging them up, high and dry, upon the beach; wherefore, their retreat being cut off, they sat down in despair, giving themselves to death.

But the King stopped the slaughter; for, said he, “great is the use of living men throughout all the years of their life, but what is the good of the dead? They fall, and are eaten; and there is an end of their usefulness. Slay no more.” So the work of death was stayed.

And he sent those who remained alive back to their own lands, keeping only such as stayed of their own accord; and he appointed a yearly tribute to be brought from every land.

Some of them rebelled against him in the following year, and strengthened themselves, fencing in their towns, and refusing to bring the tribute. Against these he led his warriors, and smote them with a dreadful slaughter, levelling their war-fences, and burning their towns. But, to the obedient, he was ever a just and wise ruler, neither oppressing them himself, nor suffering others to oppress them, so that even his enemies became his friends; and all the islands were brought under his sway; for he won them twice — once by the strength of his arm, and once, again, by the wisdom of his counsel.

As for the King’s foster-parents, they lived to a good old age, loved and honoured by the King, who was ever an obedient son to them. And, when they died, he buried them in the tombs of the chiefs, mourning for them with all his people.

Old Anga-tonu, also, lived for many years after the slaying of the giant; having, on that day of gladness, utterly abandoned his resolve to follow the old King, his master. He grew to be as blind and helpless as Latui (the Vavauan who drifted to Ono), but his mind was clear to the last; and he never wearied of telling to the young people the deeds of the olden days. But, of all his tales, that wherein his soul most delighted was the “Story of Matandua, the One-eyed,” which grew longer and more wondrous every time that he repeated it.

So the King prospered exceedingly. And the root of his great success in all his undertakings was the advice which Talingo continued to give him; for very often did she come to him in his sleep, warning him of coming danger, and advising him how to act in every weighty matter.

Moreover, Kalo-fanga was ever with him, by day and night, at home or abroad, in peace or war, by sea or land. Well did he redeem his pledge, which he gave on the day when he bowed down before him, and kissed his hand, saying, “Your man am I, my lord: your true man am I for ever.”

And strictly did he obey the words of his father, who, when he gave him to be the King’s man, had commanded him saying —

“Take his life into your hand, and keep it safe. Be your eye his watchman, your arm his club, and your body his shield.” Well did Kalo-fanga observe this command.

Now, when many years had passed away, and the King’s children had grown up around him into fine young men and women, a great longing came over him to sail once more to Fiji, and visit the grave of his mother. So, having called together the chiefs, he told them of his purpose, and appointed his eldest son to rule in his stead, until he should return. Then, taking Kalo-fanga, and a chosen band of warriors with him, he hoisted his sail, steering for Ono.

There he found the younger son of the lord of Ono reigning over the land; for Big-body had long since died of the old wound in his knee, which had broken out afresh, and festered, and mortified; so that he died in great torment. Three months did the Tongans stay at Ono, living in peace with the people; -with whom also they made a friendly league, which is kept even to this day. Thence they sailed away to other islands, until at length they came to Nairai; and here the King told his men to see to the fastenings of the canoe, for that it was now his mind to go back to Tonga: but the mind of the gods was otherwise, and back to Tonga never more went he.

No man slew him: no accident befell him: nor did he fall sick of any evil disease: but thus it was. When all things were ready for sailing, then for the last time came Talingo to him in the night, as he lay sleeping in the great house at Natautoa, the chief town of Nairai. Ever before, when she came, had she gazed upon him with sad eyes; but now was she light and cheery of look, as she stood, beckoning to him with her hand, but speaking never a word.

And Kalo-fanga, waking with a start, heard the King saying in a low tone and faint, “ Good-bye, Kalo-fanga. I am going. Talingo beckons me away.”

“My lord is talking in his sleep,” he replied.

But, when he woke in the morning, the King was ying at his side, cold and dead; and there was a happy mile upon his face.

They would not bury him in the foreign land, but laid him lovingly in the hold of the canoe, carrying sand on board to cover him withal, that they might take him back to his own country. Kalo-fanga held his head, as, with bitter wailing, they bore him down to the canoe; and, when they laid him in the hold, he stooped down to kiss, once more, the hand of his lord, his tears falling, like rain, on the face of the dead; and, sinking down by his side, without a groan or a struggle, the spirit of this true-hearted warrior departed, following hard after him whom he had loved so well, and overtaking him even on the road to Bulu, the Land of Spirits.

So they covered them both with the sand which had been brought on board; and, hoisting their sail, they steered for Tonga, before a strong breeze, which carried them thither on the third day. And there they buried the King in the tomb of his father, with Kalo-fanga lying at his feet.

Thus, without pain or sickness, died Matandua, the best of kings — brave in war, wise in peace, terrible to his enemies, faithful to his friends, and kind and gentle and loving to all.


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Fish Stories and Superstitions

Hawaiian fishermen recount a mix of mythical and factual stories about fish, deeply ingrained in their culture. Ancient fishing was governed by kapu laws, often dictated by Ku-ula, the fish god, and enforced by konohiki or aliis. Shallow sea fishing was restricted during kapu periods, marked by hau tree branches along the shore. Offerings of the first fish caught to Ku-ula ensured divine favor and bountiful catches.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The narrative references Ku-ula, the fish god, highlighting the interaction between humans and deities.

Ritual and Initiation: Fishermen performed rituals, such as offering the first fish caught to Ku-ula, to ensure successful fishing endeavors.

Sacred Spaces: The sea and fishing areas are depicted as sacred, governed by kapu laws and marked by hau tree branches, indicating their spiritual significance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


Translated by M.K. Nakuina

The following narration of the different fishes here given is told and largely believed in by native fishermen. All may not agree as to particulars in this version, but the main features are well known and vary but little. Some of these stories are termed mythical, in others the truth is never questioned, and together they have a deep hold on the Hawaiian mind. Further and confirmatory information may be obtained from fishermen and others, and by visiting the market the varieties here mentioned may be seen almost daily. In the olden time certain varieties of fish were tabooed and could not be caught at all times, being subject to the kapu of Ku-ula, the fish god, who propagated the finny tribes of Hawaiian waters.

► Continue reading…

While deep sea fishing was more general, that in the shallow sea, or along shore, was subject to the restrictions of the konohiki of the land, and aliis, both as to certain kinds and periods. The sign of the shallow sea kapu was the placing of branches of the hau tree all along the shore. The people seeing this token of the kapu respected it, and any violation thereof in ancient times was said to be punishable by death. While this kapu prevailed the people resorted to the deep sea stations for their food supply. With the removal of the hau branches, indicating that the kapu was lifted, the people fished as they desired, subject only to the makahiki taboo days of the priest or alii, when no canoes were allowed to go out upon the water.

The first fish caught by a fisherman, or any one else, was marked and dedicated to Ku-ula. After this offering was made, Ku-ula’s right therein being thus recognized, they were free from further oblations so far as that particular variety of fish was concerned. All fishermen, from Hawaii to Niihau, observed this custom religiously. When the fishermen caught a large supply, whether by the net, hook, or shell, but one of a kind, as just stated, was reserved as an offering to Ku-ula; the remainder was then free to the people.

DEIFIED FISH SUPERSTITION

Some of the varieties of fish we now eat were deified and prayed to by the people of the olden time, and even some Hawaiians of to-day labor under like superstition with regard to sharks, eels, oopus, and some others. They are afraid to eat or touch these lest they suffer in consequence; and this belief has been perpetuated, handed down from parents to children, even to the present day. The writer was one of those brought up to this belief, and only lately has eaten the kapu fish of his ancestors without fearing a penalty therefor.

STORY OF THE ANAE-HOLO

The anae-holo is a species of mullet unlike the shallow water, or pond, variety; and the following story of its habit is well known to any kupa (native born) of Oahu.

The home of the anae-holo is at Honouliuli, Pearl Harbor, at a place called Ihuopalaai. They make periodical journeys around to the opposite side of the island, starting from Puuloa and going to windward, passing successively Kumumanu, Kalihi, Kou, Kalia, Waikiki, Kaalawai and so on, around to the Koolau side, ending at Laie, and then returning by the same course to their starting-point. This fish is not caught at Waianae, Kaena, Waialua, Waimea, or Kahuku because it does not run that way, though these places are well supplied with other kinds. The reason given for this is as follows:

Ihuopalaai had a Ku-ula, and this fish god supplied anaes. Ihuopalaai’s sister took a husband and went and lived with him at Laie, Koolauloa. In course of time a day came when there was no fish to be had. In her distress and desire for some she bethought herself of her brother, so she sent her husband to Honouliuli to ask Ihuopalaai for a supply, saying: “Go to Ihuopalaai, my brother, and ask him for fish. If he offers you dried fish, refuse it by all means;–do not take it, because the distance is so long that you would not be able to carry enough to last us for any length of time.”

When her husband arrived at Honouliuli he went to Ihuopalaai and asked him for fish. His brother-in-law gave him several large bundles of dried fish, one of which he could not very well lift, let alone carry a distance. This offer was refused and reply given according to instruction. Ihuopalaai sat thinking for some time and then told him to return home, saying: “You take the road on the Kona side of the island; do not sit, stay, nor sleep on the way till you reach your own house.”

The man started as directed, and Ihuopalaai asked Ku-ula to send fish for his sister, and while the man was journeying homeward as directed a school of fish was following in the sea, within the breakers. He did not obey fully the words of Ihuopalaai, for he became so tired that he sat down on the way; but he noticed that whenever he did so the fish rested too. The people seeing the school of fish went and caught some of them. Of course, not knowing that this was his supply, he did not realize that the people were taking his fish. Reaching home, he met his wife and told her he had brought no fish, but had seen many all the way, and pointed out to her the school of anae-holo which was then resting abreast of their house. She told him it was their supply, sent by Ihuopalaai, his brother-in-law. They fished, and got all they desired, whereupon the remainder returned by the same way till they reached Honouliuli where Ihuopalaai was living. Ever afterward this variety of fish has come and gone the same way every year to this day, commencing some time in October and ending in March or April.

Expectant mothers are not allowed to eat of the anae-holo, nor the aholehole, fearing dire consequences to the child, hence they never touch them till after the eventful day. Nor are these fish ever given to children till they are able to pick and eat them of their own accord.

MYTH OF THE HILU

The hilu is said to have once possessed a human form, but by some strange event its body was changed to that of a fish. No knowledge of its ancestry or place of origin is given, but the story is as follows:

Hilu-ula and Hilu-uli were born twins, one a male and the other a female. They had human form, but with power to assume that of the fish now known as hilu. The two children grew up together and in due time when Hilu-uli, the sister, was grown up, she left her brother and parents without saying a word and went into the sea, and, assuming her fish form, set out on a journey, eventually reaching Heeia, Koolaupoko. During the time of her journey she increased the numbers of the hilu so that by the time they came close to Heeia there was so large a school that the sea was red with them. When the people of Heeia and Kaneohe saw this, they paddled out in their canoes to discover that it was a fish they had never seen nor heard of before. Returning to the shore for nets, they surrounded the school and drew in so many that they were not able to care for them in their canoes. The fishes multiplied so rapidly that when the first school was surrounded and dragged ashore, another one appeared, and so on, till the people were surfeited. Yet the fish stayed in the locality, circling around. The people ate of them in all styles known to Hawaiians; raw, lawalued, salted, and broiled over a fire of coals.

While the Koolau people were thus fishing and feasting, Hilu-ula, the brother, arrived among them in his human form; and when he saw the hilu-uli broiling over the coal fire he recognized the fish form of his sister. This so angered him that he assumed the form of a whirlwind and entered every house where they had hilu and blew the fish all back into the sea. Since then the hilu-uli has dark scales, and is well known all over the islands.

THE HOU, OR SNORING FISH

The hou lives in shallow water. When fishing with torches on a quiet, still night, if one gets close to where it is sleeping it will be heard to snore as if it were a human being. This is a small, beautifully colored fish. Certain sharks also, sleeping in shallow water, can be heard at times indulging in the same habit.

There are many kinds of fish known to these islands, and other stories connected with them, which, if gathered together, would make an interesting collection of yarns as “fishy” as any country can produce.


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Battle of the Owls

This Hawaiian myth recounts the story of Kapoi, who found owl eggs and planned to roast them, but was persuaded by an owl to return them. The owl instructed Kapoi to build a temple, which violated a royal law, leading to his arrest. On the execution day, an army of owls attacked, saving Kapoi and proving their divine power, securing their place in Hawaiian mythology.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Sacred Spaces: Kapoi constructs a heiau (temple) as instructed by the owl, highlighting the significance of holy sites in the narrative.

Conflict with Authority: Kapoi’s arrest for building the temple without royal consent illustrates a clash between individual actions and royal decrees.

Supernatural Beings: The owls, possessing divine attributes, play a crucial role in influencing mortal affairs.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Jos. M. Poepoe

The following is a fair specimen of the animal myths current in ancient Hawaii, and illustrates the place held by the owl in Hawaiian mythology.

There lived a man named Kapoi, at Kahehuna, in Honolulu, who went one day to Kewalo to get some thatching for his house. On his way back he found some owl’s eggs, which he gathered together and brought home with him. In the evening he wrapped them in ti leaves and was about to roast them in hot ashes, when an owl perched on the fence which surrounded his house and called out to him, “O Kapoi, give me my eggs!”

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Kapoi asked the owl, “How many eggs had you?”

“Seven eggs,” replied the owl.

Kapoi then said, “Well, I wish to roast these eggs for my supper.”

The owl asked the second time for its eggs, and was answered by Kapoi in the same manner. Then said the owl, “O heartless Kapoi! why don’t you take pity on me? Give me my eggs.”

Kapoi then told the owl to come and take them.

The owl, having got the eggs, told Kapoi to build up a heiau, or temple, and instructed him to make an altar and call the temple by the name of Manua. Kapoi built the temple as directed; set kapu days for its dedication, and placed the customary sacrifice on the altar.

News spread to the hearing of Kakuihewa, who was then King of Oahu, living at the time at Waikiki, that a certain man had kapued certain days for his heiau, and had already dedicated it. This King had made a law that whoever among his people should erect a heiau and kapu the same before the King had his temple kapued, that man should pay the penalty of death. Kapoi was thereupon seized, by the King’s orders, and led to the heiau of Kupalaha, at Waikiki.

That same day, the owl that had told Kapoi to erect a temple gathered all the owls from Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii to one place at Kalapueo [situated beyond Diamond Head]. All those from the Koolau districts were assembled at Kanoniakapueo, [in Nuuanu Valley] and those from Kauai and Niihau at Pueohulunui, near Moanalua.

It was decided by the King that Kapoi should be put to death on the day of Kane [when the moon is twenty-seven days old]. When that day came, at daybreak the owls left their places of rendezvous and covered the whole sky over Honolulu; and as the King’s servants seized Kapoi to put him to death, the owls flew at them, pecking them with their beaks and scratching them with their claws. Then and there was fought the battle between Kakuihewa’s people and the owls. At last the owls conquered, and Kapoi was released, the King acknowledging that his Akua (god) was a powerful one. From that time the owl has been recognized as one of the many deities venerated by the Hawaiian people.


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Kaliuwaa. Scene of the Demigod Kamapuaa’s Escape from Olopana

Kaliuwaa Valley and Falls, located on Oahu’s windward side, offers breathtaking scenery and deep cultural significance. The valley leads to towering rock walls and cascading waterfalls, surrounded by lush vegetation like ohia and kukui trees. Hawaiian tradition ties the site to Kamapuaa, a legendary demigod who transformed into a hog to escape enemies. Visitors still honor its mystical aura, reflecting its blend of natural beauty and folklore.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The narrative involves Kamapuaa, a legendary demigod, highlighting interactions with divine entities.

Quest: The story details Kamapuaa’s journey and efforts to escape from Olopana, reflecting a pursuit of freedom.

Sacred Spaces: Kaliuwaa Valley and Falls are depicted as locations of significant cultural and spiritual importance.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


From “The Hawaiian Spectator”

A few miles east of Laie, on the windward side of the island of Oahu, are situated the valley and falls of Kaliuwaa, noted as one of the most beautiful and romantic spots of the island, and famed in tradition as possessing more than local interest. The valley runs back some two miles, terminating abruptly at the foot of the precipitous chain of mountains which runs nearly the whole length of the windward side of Oahu, except for a narrow gorge which affords a channel for a fine brook that descends with considerable regularity to a level with the sea. Leaving his horse at the termination of the valley and entering this narrow pass of not over fifty or sixty feet in width, the traveller winds his way along, crossing and recrossing the stream several times, till he seems to be entering into the very mountain.

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The walls on each side are of solid rock, from two hundred to three hundred, and in some places four hundred feet high, directly overhead, leaving but a narrow strip of sky visible.

Following up the stream for about a quarter of a mile, one’s attention is directed by the guide to a curiosity called by the natives a waa (canoe). Turning to the right, one follows up a dry channel of what once must have been a considerable stream, to the distance of fifty yards from the present stream. Here one is stopped by a wall of solid rock rising perpendicularly before one to the height of some two hundred feet, and down which the whole stream must have descended in a beautiful fall. This perpendicular wall is worn in by the former action of the water in the shape of a gouge, and in the most perfect manner; and as one looks upon it in all its grandeur, but without the presence of the cause by which it was formed, he can scarcely divest his mind of the impression that he is gazing upon some stupendous work of art.

Returning to the present brook, we again pursued our way toward the fall, but had not advanced far before we arrived at another, on the left hand side of the brook, similar in many respects, but much larger and higher than the one above mentioned. The forming agent cannot be mistaken, when a careful survey is made of either of these stupendous perpendicular troughs. The span is considerably wider at the bottom than at the top, this result being produced by the spreading of the sheet of water as it was precipitated from the dizzy height above. The breadth of this one is about twenty feet at the bottom, and its depth about fourteen feet. But its depth and span gradually diminish from the bottom to the top, and the rock is worn as smooth as if chiselled by the hand of an artist. Moss and small plants have sprung out from the little soil that has accumulated in the crevices, but not enough to conceal the rock from observation. It would be an object worth the toil to discover what has turned the stream from its original channel.

Leaving this singular curiosity, we pursued our way a few yards farther, when we arrived at the fall. This is from eighty to one hundred feet high, and the water is compressed into a very narrow space just where it breaks forth from the rock above. It is quite a pretty sheet of water when the stream is high. We learned from the natives that there are two falls above this, both of which are shut out from the view from below, by a sudden turn in the course of the stream. The perpendicular height of each is said to be much greater than of the one we saw. The upper one is visible from the road on the seashore, which is more than two miles distant, and, judging from information obtained, must be between two and three hundred feet high. The impossibility of climbing the perpendicular banks from below deprived us of the pleasure of farther ascending the stream toward its source. This can be done only by commencing at the plain and following up one of the lateral ridges. This would itself be a laborious and fatiguing task, as the way would be obstructed by a thick growth of trees and tangled underbrush.

The path leading to this fall is full of interest to any one who loves to study nature. From where we leave our horses at the head of the valley and commence entering the mountain, every step presents new and peculiar beauties. The most luxuriant verdure clothes the ground, and in some places the beautifully burnished leaves of the ohia, or native apple-tree (Eugenia malaccensis), almost exclude the few rays of light that find their way down into this secluded nook. A little farther on, and the graceful bamboo sends up its slender stalk to a great height, mingling its dark, glossy foliage with the silvery leaves of the kukui, or candle-nut (Aleurites moluccana); these together form a striking contrast to the black walls which rise in such sullen grandeur on each side.

Nor is the beauty of the spot confined to the luxuriant verdure, or the stupendous walls and beetling crags. The stream itself is beautiful. From the basin at the falls to the lowest point at which we observed it, every succeeding step presents a delightful change. Here, its partially confined waters burst forth with considerable force, and struggle on among the opposing rocks for some distance; there, collected in a little basin, its limpid waves, pure as the drops of dew from the womb of the morning, circle round in ceaseless eddies, until they get within the influence of the downward current, when away they whirl, with a gurgling, happy sound, as if joyous at being released from their temporary confinement. Again, an aged kukui, whose trunk is white with the moss of accumulated years, throws his broad boughs far over the stream that nourishes his vigorous roots, casting a meridian shadow upon the surface of the water, which is reflected back with singular distinctness from its mirrored bosom.

To every other gratification must be added the incomparable fragrance of the fresh wood, in perpetual life and vigor, which presents a freshness truly grateful to the senses. But it is in vain to think of conveying an adequate idea of a scene where the sublime is mingled with the beautiful, and the bold and striking with the delicate and sensitive; where every sense is gratified, the mind calmed, and the whole soul delighted.

Famed as this spot is for its natural scenic attractions, intimated in the foregoing description, its claim of distinction with Hawaiians is indelibly fixed by the traditions of ancient times, the narration of which, at this point, will assist the reader to understand the character of the native mind and throw some light also on the history of the Hawaiians.

Tradition in this locality deals largely with Kamapuaa, the famous demigod whose exploits figure prominently in the legends of the entire group. Summarized, the story is about as follows:

Kamapuaa, the fabulous being referred to, seems, according to the tradition, to have possessed the power of transforming himself into a hog, in which capacity he committed all manner of depredations upon the possessions of his neighbors. He having stolen some fowls belonging to Olopana, who was the King of Oahu, the latter, who was then living at Kaneohe, sent some of his men to secure the thief. They succeeded in capturing him, and having tied him fast with cords, were bearing him in triumph to the King, when, thinking they had carried the joke far enough, he burst the bands with which he was bound, and killed all the men except one, whom he permitted to convey the tidings to the King. This defeat so enraged the monarch that he determined to go in person with all his force, and either destroy his enemy, or drive him from his dominions. He accordingly, despising ease inglorious,

Waked up, with sound of conch and trumpet shell,
The well-tried warriors of his native dell,

at whose head he sought his waiting enemy. Success attending the King’s attack, his foe was driven from the field with great loss, and betook himself to the gorge of Kaliuwaa, which leads to the falls. Here the King thought he had him safe; and one would think so too, to look at the immense precipices that rise on each side, and the falls in front. But the sequel will show that he had a slippery fellow to deal with, at least when he chose to assume the character of a swine; for, being pushed to the upper end of the gorge near the falls, and seeing no other way of escape, he suddenly transformed himself into a hog, and, rearing upon his hind legs and leaning his back against the perpendicular precipice, thus afforded a very comfortable ladder upon which the remnant of the army ascended and made their escape from the vengeance of the King. Possessing such powers, it is easy to see how he could follow the example of his soldiers and make his own escape. The smooth channels before described are said to have been made by him on these occasions; for he was more than once caught in the same predicament. Old natives still believe that they are the prints of his back; and they account for a very natural phenomenon, by bringing to their aid this most natural and foolish superstition.

Many objects in the neighborhood are identified with this remarkable personage, such as a large rock to which he was tied, a wide place in the brook where he used to drink, and a number of trees he is said to have planted. Many other things respecting him are current, but as they do not relate to the matter in hand, it will perhaps suffice to say, in conclusion, that tradition further asserts that Kamapuaa conquered the volcano, when Pele its goddess became his wife, and that they afterward lived together in harmony. That is the reason why there are no more islands formed, or very extensive eruptions in these later days, as boiling lava was the most potent weapon she used in fighting her enemies, throwing out such quantities as greatly to increase the size of the islands, and even to form new ones.

Visitors to the falls, even to this day, meet with evidences of the superstitious awe in which the locality is held by the natives. A party who recently visited the spot state that when they reached the falls they were instructed to make an offering to the presiding goddess. This was done in true Hawaiian style; they built a tiny pile of stones on one or two large leaves, and so made themselves safe from falling stones, which otherwise would assuredly have struck them.


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Pele and Kahawali

During King Kealiikukii’s reign in Hawaii, Kahawali, a chief of Puna, engaged in sledding, attracting the goddess Pele, disguised as a woman. After a failed challenge, Pele revealed her wrath with earthquakes and lava, chasing Kahawali as he fled. Despite devastating losses, including his family and spectators, Kahawali escaped by canoe to Maui, eventually settling on Oahu with his family, recounting his perilous encounter with the fiery goddess.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The narrative features Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes, who interacts directly with the mortal chief Kahawali.

Conflict with Nature: Pele’s pursuit manifests through natural disasters like earthquakes and lava flows, representing a direct struggle between humans and the forces of nature.

Trials and Tribulations: Kahawali faces numerous challenges, including fleeing from Pele’s wrath and the destruction of his community.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


From Ellis’s “Tour of Hawaii”

In the reign of Kealiikukii, an ancient king of Hawaii, Kahawali, chief of Puna, and one of his favorite companions went one day to amuse themselves with the holua (sled), on the sloping side of a hill, which is still called ka holua ana o Kahawali (Kahawali’s sliding-place). Vast numbers of the people gathered at the bottom of the hill to witness the game, and a company of musicians and dancers repaired thither to add to the amusement of the spectators. The performers began their dance, and amidst the sound of drums and the songs of the musicians the sledding of Kahawali and his companion commenced. The hilarity of the occasion attracted the attention of Pele, the goddess of the volcano, who came down from Kilauea to witness the sport.

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Standing on the summit of the hill in the form of a woman, she challenged Kahawali to slide with her. He accepted the offer, and they set off together down the hill. Pele, less acquainted with the art of balancing herself on the narrow sled than her rival, was beaten, and Kahawali was applauded by the spectators as he returned up the side of the hill.

Before starting again, Pele asked him to give her his papa holua, but he, supposing from her appearance that she was no more than a native woman, said: “Aole! (no!) Are you my wife, that you should obtain my sled?” And, as if impatient at being delayed, he adjusted his papa, ran a few yards to take a spring, and then, with this momentum and all his strength he threw himself upon it and shot down the hill. Pele, incensed at his answer, stamped her foot on the ground and an earthquake followed, which rent the hill in sunder. She called, and fire and liquid lava arose, and, assuming her supernatural form, with these irresistible ministers of vengeance, she followed down the hill. When Kahawali reached the bottom, he arose, and on looking behind saw Pele, accompanied by thunder and lightning, earthquake, and streams of burning lava, closely pursuing him. He took up his broad spear which he had stuck in the ground at the beginning of the game, and, accompanied by his friend, fled for his life. The musicians, dancers, and crowds of spectators were instantly overwhelmed by the fiery torrent, which, bearing on its foremost wave the enraged goddess, continued to pursue Kahawali and his companion. They ran till they came to an eminence called Puukea. Here Kahawali threw off his cloak of netted ki leaves and proceeded toward his house, which stood near the shore. He met his favorite pig and saluted it by touching noses, then ran to the house of his mother, who lived at Kukii, saluted her by touching noses, and said: “Aloha ino oe, eia ihonei paha oe e make ai, ke ai mainei Pele.” (Compassion great to you! Close here, perhaps, is your death; Pele comes devouring.) Leaving her, he met his wife, Kanakawahine, and saluted her. The burning torrent approached, and she said: “Stay with me here, and let us die together.” He said: “No; I go, I go.” He then saluted his two children, Poupoulu and Kaohe, and said, “Ke ue nei au ia olua.” (I grieve for you two.) The lava rolled near, and he ran till a deep chasm arrested his progress. He laid down his spear and walked over on it in safety. His friend called out for his help; he held out his spear over the chasm; his companion took hold of it and he drew him securely over. By this time Pele was coming down the chasm with accelerated motion. He ran till he reached Kula. Here he met his sister, Koai, but had only time to say, “Aloha oe!” (Alas for you!) and then ran on to the shore. His younger brother had just landed from his fishing-canoe, and had hastened to his house to provide for the safety of his family, when Kahawali arrived. He and his friend leaped into the canoe, and with his broad spear paddled out to sea. Pele, perceiving his escape, ran to the shore and hurled after him, with prodigious force, great stones and fragments of rock, which fell thickly around but did not strike his canoe. When he had paddled a short distance from the shore the kumukahi (east wind) sprung up. He fixed his broad spear upright in the canoe, that it might answer the double purpose of mast and sail, and by its aid he soon reached the island of Maui, where they rested one night and then proceeded to Lanai. The day following they moved on to Molokai, thence to Oahu, the abode of Kolonohailaau, his father, and Kanewahinekeaho, his sister, to whom he related his disastrous perils, and with whom he took up his permanent abode.


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Exploits of Maui: The Origin of Fire

Maui-mua and his brothers, fishermen living on the island of Maui, were teased by curly-tailed alae, who lit fires only when all four brothers were fishing. Maui-mua devised a plan, using a decoy in the canoe, to catch the alae. Upon capture, the alae revealed fire’s secret in a dry stick. Maui-mua, angered by their trickery, left the alae with a red head, marking their mischief forever.

Source
Hawaiian Folk Tales
a collection of native legends
compiled by Thos. G. Thrum
A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, 1907


► Themes of the story

Origin of Things: The tale explains how fire was discovered and introduced to humanity.

Cunning and Deception: Both Maui-mua and the alae engage in deceptive strategies, highlighting the use of wit to achieve their goals.

Supernatural Beings: The story features the alae, who possess the secret of fire, indicating their mystical nature.

► From the same Region or People

Learn more about the Hawaiians


by Rev. A.O. Forbes

Maui and Hina dwelt together, and to them were born four sons, whose names were Maui-mua, Maui-hope, Maui-kiikii, and Maui-o-ka-lana. These four were fishermen. One morning, just as the edge of the Sun lifted itself up, Maui-mua roused his brethren to go fishing. So they launched their canoe from the beach at Kaupo, on the island of Maui, where they were dwelling, and proceeded to the fishing ground. Having arrived there, they were beginning to fish, when Maui-o-ka-lana saw the light of a fire on the shore they had left, and said to his brethren: “Behold, there is a fire burning. Whose can this fire be?” And they answered: “Whose, indeed? Let us return to the shore, that we may get our food cooked; but first let us get some fish.”

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So, after they had obtained some fish, they turned toward the shore; and when the canoe touched the beach Maui-mua leaped ashore and ran toward the spot where the fire had been burning. Now, the curly-tailed alae (mud-hens) were the keepers of the fire; and when they saw him coming they scratched the fire out and flew away. Maui-mua was defeated, and returned to the house to his brethren.

Then said they to him: “How about the fire?”

“How, indeed?” he answered. “When I got there, behold, there was no fire; it was out. I supposed some man had the fire, and behold, it was not so; the alae are the proprietors of the fire, and our bananas are all stolen.”

When they heard that, they were filled with anger, and decided not to go fishing again, but to wait for the next appearance of the fire. But after many days had passed without their seeing the fire, they went fishing again, and behold, there was the fire! And so they were continually tantalized. Only when they were out fishing would the fire appear, and when they returned they could not find it.

This was the way of it. The curly-tailed alae knew that Maui and Hina had only these four sons, and if any of them stayed on shore to watch the fire while the others were out in the canoe the alae knew it by counting those in the canoe, and would not light the fire. Only when they could count four men in the canoe would they light the fire. So Maui-mua thought it over, and said to his brethren: “To-morrow morning do you go fishing, and I will stay ashore. But do you take the calabash and dress it in kapa, and put it in my place in the canoe, and then go out to fish.”

They did so, and when they went out to fish the next morning, the alae counted and saw four figures in the canoe, and then they lit the fire and put the bananas on to roast. Before they were fully baked one of the alae cried out: “Our dish is cooked! Behold, Hina has a smart son.”

And with that, Maui-mua, who had stolen close to them unperceived, leaped forward, seized the curly-tailed alae and exclaimed: “Now I will kill you, you scamp of an alae! Behold, it is you who are keeping the fire from us. I will be the death of you for this.”

Then answered the alae: “If you kill me the secret dies with me, and you won’t get the fire.” As Maui-mua began to wring its neck, the alae again spoke, and said: “Let me live, and you shall have the fire.”

So Maui-mua said: “Tell me, where is the fire?”

The alae replied: “It is in the leaf of the a-pe plant” (Alocasia macrorrhiza).

So, by the direction of the alae, Maui-mua began to rub the leaf-stalk of the a-pe plant with a piece of stick, but the fire would not come. Again he asked: “Where is this fire that you are hiding from me?”

The alae answered: “In a green stick.” And he rubbed a green stick, but got no fire. So it went on, until finally the alae told him he would find it in a dry stick; and so, indeed, he did. But Maui-mua, in revenge for the conduct of the alae, after he had got the fire from the dry stick, said: “Now, there is one thing more to try.” And he rubbed the top of the alae’s head till it was red with blood, and the red spot remains there to this day.


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The White Maiden

A young noble, while hunting near the ruins of Thurnberg, encounters a mysterious White Maiden who offers him wine and vanishes, leaving him entranced. Obsessed, he spends his days seeking her, consumed by longing and despair. His life dissolves into madness and illness, culminating in his death near the maiden’s last appearance. Legend holds she has never been seen again at Thurnberg.

Source
Folk-lore and Legends: German
Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to Her Majesty, at the Edinburgh University Press
W.W. Gibbings, London, 1892


► Themes of the story

Supernatural Beings: The appearance of the enigmatic White Maiden, who mysteriously offers wine and then vanishes, highlights interactions with otherworldly entities.

Love and Betrayal: The young noble’s profound infatuation with the maiden, leading to his obsession and eventual demise, underscores the perils of unreciprocated or ill-fated love.

Illusion vs. Reality: The maiden’s sudden appearances and disappearances blur the lines between reality and the supernatural, causing the noble to question his own perceptions.

From the lore

Learn more about German Folklore


It is now centuries since a young noble of the neighbourhood was hunting in the valleys which lie behind the hills that skirt the Rhine opposite the ancient town of St. Goar. In the heat of the pursuit he followed the game to the foot of the acclivity on which are seated the ruins of Thurnberg, and there it disappeared all at once from his view. It was the noon of a midsummer day, and the sun shone down on him with all its strength. Despairing of being able to find the object of his pursuit, he determined to clamber up the steep hillside, and seek shelter and repose in the shadow of the old castle, or, mayhap, in one of its many crumbling chambers.

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With much labour he succeeded in reaching the summit, and there, fatigued with his toil, and parched with a burning thirst, he flung himself on the ground beneath one of the huge towers, some of whose remains still rear their heads on high, and stretched out his tired limbs in the full enjoyment of rest.

“Now,” said he, as he wiped the perspiration from his brow,–“now could I be happy indeed, if some kind being would bring me a beaker of the cool wine, which, they say, is ages old, down there in the cellars of this castle.”

He had scarce spoken the words when a most beautiful maiden stepped forth from a cleft in the ivy-covered ruin, bearing in one hand a huge silver beaker of an antique form, full to the very brim of foaming wine. In her other hand she held a large bunch of keys of all sizes. She was clad in white from head to foot, her hair was flaxen, her skin was like a lily, and she had such loving eyes that they at once won the heart of the young noble.

“Here,” said she, handing him the beaker, “thy wish is granted. Drink and be satisfied.”

His heart leaped within him with joy at her condescension, and he emptied the contents of the goblet at a single draught. All the while she looked at him in such a manner as to intoxicate his very soul, so kindly and confidential were her glances. The wine coursed through his veins like liquid fire, his heart soon burned with love for the maiden, and the fever of his blood was by no means appeased by the furtive looks which ever and anon she cast upon him. She apparently read his state of mind, and when his passion was at its highest pitch, and all restraint seemed put an end to by the potent effects of love and wine, she disappeared in a moment by the way she came. The noble rushed after her in the hope of detaining the fugitive, or, at least, of catching a parting glimpse of her retreating form, but the ivy-encircled cleft, through which she seemed to have flitted, looked as though it had not been disturbed for centuries, and as he tried to force his way to the gloomy cavern below, a crowd of bats and owls and other foul birds of evil omen, aroused from their repose, rose upwards, and, amidst dismal hootings and fearful cries, almost flung him backward with the violence of their flight. He spent the remainder of the afternoon in search of the lost one, but without success. At the coming of night he wended his way homeward, weary, heart-sick, and overwhelmed with an indefinable sensation of sadness.

From that day forth he was an altered man–altered in appearance as well as in mind and in manners. Pleasure was a stranger to his soul, and he knew no longer what it was to enjoy peace. Wherever he went, whatever pursuit he was engaged in, whether in the chase, in the hall, in lady’s bower, or in chapel, his eye only saw one object–the White Maiden. At the board she stood in imagination always before him, offering to his fevered lips the cool, brimming beaker; and in the long-drawn aisles of the chapel she was ever present, beckoning him from his devotions to partake of the generous beverage which she still bore in her right hand. Every matron or maiden he met seemed by some wondrous process to take her shape, and even the very trees of the forest all looked to his thought like her.

Thenceforward he commenced to haunt the ruins in which she had appeared to him, still hoping to see, once again, her for whom he felt he was dying, and living alone in that hope. The sun scorched him, but it was nothing to the fever that burned within him. The rain drenched him, but he cared not for it. Time and change and circumstance seemed all forgotten by him, everything passed by him unheeded. His whole existence was completely swallowed up in one thought–the White Maiden of the ruined castle, and that, alas! was only vexation of spirit. A deadly fever seized him. It was a mortal disease. Still he raved, in his delirium, but of her. One morn a woodman, who occasionally provided him with food, found him a corpse at the entrance of the crevice in the wall whence the maiden had seemed to come, and where she had disappeared. It was long rumoured that he had struggled bravely with death–or rather that he could not die, because the curse was upon him–until the maiden, garbed in white as usual, appeared to him once more. That then he stretched forth his hands–she stooped over him. He raised his head–she kissed his lips–and he died. The White Maiden, tradition says, has not since been seen in the ruins of Thurnberg.


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